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Low back pain is one of the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester, as a result of various physiological, hormonal, and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Changes in posture, weight gain, and shifts in the center of gravity contribute to the development of this condition. This study aims to examine various non-pharmacological interventions that can be used to reduce low back pain in pregnant women and to analyze the role of midwives in implementing these interventions in midwifery practice. The method employed is a narrative literature review synthesizing ten verified and relevant studies, particularly those discussing prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise as forms of non-pharmacological intervention. The results indicate that the implementation of prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise is effective in reducing the intensity of low back pain, improving muscle flexibility and strength, and providing physical and psychological relaxation for pregnant women. In addition, these interventions contribute to increased comfort and improved quality of life during pregnancy. The findings of this study support the importance of evidence-based midwifery practice and highlight the active role of midwives in providing education, assistance, and empowerment for pregnant women through the application of safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions.

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a problem that is often experienced by pregnant women and is complex because it involves not only physical changes, but also psychological aspects. Changes in body biomechanics, weight gain, and shifting of the center of gravity due to uterine enlargement are the main factors that trigger pain complaints, especially in the lower back area. This condition can have a negative impact on the quality of life of pregnant women, interfere with daily activities, and even worsen emotional states due to the emergence of anxiety, fear, and stress if not managed properly. Treatment of back pain in pregnant women can be done through safe non-pharmacological methods, one of which is prenatal yoga. Yoga practice for pregnant women has been proven to provide benefits in the form of relaxation, posture improvement, and increased muscle elasticity. One of the effective movements is the Angry Cat Pose because it is able to stretch the back muscles, improve blood circulation, and reduce pressure on the lower spine. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect  of Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the intensity of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 31 pregnant women in the third trimester with complaints of back pain who visited the Gunungpati Health Center. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of <0.05. Results: The results showed a significant effect of the Angry Cat Pose  exercise on the reduction of back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester with p=0.000. After the intervention, the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in pain to the mild category on a scale of 1–3. Conclusion: The Angry Cat Pose  exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing back pain in third trimester pregnant women, so it can be recommended as a safe, simple, and routine nonpharmacological intervention under the supervision of health workers.

Pregnancy is one of the most important stages in a woman's life, accompanied by various physiological, psychological, and social changes. This period not only affects the mother's health but also plays a crucial role in the growth and development of the fetus. To adapt to these changes, a holistic approach is needed to support the physical and mental health of pregnant women. One form of non-pharmacological intervention that is increasingly gaining popularity is prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga is an adaptation of classical yoga tailored to the physical condition of pregnant women, with movements performed in a gentler and slower manner. The core principle of prenatal yoga is the application of breathing techniques performed with full awareness. Prenatal yoga exercises are known to improve the health of pregnant women. This study aims to examine the effects of prenatal yoga on reducing stress levels in pregnant women through an analysis of relevant literature. The results indicate that prenatal yoga is effective in reducing stress levels, improving posture, and providing relaxation benefits for the mental health of pregnant womenPrenatal Yoga

Pregnancy is divided into three stages: the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. During pregnancy, the body undergoes various changes that can cause discomfort. Common discomforts experienced by pregnant women include varicose veins, back pain, muscle and joint aches, and lower back pain. These discomforts can be alleviated through pregnancy exercise (prenatal yoga or maternity gymnastics). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center. The research design used was descriptive quantitative. The population consisted of 35 pregnant women in May 2025, with a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that 36 respondents (50.0%) had moderate knowledge, 25 respondents (34.7%) had poor knowledge, and 11 respondents (15.3%) had good knowledge about pregnancy exercise. Overall, most pregnant women had a moderate level of knowledge. Based on the Spearman Rank statistical test with a 95% confidence level, the P-value was 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center.

Women who experience anxiety during pregnancy will experience more abnormal labor and can even be complicated by maternal and fetal death. Psychological conditions with anxiety and depression in pregnant women will affect the emergence of diseases and complications of pregnancy and childbirth, both in the mother and the baby. Anxiety in pregnancy has been proven to be reduced through physical exercise. One of the recommended physical exercises is yoga because it is low cost, easy to do and very beneficial for physical and psychological fitness. Yoga in pregnancy is more effective in reducing anxiety and depression, because in yoga in addition to doing physical exercise, pregnant women are equipped with positive affirmations so that mothers can accept physiological changes during pregnancy and childbirth.The general objective of this activity is that pregnant women at PMB Sri Rejeki DH Jabung Tanon Plupuh Sragen understand and can do prenatal yoga independently. The method of this activity is carried out by lecture, namely the method used as an introduction to provide knowledge about prenatal yoga for pregnant women in Trimester III and with discussion and questions and answers, as well as practice or demonstration of prenatal yoga for pregnant women. The media used is a poster of prenatal yoga for pregnant women in Trimester III. The conclusion of the community service activity is that pregnant women have understood about prenatal yoga to reduce anxiety levels in facing the labor process. This can be seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test, where before the counseling and practice of prenatal yoga, pregnant women did not understand several things about prenatal yoga by 40%. However, after the counseling, pregnant women became more knowledgeable about prenatal yoga, namely 90%. The results of this community service activity are that pregnant women can do prenatal yoga independently at home, where before the prenatal yoga training, pregnant women were not able to do prenatal yoga independently. Some pregnant women have reduced their anxiety after doing prenatal yoga with several independent implementations at home, with the help of prenatal yoga videos.

During pregnancy, a woman must be able to adapt to various physical changes that often occur and can cause uncomfortable conditions, such as back pain which begins to be felt in the second and third trimesters. If this condition is not treated immediately, it can cause anxiety and disruption to the pregnant woman's activities. As a way to reduce complaints of back pain, pregnant women can do prenatal gentle yoga exercises. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of prenatal yoga in reducing pain in the lower back of pregnant women at the Ngletih Community Health Center, Kediri City. Research method: This research adopted a quantitative design with a Pre-Experimental design, using the One Group Pretest-Posttest method. The sample of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters was 31 respondents. The sampling method involved Total Sampling and the use of a pain level measuring tool with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test. Research Results: Before carrying out prenatal yoga exercises, the majority of pregnant women felt lower back pain on a mild scale, the number of respondents was 17 (54.8%). After doing prenatal yoga exercises twice in 2 weeks, the majority of pregnant women no longer felt back pain, the number of respondents was 18 pregnant women (58%). The p-value of the analysis using the Wilcoxon test is 0.000.

Pregnancy is a physiological process and can be pathologically risky if there are changes in blood pressure and DJJ. Therefore, to maintain stable blood pressure or DJJ, prenatal yoga is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on blood pressure and DJJ. This research method is a quasi-experimental design using a one group pretest posttest design. Sampling of 50 respondents, using an observation sheet. The results of the study showed that the majority were aged 20-35 years as many as 43 respondents (86.0%), the majority of multigravida parity as many as 42 respondents (84.0%). Analysis of the average blood pressure pre-test 91.430 and post-test 84.810. In DJJ, the average pre-test was 144.48 and post-test 135.54, before being given prenatal yoga intervention showed MAP in the pre-hypertension category and DJJ in the normal category, then after being given intervention showed MAP and DJJ in the normal category. The conclusion of the statistical test using the paired sample t test obtained a MAP P-Value of 0.000 or P-Value ? 0.05 and for DJJ P-Value 0.000 or P-Value ? 0.05, namely Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that there is an effect of prenatal yoga on Blood Pressure and DJJ. Suggestions for further researchers to be able to add variables by involving her husband.

Childbirth is a series of physiological processes that will allow some major changes in a mother to be able to give birth to her baby through the birth canal. The occurrence of perineal stiffness can actually be prepared for and anticipated, starting in early pregnancy. Preparations that can be made include doing physical exercises such as pregnant yoga. Prenatal yoga is very useful for pregnant women, especially to overcome complaints during pregnancy, reduce anxiety, improve sleep quality, and prepare physically for the labor process by training pelvic floor muscles to be stronger and more elastic so as to facilitate labor. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of prenatal gentle yoga on the incidence of perineal lacerations in maternity mothers in the working area of the Ngletih Health Center, Kediri Regency, in 2024. In this study, we used the quasi-experimental research method with a post-test control design. The sample used in this study was mothers who gave birth from January to April 2024, which was distinguished between the control group and the treatment group. The results of the study obtained were the influence of pregnant yoga on the incidence of perineal lacerations in maternity women, with ρ values of 0.000 < α 0.05 and significant differences in lacerations of degrees 1 and 3. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that pregnant yoga is very effective in preparing the elasticity of the perineal muscles so that it can help prevent the rupture of the delivery process.  

One of the complaints that are often experienced by pregnant women is sleep disorders. Sleep disorders that occur in pregnant women are a reduction in sleep duration. According to a 2012 survey by the National Sleep Foundation, about 78% of pregnant women in America have trouble sleeping. While in Indonesia 97% of pregnant women experience sleep disorders in the third trimester. The purpose of this study is to determine the evaluation of the implementation of prenatal yoga with the quality of sleep of III trimester pregnant women at the Olive Sahabat Bunda Clinic. This research method is a quantitative research type of descriptive analytical research design used is one group pre test post test design. The number of samples used was 30 respondents. The variables of the study were prenatal yoga and sleep quality. The measuring instrument or instrument in this study was the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results of this study showed that before prenatal yoga, 23 respondents (23.3%) had poor sleep quality at night and only 7 respondents (76.7%) had good sleep quality.

Background Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is the main indicator for assessing the success of maternal health programs because of its sensitivity to improving health services, both in terms of accessibility and quality. Acceleration in reducing MMR can be achieved by improving health services for pregnant women in prenatal yoga classes which have the benefit of improving maternal health, both physical, mental and emotional. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between maternal age, maternal employment and husband's support on maternal participation in prenatal yoga classes. Methode This research method is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The subjects were 42 primigravida. The sampling used was consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire list, then the data was processed using the Chi Square test. Result The results of the bivariate test using the chi square test showed that there was a significant relationship between husband's support (p value = 0.009), there was no significant relationship between mother's age (p value = 0.559) and mother's employment (p value = 0.525) with the participation of primigravida pregnant women in taking prenatal yoga classes. Conclussion Husband's support is associated with mother's participation in prenatal yoga classes.    

Pregnancy is a physiological process that occurs due to the process of growth and development of a fetus. During the development of pregnancy there will be physical and mental changes. One of the physical changes that occur during pregnancy is pregnant women experience complaints of back pain, especially in III trimester. Efforts to reduce back pain in third trimester pregnant women are using prenatal yoga. This case study purpose to determine the effect of applying prenatal yoga on back pain in III trimester pregnant women. The method in this study is a case study on clients of III trimester pregnant women. Patients were measured with OPQRSUV and used NRS instrument to determine pain scale before and after prenatal yoga intervention. The intervention was carried out for 3 days with 15-30 minutes every session. The results of this case study showed that prenatal yoga intervention in pregnant women can reduce the level of back pain from scale 4 to scale 2 within 3 days intervention. The implication of this case study is prenatal yoga which consists of 6 effective movements to help reduce the scale of pain in III trimester pregnant women because it can relax the body of pregnant women.