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The purpose of this study is to assess the computational thinking skills of fourth-grade elementary students within the framework of mathematics instruction. Computational thinking is a crucial 21st-century competency that should be cultivated from an early age, particularly in solving mathematical problems. This study adopts a descriptive quantitative method using a written test instrument developed based on four key computational thinking components: decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic processes. The participants in this research were fourth-grade students from a selected elementary school. The results indicate that most students demonstrate a moderate level of computational thinking. Among the assessed indicators, decomposition was the most successfully achieved, while algorithmic thinking was the least mastered. These results highlight the importance of integrating contextual and problem-based learning strategies to further enhance students’ computational thinking abilities in mathematics education.

This study aims to determine the effect of learning using problem-based learning strategies on student learning outcomes on environmental change material at Teladan Batu Bara Madrasah Aliyah. This research is a type of quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design selected by Nonequavalent pretest posttest control group design. The research population was class X IPA Madrasah Akiyah Exemplary and the sample of this study was Class X IPA 1 with a total of 35 students as the experimental class, and X IPA 2 with a total of 35 students as the control class. The instrument in this study was in the form of a test in the form of multiple choice questions of 30 items. Data analysis of student learning outcomes using the t-test formula, also with the help of SPSS version 25 data processing. Data analysis of student learning outcomes with the results of calculating the relative learning outcomes shows that the experimental class using problem-based learning strategies is higher than the control class. The prerequisite test proved that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of simple linear regression test calculations show sig < 0.005, 0.000 problems < 0.05, this means that there is an influence from the problem- based learning system on student learning outcomes. The conclusions in this study explain that there is an effect of using problem-based learning strategies on student learning outcomes.

The background of this research is that not all students can understand this problem-based learning, and also not all students are able to think actively in solving problems that occur. Students are less enthusiastic in participating in learning and students who play around or don't focus on learning. From the problems that exist, the researcher is interested in studying the application of problem-based learning in Islamic Religious Education Class X at SMAN 1 Kapur IX District and its inhibiting factors. This study aims to find out how the application of this problem-based learning strategy and its inhibiting factors. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research that describes problem-based learning strategies in Islamic Religious Education Class X at SMAN 1 Kapur IX District. In collecting data researchers used observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze it, the researcher uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the research conducted, the authors found that Islamic Religious Education teachers apply problem-based learning strategies starting from teacher planning in preparing lessons by making lesson plans which serve as teacher guidelines in teaching and learning activities carried out in the classroom. The application of problem-based learning strategies is carried out through three activities, namely preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities. The activity starts from the teacher entering the class by greeting, conditioning the class and then praying together after that the teacher explains the indicators and learning objectives. The core activities of student learning are given related to learning problems then students will observe and find solutions to the problems that occur. Closing activities at the end with the teacher and concluding student lessons, giving assignments and praying together. The inhibiting factors found were time allocation, students who were less able to solve problems that occurred and students playing games during learning.