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The IV infusion process will cause pain that can be disturbing for children. Pain is a form of uncomfortable sensation that is felt personally by each individual. In addition, there will be changes in vital signs such as increased pulse, blood pressure, and respiration so that it will be an unpleasant experience for children. Non-pharmacological therapy as an intervention to reduce pain perception in children and increase comfort during medical procedures. One form of non-pharmacological technique is audio visual distraction using a smart book. Smart books are fun and interactive play therapy that can support cognitive, fine motor, and sensory aspects in children and to divert children's attention from pain by displaying more pleasant and interesting images and musical sounds so that it can reduce the pain scale after IV installation. The design used in the preparation of this Final Scientific Paper for Nurses is a case study with an intervention in the form of audio visual distraction using a smart book for ± 10 minutes. The number of respondents was 3 people, the intervention was carried out on September 14, October 7, and November 24, 2025, located in the Theresia Charitas Hospital Palembang room. After the smart book audio visual distraction therapy, there was a decrease in the pain scale for 3 respondents, namely in An. A from a pain scale of 7 to a pain scale of 4, An. G from a pain scale of 10 to a pain scale of 4, and An. R from a pain scale of 7 to a pain scale of 4. The application of EBP smart book audio visual distraction therapy can be used to reduce the pain scale in preschoolers after IV installation.

Background: Preschool age, which is 4-6 years, is a crucial stage in child development. Delays in development and growth in children will have long-term impacts on their cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. Children's diet and parenting styles are greatly influenced by their growth and development. Objective: This study aims to examine how parenting styles and nutritional status are related to the development of preschool children. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and involved fifty parents of preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years. Total sampling was used as the sampling technique. To conduct bivariate analysis, researchers used the Spearman rank correlation test. PSDQ or Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire was used to collect data on parenting styles, Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST II) was used to assess child development, and Z scores were used to determine the child's nutritional status. Results: The majority of respondents indicated an authoritative (democratic) parenting style (88%), good nutritional status (88%), and normal child development (80%). There was a significant correlation between parenting style and child development, with p = 0.004 and r = 0.405. Meanwhile, for nutritional status and child development, the p value was 0.013 with r = 0.351. Conclusion: Nutritional status and democratic parenting style were significantly correlated with preschool children's development. Education on balanced parenting and nutrition needs to be strengthened through family-based nursing interventions.

This study aims to examine the biblical foundation in the learning of Bible-based preschool children with a contextual learning approach. The research method used is topical research, which focuses on developing education and learning that is relevant to daily life so that children more easily absorb material according to learning goals. The learning process starts from simple things to more complex things, according to the stage of early childhood development. The results of the study show that Bible-based preschool learning includes various activities, including: educating children with a biblical foundation, introducing the Bible through number ordering, arranging the biblical alphabet, combining letters into words, arranging words into biblical phrases, reading Bible texts, memorizing short golden verses, and learning activities such as coloring and listening to Bible stories. These findings confirm that Bible-based learning with a contextual approach can be an effective strategy in shaping the spiritual, cognitive, and character foundations of preschoolers, while instilling faith values from an early age.

The 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) shows that 1 in 4 Indonesian children suffers from stunting and 1 in 10 children suffers from malnutrition. Good nutrition is a crucial foundation for optimal growth and development, especially for those growing up in vulnerable environments. According to the WHO, stunting is a failure of growth and development experienced by children due to prolonged inadequate nutritional intake, recurrent infectious diseases, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. However, on the other hand, children who experience stunting are usually accompanied by developmental delays in various other organs, especially if malnutrition occurs during the first 1000 days of life (HPK). Stunting is defined as a child's length for age (PB/A) or height for age (H/A) that is lower than -2 standard deviations. Therefore, a child with stunting is definitely stunted, but a child who is stunted is not necessarily stunted. Stunting that occurs before a child is 2 years old is an indication of decreased cognitive abilities at a later age if not followed by adequate psychosocial stimulation, thus impacting academic or educational abilities later in life. Providing innovative education such as making moringa pudding is one way to present nutritious and creative food or drinks so that it can be accepted by kindergarten mothers who have toddlers and preschoolers. The content of moringa leaves is a food ingredient that has good nutritional value, especially for preventing stunting in children.

Fish plays a vital role in early childhood development due to its high nutritional value, yet consumption among preschoolers in Indonesia remains low. This study explores the effectiveness of combining hypnoparenting and storytelling as a complementary nursing strategy to promote fish consumption in young children. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group was used, involving 30 preschoolers divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a four-week intervention integrating hypnoparenting and storytelling, while the control group received standard education. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results showed a significant increase in fish consumption in the experimental group (p = 0.000), with no significant change in the control group (p = 0.102). The Mann-Whitney U test also confirmed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that integrating hypnoparenting and storytelling is an effective, family-centered complementary nursing approach to promote healthier eating habits. This innovative method offers potential in supporting preschool children’s nutrition and overall development through engaging and parent-involved strategies.

Excessive mucus or secretions in the lungs are a common symptom of bronchopneumonia in children. The buildup of thick phlegm will be difficult to expel and can block the child's respiratory tract. One way to relieve a blocked nose and thin phlegm is by mixing eucalyptus oil and hot water. The ability of eucalyptus oil to break down mucus is caused by cineole. The nursing student's final goal is to present a research synopsis on the use of hot steam therapy along with eucalyptus oil to clear the airways of ineffective bronchopneumonia in children. Using a case study design with three (3) respondents and a mixture of hot water steam and eucalyptus oil, this research uses case study techniques and a nursing process approach. Children aged between three and four years can benefit greatly from a treatment that involves inhaling eucalyptus oil vapors for ten to fifteen minutes to clear the respiratory tract and reduce the viscosity of mucus. The results of implementing the intervention showed that the average results for respondents were 1,2,3 pre-intervention, SpO2 98%, RR: 31x/m, rhonchi(-) R1:30, R2:30, R3:32. post intervention results showed SpO2: 99% and HR: 24x/m, R1:24, R2:25, R3:24. The combined intervention of hot water steam with eucalyptus oil is effective in reducing respiratory frequency in children with bronchopneumonia.

Preschool children are those aged between 3-6 years. Eating behavior disorders that occur in children, such as picky eating, significantly impact their nutritional status, which is related to their growth and development. One of the eating problems in children, particularly in preschoolers, is picky eating, which affects their nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between picky eating and nutritional status in preschool children at RA. Al-Hidayah in Surabaya. This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents of this study were 40 children. Data collection techniques included self-administered questionnaires and measurements of height and weight. The instruments used were questionnaires, digital scales, and microtoise. Data analysis in this study used the Spearman rank correlation test with proportional random sampling. The results showed that 58% of subjects experienced picky eating. Most of the subjects in this study had normal weight, normal height, and good nutritional status. The analysis results indicated a significant relationship between picky eating and nutritional status based on weight-for-age (p-value = 0.019). However, there was no significant relationship between picky eating and nutritional status based on height-for-age (p-value = 0.619) and weight-for-height (p-value = 0.176). In overcoming the problem of picky eating, it is recommended for agencies to provide education or nutritional counseling to parents and caregivers so that they can implement appropriate parenting styles and pay attention to children's nutritional needs properly.

The author discusses this title on the background that preschool children in the process of learning to read have difficulty understanding reading teaching materials, one of which is about letter recognition because this is a new experience. Based on these problems, the author aims to design/design a reading learning media for preschoolers (kindergarten) based on Multimedia using Adobe Flash. The method used in the research is the research and development (R&D) method, which is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of products with Blackbox. The research results of this reading learning media design for preschoolers (kindergarten) are: (1) This reading learning media uses the Luther-Sutopo multimedia development model which is carried out in six stages, namely the concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing and distribution stages. (2) The final result of this reading learning media design is a compact disk (CD) that can be run using media on a computer and does not require another system to run it.  

Motor development is the process of growth and development of a child's ability to move. Basically, this development develops in line with the maturity of the nerves and muscles of the child. The form of community service activities carried out is the implementation   of   counseling   to   mothers   about   the   level   of development of children under five to pre-school. The population of preschool children in Indonesia is around 10% of the total population. The quality of growth and development of preschool children in Indonesia needs serious attention because they are the future generation of the nation. For this reason, children need to receive good nutrition, adequate stimulation and access to quality health services. including early detection and intervention of growth and development deviations, so that they can grow and develop optimally in accordance with their genetic potential and be able to compete in the global era

Preschool-aged children are susceptible to dental issues, and improper tooth brushing may lead to dental caries. Behavior, a response to stimuli, is influenced by knowledge, impacting positive toothbrushing behavior. This study aimed to assess the impact of tooth brushing practice on preschool-aged children (3-6 years) at PGRI 5 Kapongan, Kandang Village, Kapongan District, Situbondo Regency. The research employed an experimental design with a single-group pre and post-test, involving a population of 38 preschoolers at Kindergarten PGRI, Kandang Village. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 35 participants, with observations recorded using an observation sheet. The Wilcoxon matched statistical test yielded a p-value of 0.000 ? ? 0.005, indicating significance. Initially, 65.7% of respondents exhibited suboptimal tooth brushing (not quite right), but after intervention, 91.4% demonstrated proper brushing behavior. The Wilcoxon matched statistical test confirmed significance (p-value 0.000 ? ? 0.005). In conclusion, H1 is accepted, signifying the influence of tooth brushing practice on tooth brushing behavior in preschool-aged children. This insight into toothbrushing is anticipated to cultivate positive behavior, promoting oral health and mitigating dental diseases among children.

Hospitalization or inpatient care has an impact on anxiety in children. Anxiety or a condition of excessive fear caused by certain situations often occurs in almost every child who is hospitalized or hospitalized. Play activity therapy is a good activity to deal with anxiety in children who experience hospitalization, so that it can accelerate the healing process of pain in children. Determine changes in anxiety levels in preschool aged 3-5 years at RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali hospital. This study used a descriptive design on two male respondents which was conducted from 4 to 6 July 2023 ar Pandan Arang Boyolali Hospital with each respondent being given intervention for 3 consecutive days. The instrument used was the Spence Children Anxiety Scale SCAS observation sheet to measure the level of anxiety before and after giving therapy. Before the two respondents were put into action, the level of anxiety was moderate (first respondent scored 18; second respondent scored 20), and after the two respondents were put into action, the level of anxiety was mild (first respondent scored 12; second respondent scored 13). The application of play therapy to coloring pictures with color sand is able to reduce anxiety levels in preschool aged 3-5 years at Pandan Arang Boyolali Hospital.

Dental health is part of overall health. Mother's level of knowledge has an important role in maintaining dental health in her child. Preschoolers are children aged between 4-6 years which is called the "golden age". So that in the preschool period mothers should have taught children how to brush their teeth properly. This service aims to provide education and increase mother's knowledge about brushing teeth to students of Perwanida Kindergarten, West Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan. This service is carried out by providing education to 50 mothers through speeches using visual aids about proper tooth brushing procedures. Measuring the level of knowledge was carried out using pretest and posttest questionnaires. Mother's knowledge level data were analyzed using MS.Excel and then translated into Good, Adequate, and Poor knowledge level categories. The results of this activity showed that there was an increase in mother's knowledge in the Good category from 53% to 74% and a decrease in mother's knowledge in the Enough category from 45% to 26% and in the Less category 2% to 0%. Based on the results of the education, it can be concluded that Education on the Use of Toothbrushes for Mothers of Perwanida Kindergarten students in West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan is said to be successful with an increase in the Good knowledge category. It is recommended that health workers can improve health promotion on how to brush their teeth properly in order to reduce the incidence of dental disease in children.

Background: Febrile seizure associated with a fever of 38oC or higher that triggers by the extracranial process without manifestation of neurologic dysfunction. The majority of parents suffer from stress and anxiety of febrile seizure occurrences. Adequate knowledge of febrile seizure is significant to provide initial medical care required during febrile seizure occurrences. Hence, this study aimed to know the knowledge level of febrile seizure on preschooler among parent in Nuansa Udayana Siligita Early Childhood Education School, Nusa Dua Badung. Method:  A purposive sampling technique employed to select 123 study participants. Data collected by a questionnaire that distributed to the participant through the google-form platform. The analysis used is univariate. Results: Results revealed that the participant’s knowledge classified in the good, moderate, and low category with a total of 81 participants (79.0%), 22 participants (21.0%), and 0 participants (0.0 %), respectively.  Conclusion: The level of knowledge of febrile seizure on preschoolers among parent Nuansa Udayana Siligita Early Childhood Education School classified in the good category. We suggest the parent improve their knowledge of febrile seizure to deliver initial proper medical care during febrile seizure occurrences or recurrences in their home or school.  

Background: Toilet training is an attempt to train children to be able to control bowel movements. In Indonesia, it was found that 16% of children aged 6 years were still unable to do toilet training independently. One of the important factors in the success of children in doing toilet training is the parenting style applied by parents in educating children at home. Objective: to find out the relationship between parenting style and toilet training ability in pre-school aged children in Kutuh Kelod Banjar Ubud. Method: This study used an observational analysis design with a cross sectional approach. The study population was pre-school age children in Banjar Kutuh Kelod Ubud with sampling techniques using purposive samling. The instrument of this study used the observation sheet toilet training ability and parenting questionnaire. Analysis of toilet training capabilities with parenting using the Spearmans Rho test. Results: The study showed that most of the parents' parenting styles were democratic as many as 24 people (40%). The results of the Spearmans Rho test were parenting and toilet training abilities with a value of p = 0,000. Conclusion: This study found that there was a significant relationship between parenting care and toilet training abilities of preschoolers.Keywords: Parenting; toilet training; pre-school children

Preschoolers are children aged three to six years. Covid - 19 is a pandemic that is shaking the world right now. Due to the Covid - 19 pandemic, children cannot play with friends outside the home. Limited play space for children makes it easy for them to feel bored just to stay at home, causing children to become anxious. The purpose of this case study is to apply storytelling play therapy to reduce anxiety levels in preschool-aged children at home due to the covid-19 pandemic. The method of this case study is descriptive. The result of the case study is a decrease in anxiety score in subject I from 45 to 30 and subject II from 51 to 34. The conclusion of this case study shows that storytelling therapy is effective in reducing the anxiety level of preschool children. Suggestions for this case study are expected that parents can apply storytelling to reduce anxiety levels in children at home due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: Prosocial behavior is one type of social-emotional development among preschoolers which can influence development at a later stage. Untreated social-emotional development can lead to aggressive, shy, timid, destructive behaviors, powerful behavior, violent behavior, negativism and selfishness. Objective to describe the prosocial behavior among preschoolers (5-6 years). Methods: This study used a descriptive design with a survey approach. The sampling technique used in this study was probability sampling: total sampling, namely 66 preschoolers (5-6 years old) at Maria Fatima Kindergarten, Jembrana, Bali. The data collection tool used here was a questionnaire in the form of a scale that was developed based on prosocial behavior indicators. Data analysis used univariate analysis in the form of categories. Results: The study results showed the characteristics of respondents namely male children of 48.5%, female children of 51.5%, five years old of 69.7%, six years old of 30.3%. The minimum score of prosocial behavior was 25 (low category) and the maximum score was 39 (moderate category). Conclusion: This study found that most of prosocial behavior of preschoolers (5-6 years old) was in the moderate category (74.2%). Further studies should be conducted regarding the factors that influence prosocial behavior.