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Coal hauling activities are an important part of mining operation because they affect production continuity, cycle time efficiency, and operational safety. This study aims to analyze the requirements of road support equipment on the coal hauling road from Sector 4 to the new Coal Processing Plant (CPP) at PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Central Kalimantan. Based on road geometry, traffic density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI). The research method used was applied research with a quantitative approach. Primary data ware collected through field measurements consisting of road geometri observations, traffic density observations, Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) testing to obtain CBR values, and road surface condition assessment using the URCI method. Secondary data were obtained from the company records. The results showed that the hauling road has a total length of 9.1 km with an average width of 16 m, and grade values ranging from -7.68% to 10.52%, which are still below the maximum standard of 12%. Traffic density reached 184 dump trucks/day, for coal hauling and 62 units/day for construction material transportation, indicating high traffic intensity. CBR values ranged from 7% to 100%, showing variations in subgrade bearing capacity. The URCI value ranged from 72,50 to 91.00, indicating fair to good road conditions. Based on the analysis of road conditions and maintenance area requirements, the recommended support equipment for maintaining the hauling road consists of 1 motor grader unit, 1 compactor unit, 1 bulldozer unit, and 1 water truck unit.

Hydrocephalus is defined as active distension of the brain’s ventricular system, resulting from inadequate flow of cerebrospinal fluid from its site of production to its site of absorption into the systemic circulation. Hydrocephalus can affect anyone at any age; pediatric hydrocephalus affects 1 in 1,000 live births and is the most common cause of brain surgery in young patients. Hydrocephalus is a pathological condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to increased production, impaired flow, or reduced absorption. Ventricular enlargement occurs in response to increased CSF volume and can lead to structural damage to the brain parenchyma. This condition can be congenital or acquired. One key point in prenatal diagnosis is the differentiation between fetal hydrocephalus and non-hypertensive ventriculomegaly. The former qualifies for intrauterine treatment with good outcomes. However, the latter can result in either favorable or catastrophic outcomes due to a damaging etiology, as seen in viral infections such as Zika virus. For an accurate diagnosis, fetal MRI is performed to detect brain anomalies, in addition to fetal ultrasound (to detect common complications), karyotype testing, and TORCH testing (toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex). Obstetric management of fetal hydrocephalus depends on the gestational age at diagnosis and the presence of other anomalies. Treatment options include termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable, placement of a ventriculoamniotic shunt, cephalocentesis before delivery, and/or cesarean section.

The problem lies in the quality of the umbrella nails for asbestos or zinc roofs which often experience damage to the nail head is not large enough, the tip of the nail is blunt, thus damaging the roof material, and susceptibility to corrosion due to weather, and slow manual production. The purpose of making is to obtain umbrella nails with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 2.5 mm which are strong, pointed tips, relatively fast. The manufacturing method includes: making cylindrical umbrella pieces from 2 mm thick aluminum with a diameter of 25 mm and a 1.5 mm hole center, selecting raw materials for low carbon steel wire, AISI 1020 in the form of a 3 mm diameter coil, straightening and reducing the cross-section of wire using a die (wire drawing),, forming the nail head (cold heading), mechanically cutting the pointed end, forming the nail umbrella from cylindrical pieces that have been inserted with 50 mm long nails and pressed, immersing the umbrella nails in 500oC zinc liquid (galvanizing) for 2 minutes, checking dimensions and quality standards. The manufacturing results are in the form of strong zinc-coated thumbtacks measuring 50 mm in length, 2.5 mm in diameter, 1.2 mm in thickness of the thumbtack plate, total production cost of IDR 340/unit, and process duration of 12 seconds/unit, which implies that the need for strong and corrosion-resistant thumbtacks can be met for various related engineering needs.

The Baduy community in Kanekes Village has economic potential based on traditional crafts with high cultural value, such as weaving and woven fabrics. However, the management of craft businesses is still carried out in a simple manner without a structured human resource (HR) management system. Problems faced include the lack of a clear division of tasks, inefficient production processes, and limited marketing strategies. These conditions hamper the optimal development of craft businesses. This community service activity aims to strengthen human resource management based on local wisdom in order to increase the capacity of traditional craft businesses in the Baduy community. The solution offered is training and mentoring on simple business management adapted to traditional values. Activities include socializing the importance of HR management, training on the division of labor within groups, improving production skills, and developing marketing strategies that respect local wisdom. The implementation method uses a participatory approach through the stages of preparation, training, mentoring, evaluation, and program sustainability. The community is actively involved in every stage of the activity to ensure the program's suitability to local socio-cultural conditions. This activity results in increased human resource capacity in craft business management, the establishment of a more organized work system, and an increased economic value of craft products. In addition, this activity is expected to produce a community empowerment model based on local wisdom and scientific publications in community service journals.

Odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) is an important ruminant forage because of its high palatability, adaptability to tropical environments, and potential for high biomass production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of odot grass as a basis for developing productive and sustainable forage cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Pangi Village, Dulupi District, Boalemo Regency, from February to March 2026 using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of P0 without solid organic fertilizer, P1 at 10 t/ha, P2 at 20 t/ha, P3 at 30 t/ha, and P4 at 40 t/ha. Observed variables included plant height, leaf number, tiller number, and fresh weight production. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that P4 produced the best response for all measured parameters. The highest plant height was 77.83 ± 43.80 cm, with 18.83 ± 3.67 leaves, 2.42 ± 1.38 tillers, and fresh weight production of 52.33 ± 10.12 t/ha. These improvements indicate that 40 t/ha solid organic fertilizer enhanced nutrient availability and supported biomass formation. Solid organic fertilizer is therefore a promising locally based cultivation input for improving ruminant forage productivity.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of chips in Pugeran Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency face structural obstacles in the form of limited internal governance and weak market penetration. Around 80% of business actors are still managed conventionally, triggering production inefficiencies and a lack of mastery of persuasive marketing language on packaging. This community service activity aims to reconstruct an effective division of labor based on HR governance mindset, build the capacity of practical skills in packaging copywriting and digital media, and change business behavior from conventional reactive to strategic proactive. The program is implemented with an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach through three main intervention stages, namely diagnosis and reconstruction of MSDM, co-creation and marketing language assistance, and the adoption of proactive behavior through coaching and market simulation. The results showed a significant socio-economic transformation, characterized by the implementation of labor division SOPs that increased production efficiency by 18%, as well as the adoption of new packaging and persuasive copywriting techniques that expanded market reach beyond the region and increased average turnover by 22% in two months. In addition, a new social institution was formed in the form of the "Prosperous Pugeran Chips Craftsmen Association" and the emergence of young local leaders as agents of the program's sustainability.

Street names are a vital public information tool that helps people identify locations, find addresses, and reinforce the identity of a region. The availability of street names also supports the effectiveness of administrative services, community mobility, and emergency service access. Srigonco Village, Bantur District, Malang Regency, still faces a lack of street names, making it difficult for residents and visitors to find specific addresses. Based on this situation, students from the 14th Community Service Program (KKN-T) at Raden Rahmat Islamic University (Unira) Malang implemented a community service program involving mapping and installing street names at several strategic locations in the village. The implementation method included field observation, street name data collection, coordination with village officials, design and production, and installation of the street names. This program aims to improve access to location information, clarify regional identity, and support orderly village administration. The results of the activity indicate that the presence of street names provides tangible benefits to the community, particularly in facilitating address searches, improving environmental order, and helping visitors to identify Srigonco Village more easily and effectively.

Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia because it is the main raw material for tofu and tempeh, two major protein sources widely consumed by the population. However, domestic soybean production remains far below national demand resulting in heavy dependence on imports. In contrast maize is increasingly preferred by farmers due to its higher productivity and a more stable economic value. Therefore, maize–soybean intercropping has emerged as a promising strategy to improve land-use efficiency while increasing soybean production without reducing maize cultivation. This study systematically mapped and synthesized maize–soybean intercropping research in Indonesia and conducted a meta-analysis of Land Equivalent Ratio LER values reported across studies. Literature searches using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 179 eligible publications published between 1978 and 2023. Most studies focused on agronomic factors such as variety selection spacing arrangement and fertilizer management. Meta-analysis showed average LER values of 1.47 ± 0.046 for maize–soybean intercropping and 1.36 ± 0.081 for maize–mung bean intercropping indicating advantages over monoculture systems. However, inconsistencies in methodology and reporting standards limited study comparability and sustainability assessments. Future research should integrate ecological, social, and long-term economic indicators alongside standardized reporting frameworks to strengthen evidence-based intercropping recommendations nationally for sustainable agriculture.

The Operational Aspect in Islam emphasizes that production activities must benefit humanity or be related to meeting human needs. For example, the selection of raw materials should not come from haram sources, the production process should be free from activities prohibited by Sharia, production should not be excessive, and there should be no waste. The Islamic view on human resources emphasizes that all workers are huan beings, not robots or business tools. A A Business Feasibility Study refers to an analysis of a business plan, both prior to its implementation and once the business is operating on a regular basis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the operational aspects and human resource management within the feasibility study of the Islamic-based convection business, Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan. This research employs a qualitative approach. The data were collected through field research, which involves conducting the study directly at the site where the phenomena related to the research problem occur. The techniques applied for data collection include observation, interviews, and documentation The result of this study indicate that the Brand 57 Busana pekalongan is feasible in terms of operational and human resource management aspects from a Sharia businesss feasibility study perspective because it has chosen a strategic location, good product quality, adequate production capacity, and technology utilization. In addition, the brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convection is deemed permissible for operational production activities from an Islamic perspective, such as production activities based on Islamic values and Maqashid Syariah. In the implementation of human resources management, the Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convention has implemented job descriptions, a Muslim work ethic, a fair and decent salary distribution system.

The internationalization of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) has become a strategic issue in addressing global economic dynamics, particularly within the framework of the Global Value Chain (GVC) in the digital age. Although Indonesian MSMEs have great potential to support the national economy, their level of involvement in the global value chain remains relatively limited. This study aims to analyze the challenges and strategies for the internationalization of Indonesian MSMEs within the GVC in the digital age. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design, along with thematic analysis and value chain analysis techniques. The findings indicate that MSMEs are already involved in the GVC across various stages of the value chain—from raw material processing to global distribution—yet they continue to face numerous challenges, such as technological limitations, human resource competencies, production capacity, and international distribution networks. On the other hand, digitalization has proven to be a key factor in expanding access to global markets through the use of digital platforms. An effective internationalization strategy requires the integration of product innovation based on local resources, the utilization of digital technology, and the strengthening of global business networks. This study contributes to integrating the perspectives of GVCs, digitalization, and SME internationalization strategies into a comprehensive analytical framework, and provides practical implications for SME actors and policymakers in enhancing competitiveness in the global market

The swift proliferation of short-video-centric social media, notably TikTok, has revolutionized the educational landscape by facilitating novel methods of knowledge production, dissemination, and interpretation. This phenomenon denotes a transition in media and signifies an epistemological transformation in educational practices within the digital age. This study seeks to analyze the representation and interpretation of knowledge in TikTok educational content using a qualitative methodology grounded in an interpretive case study framework. Data were gathered via digital participant observation, comprehensive interviews, and document analysis involving 12 participants, comprising educational content creators and active TikTok users in higher education settings. Thematic data analysis was performed utilizing a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis framework to elucidate the interplay among visual, verbal, and auditory components in the construction of meaning. The results show three main patterns: the conflict between quick understanding and deep knowledge, the importance of emotional multimodal experiences in learning, and the negotiation of knowledge authority in changing digital spaces. These results indicate that learning via TikTok encompasses not only cognitive aspects but also intricate emotional, aesthetic, and social dimensions. This study theoretically enhances multimodal discourse analysis by integrating users' subjective experiences, while practically informing the advancement of critical digital literacy and the design of social media-based learning. Moreover, this study facilitates additional investigation into algorithmic dynamics, digital identity, and the evolution of learning methodologies within platform-centric contexts.

This study aims to analyze the political advocacy strategies employed by Jakarta Feminists in influencing the policy formulation process related to gender equality issues in Indonesia through various forms of social mobilization, including digital campaigns, public education, and collaboration with other civil society organizations. Jakarta Feminists emerged as a feminist collective actively advocating against policies deemed discriminatory against women and vulnerable groups. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature study method by Bogdan and Taylor as cited by Lexy J. Moleong. Data were obtained through literature studies from scientific journals, news, and social media content analysis. The analysis was conducted using Sidney Tarrow's social movement theory, with indicators of Political Opportunity Structure, Mobilizing Structures, Framing Processes, and Repertoires of Contention. The results show that Jakarta Feminists utilize political momentum, public issues, and digital spaces as strategies to expand support and pressure policymakers. In addition, the use of social media, the production of public knowledge, and collaboration with civil society organizations are forms of mobilization that strengthen the movement's advocacy capacity. Jakarta Feminists also successfully frame issues so that they are easy to understand. Collective action is also Jakarta Feminist's most iconic form of action and a consistent form of public pressure on the government each year. This study concludes that Jakarta Feminist's advocacy strategy demonstrates how feminist-based social movements can leverage political opportunities and mobilization structures to influence the discourse and direction of gender policy in Indonesia.

PT. X is a textile company that produces greige fabric. One of the crucial stages in the greige fabric production process is inspection. Currently, the facility layout of the inspection area at PT X is still suboptimal. This results in longer fabric movement distances and increased time, leading to delivery delays and higher material handling costs. This study aims to design an optimal facility layout in the inspection area using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) method and to determine the distances, times, and costs for the proposed layout. In the initial production layout, the fabric movement distance reached 26,130 meters in one working day, and the fabric movement time was 936 minutes. Furthermore, the initial production layout generated a relatively high OMH of Rp 13,742,980 per month. After designing the facility layout using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and Blockplan methods, the proposed layout was arranged according to the production process sequence, resulting in a smoother material flow. The proposed layout yields 16,830 meters of fabric movement per workday, 660 minutes of required time, and a monthly OMH of Rp 7,945,622, with an efficiency of 39.32%.

This study aims to analyze the representation of culture and myth in the film "KKN di Desa Penari" (Community Service in Dancer Village) using Jean Baudrillard's hyperreality perspective. This film's phenomenon is not merely entertainment but also demonstrates the blurring of the boundaries between reality and fiction in modern society. The method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach through a search of scientific sources from 2022–2025. The results show that the representation of culture and myth in film has undergone a transformation into simulacra, a form of representation that no longer reflects reality but instead replaces it. Mystical elements in film tend to be constructed as aesthetic and dramatic visual elements, thus shifting sacred meanings to mere entertainment. Furthermore, the incorporation of magical realism reinforces the experience of hyperreality, making it difficult for viewers to distinguish between fact and fiction. The role of mass media and social media also reinforces this process through the collective production and reproduction of meaning. This study also found a tendency towards stereotypical gender representation, particularly in the depiction of female characters. Thus, the media not only represents reality but also plays an active role in shaping and even replacing social reality in society.

This study examines the reproduction of social inequality in education through the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu within a critical sociology perspective. The background of this research is rooted in the persistent gap in educational access, participation, and achievement among students from different social classes, which indicates that education does not always function as a tool for social mobility. The objective of this study is to analyze how mechanisms such as habitus, cultural capital, social capital, and the educational field contribute to sustaining inequality. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis within an educational setting characterized by diverse socio-economic backgrounds. The findings reveal that students from higher socio-economic backgrounds tend to possess dominant cultural capital and habitus that align with institutional expectations, giving them a significant advantage in academic achievement. Conversely, students from lower socio-economic backgrounds face structural and symbolic barriers that limit their opportunities. The study also finds that educational practices, including teaching methods and evaluation systems, implicitly favor certain groups, thereby reinforcing inequality. The implications of this research highlight the need for more inclusive educational policies and practices that recognize diverse forms of capital and promote equal opportunities for all students. Ultimately, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how education functions as a site of social reproduction rather than merely a neutral institution.  

Flooding in Aceh has become a recurring phenomenon that cannot be understood solely as a natural disaster but also as a result of human activities within modern society. This study aims to analyze flooding in Aceh through the perspective of Ulrich Beck’s risk society theory, focusing on how modernization, environmental change, and development policies contribute to the production of risk. This research uses a literature review approach by examining scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026 from indexed national and international journals. The analysis was conducted thematically to identify patterns, similarities, and research gaps. The findings show that natural factors such as high rainfall and atmospheric conditions act as primary triggers, while human activities including land-use change, river sedimentation, and ineffective policies significantly intensify flood risks. Flooding is therefore categorized as a manufactured risk produced by modern development processes. In addition, the impacts are not limited to ecological damage but also affect social and psychological conditions of society. These results indicate that floods should be understood not only from a technical perspective but also from a social perspective. The study implies that flood management requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental sustainability, social awareness, and evidence-based policy to reduce both the impact and sources of risk in a sustainable manner.

The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped modern society, in particular influencing how young individuals express their identities through fashion. The choice of clothing goes beyond mere practical functions, becoming a symbol of social status and values as young people attempt to adapt to rapidly changing trends, driven largely by digital platforms such as social media. These phenomena have simultaneously led to alarming waste production and environmental degradation, reflecting the mismatch between modern lifestyles and theological mandates on the management of creation. The fast-paced fashion industry, characterized by rapid production cycles and high consumerism, exacerbates the ecological crisis by generating large amounts of textile waste and contributing to detrimental practices in global supply chains. The study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing literature research to analyze relevant literature and synthesize findings into meaningful discourse. Ultimately, it advocates a transformative catechesis that integrates ecological awareness into the formation of young people's faith, leveraging digital spaces to advocate for simplicity and community engagement in sustainable practices. The challenges faced in fostering this ecological awareness include the prevalence of a culture of instant gratification and the gap between knowledge and action, which hinders the alignment of belief with action. Theological reflection further emphasizes the spiritual implications of consumer behavior, placing ecological responsibility as a fundamental aspect of authentic expression of faith. Based on these insights, this paper underscores the importance for the Church to be proactively involved in the fight for ecological preservation, recognizing that true faith is manifested through tangible actions that honor the divine creation.

Machines, Materials and Manpower are the three main elements in production, if one of them is lacking it will affect productivity at work, so that the production output results will also be affected by the lack of these three elements. The workforce in a company must be considered in terms of welfare at work so that there is no spike in employee turnover rates. Turnover is the process of leaving a company's workforce due to several factors. Employee turnover greatly affects productivity at work, if the workforce in a company is lacking, then the production output figure will also decrease, this greatly affects the company's income later and will reduce consumer confidence. In this study, it focuses on the intensity of employee turnover at PT. XYZ located in Brebes, there are several factors causing employee turnover, including low income, the presence of many factories close to where employees live. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in the form of direct interviews with employees at PT. XYZ.

This community engagement initiative was prompted by students’ limited understanding of how to package local content into educational products with economic value, as well as the suboptimal integration of entrepreneurial values into teaching. The aim of this initiative is to foster an entrepreneurial spirit among students through edupreneurship, developed in the form of an exhibition based on local product. The method employed was the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, which involved students as active participants in the training, production, and marketing of local products, as well as in the organisation of the exhibition. The activity began with training on the basic concepts of edupreneurship, product packaging, and marketing strategies. The exhibition showcased various creative products such as food & beverage, eco bodycare, eco living style, and fashion accesories featuring local product motifs. This activity successfully enhanced students’ capacity for critical thinking, innovation, and productive collaboration. An entrepreneurship talk show held concurrently further strengthened students’ motivation and entrepreneurial insights. The results of the activity demonstrated that the management  exhibition effectively served as a medium for transforming local product such as food & beverage, eco bodycare, ecoliving style, fashion accesories learning into a contextual, practical, and economically valuable experience through the edupreneurship approach.

National milkfish aquaculture production in 2024 reached 792,864 tons, highlighting the strategic role of this commodity in supporting the economy of coastal communities. central java,as one of the main contributors, has significant potential for pond development, including in Ujungwatu Village, Jepara Regency. However, pond management still faces challenges regarding human resource (HR) quality and the optimal utilization of technology. This community service program aims to enhance students’ capacity through outreach and training on Internet of Things (IoT)-based milkfish pond development as an effort to strengthen HR at the Sidomaju 2 SME. Implementation methods include the stages of observation and problem identification, work program planning, WebGIS design, IoT outreach and implementation, and evaluation. The materials covered included an introduction to IoT concepts based on ESP8266, pond monitoring, milkfish feed management, and the implementation of WebGIS as a digital mapping system for the Kalingga milkfish ponds.The activity was attended by 20 students from MA NU Ujungwatu and was conducted in a participatory manner through experiential learning. The results of the activity demonstrated an increase in students’ understanding of the application of technology in milkfish farming, as well as heightened awareness of the importance of efficient and sustainable pond management. The main output of the program is the Kalingga Milkfish Pond WebGIS, which can be utilized as a digital medium for education and monitoring of pond areas. This program contributes to improving students’ technological literacy while supporting the strengthening of pond operational systems based on digital innovation.