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The problem lies in the quality of the umbrella nails for asbestos or zinc roofs which often experience damage to the nail head is not large enough, the tip of the nail is blunt, thus damaging the roof material, and susceptibility to corrosion due to weather, and slow manual production. The purpose of making is to obtain umbrella nails with a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 2.5 mm which are strong, pointed tips, relatively fast. The manufacturing method includes: making cylindrical umbrella pieces from 2 mm thick aluminum with a diameter of 25 mm and a 1.5 mm hole center, selecting raw materials for low carbon steel wire, AISI 1020 in the form of a 3 mm diameter coil, straightening and reducing the cross-section of wire using a die (wire drawing),, forming the nail head (cold heading), mechanically cutting the pointed end, forming the nail umbrella from cylindrical pieces that have been inserted with 50 mm long nails and pressed, immersing the umbrella nails in 500oC zinc liquid (galvanizing) for 2 minutes, checking dimensions and quality standards. The manufacturing results are in the form of strong zinc-coated thumbtacks measuring 50 mm in length, 2.5 mm in diameter, 1.2 mm in thickness of the thumbtack plate, total production cost of IDR 340/unit, and process duration of 12 seconds/unit, which implies that the need for strong and corrosion-resistant thumbtacks can be met for various related engineering needs.

Bullying is a serious problem that can disrupt the learning process and mental development of students, including in Islamic boarding schools. Early detection of bullying is essential to creating a safe and conducive learning environment. This study aims to apply the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to automatically detect bullying through video recordings in the environment of the SMK Skill Village Islamic School Business Boarding School. The method used involves collecting a video dataset representing various types of bullying behavior, labeling the data, and training an object detection model using the YOLOv5 algorithm. The developed system is capable of detecting and classifying bullying behavior in real- time with detection accuracy reaching [accuracy value if known]. The implementation of this system is expected to assist school authorities and boarding school administrators in monitoring, preventing, and addressing bullying incidents more quickly and effectively, while also serving as an initial step in leveraging artificial intelligence technology to create a safer and more comfortable educational environment.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

Gesture  recognition  technology  is  used  to  detect  movements  through  image processing,   enabling  computers  or digital devices to understand and interpret human  body  movements  as  input  or  commands.   This  technology  has  great potential  to bridge communication between the deaf community and individuals without   hearing   impairments,    enhancing  interaction  and  enriching  mutual understanding between the two.  However,  the accuracy ofgesture recognition is often  affected  by variations in the distance between hand landmarks.  Based on this problem,  this research proposes a methodfor stabilizing the measurement of distances between landmark points  in gesture recognition through a polynomial regression  approach.   Specifically,   the  distance  between  hand  landmarks  is calculated and stabilized using polynomial  regression to improve the accuracy of gesture recognition.  This method is implemented using the MediaPipeframework to detect and track hands in real-time,  and the OpenCV library to manage video. The  research  results  show  that  this  approach  can  significantly  improve  the stability  and accuracy  of gesture detection.   The developed system successfully detects gestures for  letters A  through F with a high accuracy  rate,  averaging above 98,3%.  The use ofpolynomial regression helps enhance detection accuracy by reducing noise in the landmark data.

Computers in one of the network companies at PT. Estrada uses the Fortinet operating system. The final result expected through this implementation is to comprehensively see the capabilities of the firewall on Fortinet in overcoming the problem of blocking social media applications and streaming platforms during working hours. Blocking the application in question is the ability to filter web processes such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc. In the tests carried out, web filtering was able to block applications on social media and streaming platforms, which proves that the performance of web filtering is quite good. In analyzing web filtering performance, use the office hour rule tool by carrying out the rule schedule in the Fortinet network and displaying all the information in detail. The final result obtained in the network application filtering simulation process using Fortinet is that every network sent cannot be entered (blocked) on both social media applications and streaming platforms.

The physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, both physically and mentally, may be rather uncomfortable, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Pregnant women often report back discomfort, muscular aches, trouble sleeping, excessive exhaustion, and irregular sleep patterns. Mothers' physical and mental health as well as the health of their unborn children may be significantly impacted by inadequate sleep quality during pregnancy. To enhance comfort and the quality of sleep during pregnancy, one non-pharmacological technique is to use an aromatherapy maternity pillow. An ergonomic and ecologically sustainable invention to enhance mother comfort during pregnancy was the goal of this research, which intended to produce a Pregnancy Pillow Therapy product with pineapple leaf fiber and aromatherapy. A descriptive research design using a prototype creation technique was used in this study. The stages of the research included problem identification, literature review, product design, material selection, prototype manufacturing, and product evaluation. Data were collected through literature studies and observations related to sleep discomfort in pregnancy, maternity pillow utilization, aromatherapy therapy, and pineapple leaf fiber characteristics. The developed product was designed ergonomically to support the back, abdomen, waist, and legs of pregnant women. The addition of aromatherapy was intended to provide a relaxing effect and improve sleep quality. The use of pineapple leaf fiber also supports environmentally friendly product innovation through agricultural waste utilization. The results indicate that Pregnancy Pillow Therapy has the potential to become a supportive product for improving comfort and sleep quality among pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to evaluate product effectiveness directly among pregnant women.

Sleep duration and sleep quality are essential physiological needs that play a significant role in the emotional and behavioral development of children aged 3–6 years. Adequate sleep supports brain development, cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and social interaction skills in early childhood. Conversely, poor sleep duration and low sleep quality may negatively affect children’s attention, mood stability, and ability to interact socially with peers and caregivers. This article is a literature review using a systematic review approach that analyzes 10 scientific articles published between 2016–2026 to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram, with articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The findings consistently indicate that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in social interaction among children. Furthermore, sleep disturbances were found to negatively influence children’s emotional self-regulation abilities, which are crucial for adaptive behavior. Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are important strategies to support optimal emotional and behavioral development in preschool-aged children.

The development of the digital economy has driven increased customer interaction through online chat services, making customer satisfaction a key factor in business success. Response speed and chat service quality are two important aspects in shaping the customer experience, but previous research has tended to examine them separately. This study aims to analyze the influence of online chat services and response speed on customer satisfaction partially and simultaneously. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature review of 12 scientific articles from 2020–2025 obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar and SINTA. The analysis technique used is descriptive-critical through the identification, comparison, and synthesis of previous research findings. The results show that online chat services have a positive effect on customer satisfaction, primarily through interaction quality such as information accuracy, ease of use, and problem-solving ability. Response speed has also proven to be an important determinant, where a fast response significantly increases customer satisfaction. However, speed without quality has the potential to decrease satisfaction. The discussion shows that the two variables have a complementary and inseparable relationship. Online chat services function as a medium for interaction, while response speed is a quality attribute that determines the effectiveness of the service. Therefore, the integration of both in one model is the main contribution of this research in filling the literature gap, especially in the context of e-commerce in Indonesia.

Flooding is one of the most frequent disasters in DKI Jakarta and contributes not only to physical and economic losses but also to the emergence of various psychological problems among affected communities. This study aims to analyze the psychological impacts of post-flood disasters, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly, and to examine the effects of repeated flood exposure on mental health conditions. This study employs a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the identification and synthesis of relevant scientific sources. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in research findings. The results indicate that flooding is associated with psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with varying levels of severity. Repeated exposure to flooding has been shown to increase individuals’ vulnerability to mental health problems and reduce psychological well-being. However, protective factors such as social support, religiosity, emotional regulation abilities, and adaptive coping strategies play a significant role in strengthening resilience and accelerating psychological recovery. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic disaster management approach that integrates mental health services, strengthens community capacity, and enhances preparedness education to improve the psychological resilience of flood-affected communities.

The observation of guidance and counseling activities was conducted at SDN 2 Pasaleman, located in Pasaleman Village, Kresna Street, Dusun Pon. This study aimed to identify the problems faced by students and to examine the role of teachers in implementing guidance and counseling services at the elementary school level. Data were collected through direct observation in the school environment and interviews with homeroom teachers. The results indicated several student-related issues, including verbal bullying such as teasing, low learning motivation, fighting behavior among lower-grade students, and a tendency to skip school among upper-grade students. These issues were influenced by peer environments, limited supervision, and low awareness of the importance of education. Teachers have made various efforts, including providing guidance, applying individual approaches, and maintaining communication with parents. Additionally, character values are integrated into daily learning activities. In general, guidance and counseling services have been implemented, but further improvement in more systematic strategies and broader support is still required.

The era of digital disruption has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including Islamic education. Islamic educational institutions face various challenges, such as limited digital literacy among educators, minimal use of technology in the learning process, disparities in access to digital infrastructure, and challenges in maintaining Islamic values ​​amidst the flow of information globalization. Furthermore, the changing character of students, who are increasingly familiar with technology, demands innovation in learning methods and media. This study aims to identify the various challenges facing Islamic educational institutions in the era of digital disruption and formulate relevant adaptation strategies. The method used is a literature review analyzing various related scientific sources. The results of the study indicate that possible adaptation strategies include improving educators' digital competencies, integrating technology into the curriculum, strengthening character based on Islamic values, and developing flexible and innovative digital-based learning systems. Thus, Islamic educational institutions are expected to survive and develop adaptively without losing their identity and core values.

The increasing complexity of urban transportation systems demands intelligent and measurable navigation methods. Medan City, the capital of North Sumatra Province, has a dense road network with multiple route options that often confuse road users. Dijkstra's Algorithm, developed by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra in 1959, is a greedy-based computational approach proven effective for solving the shortest path problem on non-negative weighted graphs. This study applies Dijkstra's Algorithm to determine the shortest route from Medan Railway Station to Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED). The road network was modeled as an undirected weighted graph with 15 nodes and 16 edges, where edge weights represent actual road distances measured via Google Maps. The graph has a density of 0.152, confirming its sparse graph characteristic. Three alternative routes were identified and analyzed. The algorithm was implemented in Python 3 using the heapq module as a priority queue. Results show that the optimal route is A → B → C → E → F → M → N → O via Jl. M.T. Haryono, Jl. Aipda KS Tubun, Jl. Madong Lubis, and Jl. Prof. H.M. Yamin, with a total distance of 6.64 km. This achieves 99.1% accuracy compared to Google Maps, with a deviation of only 0.06 km. The optimal route is 6.25% more efficient than Alternative Route 1 (7.30 km) and 11.9% more efficient than Alternative Route 2 (7.54 km). The algorithm executes in under 1 millisecond with time complexity O((V+E) log V). These findings confirm Dijkstra's Algorithm as highly effective for medium-scale urban road network optimization.

The Operational Aspect in Islam emphasizes that production activities must benefit humanity or be related to meeting human needs. For example, the selection of raw materials should not come from haram sources, the production process should be free from activities prohibited by Sharia, production should not be excessive, and there should be no waste. The Islamic view on human resources emphasizes that all workers are huan beings, not robots or business tools. A A Business Feasibility Study refers to an analysis of a business plan, both prior to its implementation and once the business is operating on a regular basis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the operational aspects and human resource management within the feasibility study of the Islamic-based convection business, Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan. This research employs a qualitative approach. The data were collected through field research, which involves conducting the study directly at the site where the phenomena related to the research problem occur. The techniques applied for data collection include observation, interviews, and documentation The result of this study indicate that the Brand 57 Busana pekalongan is feasible in terms of operational and human resource management aspects from a Sharia businesss feasibility study perspective because it has chosen a strategic location, good product quality, adequate production capacity, and technology utilization. In addition, the brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convection is deemed permissible for operational production activities from an Islamic perspective, such as production activities based on Islamic values and Maqashid Syariah. In the implementation of human resources management, the Brand 57 Busana Pekalongan convention has implemented job descriptions, a Muslim work ethic, a fair and decent salary distribution system.

Dijkstra's algorithm is one of the algorithms in graph theory that is used to solve the problem of the shortest path of a graph at each vertex that has a non-negative value. This algorithm was discovered by Edsger Wybe Dijkstra, a scientist from the Netherlands. The search for the shortest route for product delivery can be calculated through the application of the Dijkstra algorithm in the problem being faced. The problem of decision making for selecting the shortest route is still manual, so it experiences several obstacles, including the absence of a systematic and computerized system to assist the decision-making process in determining the route for shipping goods, the determination of shipping routes still depends on manual estimates so that the time taken between deliveries becomes inconsistent, the operational costs of shipping are relatively high because there is no optimal route determination system. Facing these problems, a system is needed that can minimize delays and increase effectiveness in shipping goods, namely determining the shortest route using the Dijkstra algorithm. This system works by finding various alternative routes for shipping goods at PT AMSA to address various structured and unstructured problems using data and models. To process this data and models, a method called the Dijkstra algorithm is required. Based on the description above, researchers will create a method for determining the shortest route for shipping goods at PT AMSA using the Dijkstra algorithm to facilitate the company's process of determining the shortest route.

The development of Islamic banking activities in Indonesia currently is not matched by adequate understanding among students, particularly regarding the rights and obligations of customers, Sharia contract literacy, and consumer protection mechanisms. This Community Service Activity aims to enhance the understanding of Muara Bungo University students regarding customer rights and obligations, complaint procedures, basic sharia contract literacy, prevention of detrimental service practices, and the resolution process for sharia banking consumer disputes. The activity was attended by 50 students from all faculties and department, conducted using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach through the stages of problem identification, planning, implementation with interactive lecture methods, and evaluation. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in understanding, marked by the growing awareness of participants regarding the rights and obligations of customers, understanding of Islamic banking contracts, as well as the ability to comprehend consumer protection concepts and the dispute resolution process effectively. Consumer protection literacy education has proven to have a positive impact on students in preparing themselves to face the banking world, both in the context of employment and business in the future.

Until now, truancy behavior is still frequently found among students during school hours. This behavior is caused by various factors, such as waking up late, staying up too late at night, feeling tired or sleepy, vehicle problems such as flat tires, lack of motivation to go to school, and other reasons. This problem has become an important concern for school counselors in providing assistance, one of which is through individual counseling services. Students’ participation in the learning process greatly affects the smoothness of learning and the results achieved at school. If truancy behavior continues to be ignored, it can lead to more serious impacts and even increase the risk of students dropping out of school. Therefore, school counselors have an important role in helping overcome this problem with support from students, subject teachers, and parents. One method that can be applied is individual counseling using the behavior contract technique. This technique aims to help students change negative behavior into more disciplined behavior so that truancy habits can be reduced and not repeated again. This study used a qualitative method with interview techniques for data collection. The results of the study showed that individual counseling services using the behavior contract technique were effective in helping overcome truancy behavior among students.

This study analyzes normative conflicts in the evolution of local government regulations from Law No. 22 of 1999 to Law No. 23 of 2014, along with the changes following the Job Creation Law. The research background is grounded in the phenomenon of policy pendulum swings, which indicate a shift from radical decentralization toward structured centralization, as well as the disruptions caused by the omnibus law approach. The research aims to identify and classify vertical and horizontal normative conflicts and formulate recommendations for regulatory harmonization. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, employing Hans Kelsen’s theory of antinomy as an analytical tool. The research findings identified two main forms of normative conflict: first, a vertical conflict between Law No. 22/1999, which advocates for the broadest possible autonomy, and Law No. 23/2014, which strengthens central control through the concepts of absolute affairs and NSPK, creating a paradox of centralization within decentralization. Second, a horizontal conflict following the Job Creation Law, which centralizes regional licensing authority through the OSS system and revives Article 251 regarding the annulment of regional regulations that have been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court. The implications of this research recommend revising problematic articles and strengthening the role of regions within a just decentralization system.

Rapid urban growth is often linked to the narrative of sustainable development, yet the reality is that fundamental issues remain in the management of urban waste. This paper aims to examine the gap between the concept of a sustainable city and sub-optimal waste management practices. Through a normative legal approach involving an analysis of legislation and relevant literature, it has been found that the implementation of waste management policies continues to face various challenges, such as weak law enforcement, a lack of policy integration, and low levels of public participation. On the other hand, the use of the label ‘sustainable city’ tends to be symbolic and does not yet reflect comprehensive practices. This paper positions the issue of waste as a key indicator in assessing urban sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in its critical approach, which links the discourse on sustainability with the contextual realities of waste management, thereby offering a more reflective and distinct perspective from previous studies.

A MSMEs in Indonesia has recently contributed to national exports by 15,7%  compared with Thailand that has reached 29 %, so substantial revision are required to make sure that increasing contribution which ultimately will give positive impact toward the economy overall, because almost 90 % of human resource work in MSMEs sector with nature resource and other plentiful resources. The main problem that is commonly found by MSMEs is to optimize the available resources as well as fulfill the required standards that have established and required regulation in order to ensure the resulting product is accepted by the market and to comply with the regulation that has been established by the regulator. Indonesia as the second biggest country in the world has biodiversity certainly offers benefits that hard to imitate by other country in producing biopharmaceutical plants product, therefore it offers competitive potential in the global market, however market penetration by MSMEs biopharmaceutical plants sector commonly discontinued regarding with technical barriers to trade (TBT). This study is based on a case study that aims to analyze main challenges in fulfillment of international certification and to formulate adaptation strategy for MSMEs. By conducting through a descriptive qualitative method with case study approaches, the result of study indicates that high compliance costs,  registration procedural complexity from the source and destination country, as well as the inconsistency of raw material quality became the main barriers. The proposed strategy including group certification model, CPOTB standard harmonization, and the utilization of integrated government assistance schemes will provide real contribution in assisting MSMEs fulfilling global market requirements.

This research examines digital charity practices within Christian media communication on YouTube, focusing on two distinct donation formats: marapthon live stream donations (e.g., 24‑hour fundraising events) and sermon‑based donations (offerings collected during or after online worship services). Despite the rapid growth of faith‑based online giving, a critical problem remains: the absence of an integrated system that aligns these two donation models with Christian values of transparency, accountability, and community stewardship. Existing platforms often treat live marapthon and sermon donations separately, leading to fragmented donor experiences and inefficient fund utilization. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework for an integrated digital charity system by comparatively analyzing media communication strategies in both donation contexts. The proposed method is a netnographic comparative analysis, involving systematic observation of YouTube comments, chat logs, and video descriptions from 10 Christian channels (5 marapthon‑focused, 5 sermon‑focused) over six months, supplemented by semi‑structured interviews with content creators and donors. The main findings reveal that marapthon donations emphasize urgency and real‑time social proof, while sermon donations rely on theological framing and pastoral trust. The synthesis proposes a hybrid system architecture incorporating real‑time donation tracking, automated acknowledgment, and weekly theological reflection modules. In conclusion, integrating both models into a single development framework enhances donor engagement and aligns digital charity with Christian communication ethics, offering practical guidelines for church‑based YouTubers and platform developers.