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Development is the increasing ability of the body to structure and function more complexly, in an orderly and predictable pattern. One of the aspects that assist the adequacy of child development is parents' support. One of the factors that influence the development of toddlers is stimulation. Stimulation is trigger that comes from the child's external environment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between maternal stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years. This research is a correlational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. They were taken using a complete sampling approach on a population of 30 persons and a sample of 30 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The frequency distribution is used for univariate data analysis, and the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative is used for bivariate data analysis. The result showed that 22 mothers provided good stimulation and 8 mothers gave less stimulation. From the results of the KPSP, it showed that there were 20 children with appropriate development, 4 children with doubts, and 6 children with deviations. Based on the Fisher’s Exact Test alternative, it was known that the P value is 0.000 with α 0.05. Because the significance value is <α, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, indicating that there is a correlation between stimulation and the development of pre-school children aged 3-5 years in KB RA Umi Sundari Kraksaan, Probolinggo Regency. It is hoped that the results of this study would help parents who have children give adequate stimulation for their children's growth.

This research aims to analyze the effect of using educational games on learning English vocabulary in pre-school children. The background of this research is based on the importance of learning English from an early age, where vocabulary mastery is a crucial basic component. The research method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 pre-school children who were randomly divided into experimental groups and control groups. The experimental group was given vocabulary learning using various educational games, while the control group used conventional methods. Data was collected through vocabulary tests before and after treatment, as well as observations during the learning process. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant increase in mastery of English vocabulary in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings indicate that educational games can be an effective method in improving English vocabulary learning in pre-school children. This research suggests that educators consider the integration of educational games in the English language learning curriculum for early childhood.  

Preschool aged children have a habit of paying less attention to hand washing behavior, especially in the play environment. The habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) is still a global concern because people still forget to wash their hands. The focus of CTPS activities is early childhood because they are the ones who will be agents of change in the future. In this activity, hand washing education with soap will be provided to children in the form of counseling indoors and followed by simulations in the field based on the 7 steps for washing hands. Before carrying out the activity, they did not know how to wash their hands with soap properly and correctly. So this activity was considered 100% successful, this was because the children were able to practice washing their hands using soap properly and correctly. Implementation time is October 2023. The aim of this activity is to provide positive information to increase preschool age children's knowledge regarding clean living behavior, especially regarding hand washing, so that children are better able to maintain personal hygiene at school and avoid disease. Activities were carried out for pre-school children at SD IT Insan Qur'ani.

Caries is a disease of hard tooth tissue, namely enamel, dentin and cementum, which is caused by the activity of microorganisms in fermentable carbohydrates. Federation Dental International (FDI) and WHO target that at least 50% of children aged 5-6 years should be free from dental caries in every country. The results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Risksdas) show that the prevalence of cavities in early childhood is still very high, namely around 93%. This means that only 7% of Indonesian children are free from dental caries (Ministry of Health, 2021). This article aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and the mother's education level with the occurrence of dental caries in pre-school children at the Bukit Damai PAUDHI Kindergarten, Maluk District. The research method for this article is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The population is parents, guardians of students at HI BukitDamai PAUD Kindergarten in Maluk District, Kab. West Sumbawa, NTB as many as 20 parents/guardians of students. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between the level of maternal knowledge and the occurrence of dental caries in pre-school children with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between maternal education level and the occurrence of dental caries in pre-school children with a p-value of 0.011 (<0.05). It is hoped that there will be a need for intensive dental and oral health checks on pre-school aged children, as well as providing counseling to mothers of toddlers, especially pre-school aged children.

Education is a very important level for every individual, especially at the golden age, early childhood education is the first education for children before they enter a higher level of education such as elementary school. To prepare things and various intelligences possessed by children, especially cognitive intelligence, effective and interesting learning methods are held, one method that is suitable for early childhood learning is the repetitive or repetition method. This method is applied to early childhood in Citeureup Village, precisely in the Sumurjaya Village, for early childhood to be provisioned when they enter elementary school education. The purpose of applying this repetitive method is so that pre-school children in the Sumur Jaya village are more mature and ready to go to elementary school. The research method used in this research is qualitative. The result after this research was carried out, there was a significant change in the introduction of learning for early childhood

Toilet training is a way to train children aged 1-3 years in controlling defecation and urination activities properly and correctly. According to the 2019 National Household Health Survey (SKRT), it is estimated that the number of toddlers who have difficulty controlling defecation and urination (bedwetting) at the age of up to pre-school reaches 75 million children. This phenomenon is triggered by many things, such as parents' lack of knowledge about how to train defecation and toileting, the use of compresses and many others (Riblat, 2017). The introduction and implementation of toilet training in children is very important. Knowledge is one of the factors that can influence the success of toilet training implementation. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental knowledge about toilet training, with the success in its application in pre-school children in kindergarten. Anugrah Harapan Bangsa Marelan in 2023, using the type of correlation descriptive research. The population and sample in this study were all parents who had pre-school age children as many as 130 people. This study used a total sampling method, instrument in the form of a knowledge questionnaire and the successful implementation of toilet training. The results of this study were tested using the chi-square test, the results obtained p value = 0.000 (<0.05) indicates that parental knowledge has a relationship with the successful implementation of toilet training in children. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the better the parents' knowledge, the better the results of the implementation of toilet training. For this reason, it is recommended that parents maintain and improve their knowledge about toilet training so that they can provide good and correct toilet training implementation results for their children. This can be done for example by attending health education counseling events, especially in the field of toilet training.

In Indonesia, 8% of pre-school children experience speech and language disorders. Almost 20% of 2 year old children have speech delays and language disorders, speech delays most often occur at ages 3-16 years. The research method is correlative with a cross sectional approach. Sampling used a total sampling technique, namely where samples were taken from the entire population, namely 67 mothers with toddlers. Data collection in this research used primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. Mothers' knowledge in the good category regarding growth and development was 26 respondents (38%). Mothers' knowledge in the poor category regarding growth and development was 41 respondents (61%). Able to detect growth and development disorders in toddlers, namely 30 respondents (44%) The statistical test results with a p-value of 0.023 < 0.05 and OR= 4.26 so that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which means there is a significant relationship between the relationship between mother's knowledge about toddler growth and development. early detection of growth and development disorders for toddlers at Posyandu, Bangun Rejo village, Tanjung Morawa sub-district. The results of this research are to increase mothers' knowledge and insight regarding the growth and development of toddlers so that they are better able to detect the growth and development of toddlers.

Background :Hospitalization is a critical condition in children, when the child is sick and is being treated in the hospital. Hospitalization can be considered as a threatening experience and becomes a stressor so that it can cause a crisis for children and families. In an effort to reduce the impact of children from hospitalization experienced by children during child care, we need a medium that can express anxiety, one of which is coloring picture therapy. Data from the Children's Room at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung hospital found that children who were hospitalized from January to June 2022 had 979 cases of hospitalized children or an average of 163 cases per month. Writing purpose :the effect of giving play therapy coloring pictures on reducing stress due to the impact of hospitalization in pre-school-aged children at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung Public Hospital, Banten Research methods :This study used a pre-experimental denham design with one group pretest-posttest design. One-group pre-post test design to obtain stress level data before and after the intervention. The number of samples in this study were 32 pre-school children who fit the inclusion criteria. The instrument used for data collection used a questionnaire and then the data were analyzed using the paired t test. Research result :the average stress on children due to hospitalization before the intervention was given was 21.09 pont or included in the moderate category and after the intervention became 13.13 or included in the moderate. There is an effect of giving play therapy coloring pictures to reduce stress due to hospitalization in pre-school-aged children at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung Hospital, Banten with a p value of 0.000. Conclusions and recommendations:Image coloring play therapy can be effective in reducing stress in children due to hospitalization, therefore health workers can apply image coloring play interventions to children who are hospitalized

Around 40% there are still children of pre-school age who have not been able to do their developmental tasks according to their age. In addition, in the kindergarten, finger painting activities have never been done on the soft motor development of pre-school children in Tunas Kelapa Kindergarten Group B Tinigi Village, Galang District. This type of quantitative research with a one group pretest posttest approach, a population of 32 people and a sample of 15 people with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test, with finger painting as an independent variable and fine motor dependent. The results of the pretest study were 8 respondents (53.3%) suspect and the posttest was 13 respondents (86.7%) normal. The results of bivariate analysis obtained p value 0.014 <0.05, there is an effect of finger painting activities on the soft motor development of pre-school children in Tunas Kelapa Kindergarten Group B Tinigi Village, Galang District. It is hoped that this research can be additional knowledge for parents so they can optimize the development of their children.

Fever itself is a condition in which the body temperature is experiencing an increase in heat above the normal temperature. Fever can be treated pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically in various ways, one of which is by using water tepid sponge therapy. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving water tepid sponge to pre-school age children who have fever at the Bhakti Wira Tamtama Army Hospital Semarang. The design of this study used Quasy experimental pre-post test equivalent control group. The number of samples is 20 respondents with the total sampling method. The results showed that there was an effect of water tepid sponge on decreasing body temperature in children aged 36-60 months who had fever with p value 0.000, an average decrease of 1.50C. The recommendation of this study is that the provision of a water tepid sponge can be used as an independent nursing intervention in reducing the body temperature of preschool-aged children who have fever.