Publication Search

Knee septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires prompt and appropriate management to prevent permanent joint damage and systemic complications. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are commonly used for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response; however, their prognostic value after surgical debridement remains variable. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of ESR, CRP, and platelet count as prognostic indicators following irrigation and/or surgical debridement in patients with knee septic arthritis. A literature search was conducted in January using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, and Semantic Scholar, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tools. Fifteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were qualitatively analyzed. The findings indicate that elevated preoperative CRP levels and delayed postoperative CRP reduction are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, including failure of infection eradication and the need for repeat debridement. Although ESR is consistently elevated during the acute phase, its slower decline limits its short-term prognostic utility. Platelet count may increase as part of the systemic inflammatory response but shows inconsistent prognostic value.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft tissue tumor with deceptively benign histological features but significant potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Pelvic LGFMS is extremely uncommon and may mimic gynecological malignancies, leading to diagnostic challenges. This report describes a 39-year-old woman presenting with progressive abdominal enlargement, bloating, early satiety, and dyspnea. Physical and ultrasonographic examinations suggested a malignant ovarian tumor. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy without preoperative CT scan evaluation. Intraoperatively, multiple solid masses involving the intestines, mesentery, omentum, peritoneum, and ovaries were identified, with the largest measuring 20 × 15 cm. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LGFMS. The absence of preoperative cross-sectional imaging contributed to diagnostic difficulty in this case. CT scan and MRI are important for evaluating tumor origin, tissue characteristics, and involvement of surrounding structures. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathology supported by immunohistochemistry, particularly MUC4, and molecular confirmation when available. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to avoid misdiagnosis, optimize management, and improve long-term outcomes in patients with pelvic LGFMS.

Uterine myoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus commonly found in women of reproductive age and may cause symptoms related to mass effect and hematologic disturbances. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with progressive vaginal pain for 3 months, accompanied by low back pain and impaired daily activities, without vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, fever, or urinary or defecatory symptoms. Laboratory examination revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin level of 4.7 g/dL, while ultrasonography demonstrated a 9.93 × 10.32 cm mass described as symmetric, well circumscribed, and hyperechoic, leading to a working diagnosis of uterine myoma with anemia. The patient was managed with general condition monitoring, intravenous fluids, analgesics, transfusion of four units of packed red cells, and laparotomy as definitive intervention. Following transfusion and surgery, the hemoglobin level increased to 9.4 g/dL and subsequently to 11.0 g/dL, accompanied by improvement in postoperative symptoms and clinical condition. This case demonstrates that a large uterine myoma may present predominantly with pelvic pain and functional impairment in the absence of vaginal bleeding. A comprehensive approach involving systematic evaluation, preoperative correction of anemia, appropriate surgical intervention, and postoperative monitoring is essential to improve safety and clinical outcomes in patients with symptomatic pelvic masses.

Background: Anxiety can affect physiological functions in patients prior to surgery, including increased heart rate and respiration, changes in blood pressure and temperature, relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder, cold and clammy skin, and dry mouth, which may reduce the patient’s energy level. Psychologically, anxiety can lead to increased postoperative pain, delayed wound healing, increased physical disability, and decreased quality of life. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety is Benson relaxation therapy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of benson relaxation therapy on reducing anxiety levels in pre operative. Methods: This study used a case study design involving one preoperative patient with anxiety symptoms in the Teratai Ward of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto. Benson relaxation therapy was administered for 3 days, twice daily, with a duration of 15 minutes per session. Anxiety levels were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) before and after the intervention. Results: The patient showed a decrease in anxiety score from 55 (moderate anxiety) to 40 (mild anxiety) after receiving Benson relaxation therapy. Subjectively, the patient reported feeling calmer, more accepting, and motivated. Objectively, there was a reduction in heart rate and physical signs of anxiety. Conclusion: Benson relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients. This intervention can be used as a non-pharmacological alternative to support psychological recovery of pre-operative patients.

Preoperative anxiety can lead to increased blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, and bleeding. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be provided is dhikr therapy, particularly tahlil dhikr (repeated recitation of La ilaha illallah). This study aims to determine the effect of tahlil dhikr on reducing anxiety in preoperative patients. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design, using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. Data collection was conducted from May 22 to May 27, 2025, at Meuraxa Hospital. The population in this study consisted of 270 patients scheduled for surgery at Meuraxa Hospital, Banda Aceh, with a sample of 73 respondents selected through random sampling. The research instruments used were the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Tahlil Dhikr Therapy and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire, which had a Cronbach’s Alpha score between 0.6 – 0.7 and was considered reliable with a result > 0.6. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of anxiety after the administration of tahlil dhikr. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test showed a p-value = 0.000 (≤ 0.05), indicating a significant effect of tahlil dhikr on reducing preoperative anxiety among patients at Meuraxa Hospital, Banda Aceh. The study recommends the integration of tahlil dhikr as an alternative method for reducing anxiety in preoperative patients.

Surgery is a medical procedure performed by opening a part of the body and ending with the closure or suturing of the wound. This procedure often causes anxiety in preoperative patients. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce anxiety is classical music therapy, which helps promote relaxation and supports the healing process. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music therapy on reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients in the implementation of nursing care. The method used was a case study design with a nursing care approach involving three preoperative patients experiencing anxiety. The intervention consisted of classical music therapy delivered through headphones for 5 minutes and administered twice to each respondent. The results showed that after receiving classical music therapy, the anxiety levels of all three patients decreased from severe anxiety with an average score of 19 to moderate to mild anxiety with scores ranging from 7–13. In addition, symptoms such as worry, restlessness, and tension also appeared to decrease after the intervention. It can be concluded that classical music therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients during the nursing care process. Therefore, nurses are expected to apply classical music therapy as one of the interventions for patients experiencing anxiety.

Anxiety is an emotional response to uncertainty or threats that cause feelings of anxiety, worry, excessive tension, which are continuous and can interfere with the patient's process of action and healing, therefore it is necessary to have good and correct therapeutic communication, to build a relationship of mutual trust, empathy, support and help the patient in problem solving. This study aims to identify the Relationship between Nurse Therapeutic Communication and Anxiety Level in Preoperative Patients at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. The research design uses correlational with a cross sectional approach, purposive sampling technique with a sample of 64 respondents. The instruments used were the nurse therapeutic communication questionnaire and the anxiety questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the majority of therapeutic communication among nurses in the inpatient room of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan was in the good category as many as 34 respondents (53.1%), and the level of anxiety of preoperative patients was majority in the medium category as many as 30 respondents (46.9%). The spearman rank statistical test on SPSS obtained a P-Value = 0.000 which means that there is a relationship between the therapeutic communication of nurses and the level of patient anxiety at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan. It is expected that the nurses in Pauline's room will further improve therapeutic communication to pre-operative patients.

Patients undergoing surgery often experience preoperative anxiety due to concerns about the outcome, pain, and the risk of complications. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect the patient's physiological and psychological condition and slow the recovery process. One non-pharmacological effort that can be used to reduce anxiety is the finger-holding relaxation technique, a simple method that can help balance emotions and provide a sense of calm. To determine the effect of the finger-holding relaxation technique on changes in preoperative anxiety levels in patients at Batang Regional General Hospital. Method: This study used a descriptive case study approach. The respondents were four patients who were about to undergo surgery and were experiencing anxiety. The intervention was conducted for approximately 15 minutes using the finger-holding relaxation technique. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). All respondents experienced a decrease in anxiety levels after the intervention. The average reduction in anxiety scores was 7.25 points. Before the intervention, two patients experienced severe anxiety and two patients experienced moderate anxiety. After the intervention, two patients experienced mild anxiety and two others experienced a decrease to moderate levels. This indicates that finger-holding therapy has a positive effect on reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. The finger-holding relaxation technique has been proven effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients. This intervention can be used as a simple, safe, and easy-to-implement non-pharmacological therapy alternative for nurses to improve patient psychological comfort.

The surgery often causes anxiety, which has an impact on physical and psychological conditions of preoperative patients. The data from WHO shows that 50% patients all over the world experienced anxiety, where 5-25% patients are between 5 and 20 years old, and 50% patients are 55 years old. Pre-operational anxiety reaches 534 million patients. Many factors affect anxiety in patients, including family support. This study aims to acknowledge the correlation between family support and anxiety of post-surgery patients in Meuraxa Regional General Hospital, Banda Aceh. This study employs an analytical correlational method with a cross-sectional approach by involving 51 patients selected using an accidental sampling technique. A family support questionnaire is adopted from Nurwulan, with a Cronbach's alpha 0.856. The questionnaire of anxiety using the APAIS scale of Cronbach's alpha 0.825. Univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results indicate that among 51 respondents, the level of anxiety is in a medium state, as 26 respondents (51.0%), family support is in the high category, 47 respondents (92.2%), with a P-value 0.026 (P-value < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between family support and preoperative anxiety at Meuraxa General Hospital Banda Aceh. Families are expected to continuously provide emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support so that patients feel calmer, are able to reduce excessive anxiety, and are better prepared to undergo surgery.

Anxiety in patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy can have a significant impact on biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, manifesting as increased blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and sleep quality disturbances that can affect physiological and psychological balance. Blood pressure is influenced by the autonomic nervous system, making anxiety and sleep quality important factors related to cardiovascular stability. This study aims to explain the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with blood pressure in preoperative vitrectomy patients. The research design used was a cross-sectional correlation study involving 108 respondents. The instruments used included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) to assess anxiety, and blood pressure measurements before surgery. The analysis used the Spearman test. The results showed that most respondents were in the early elderly age category (34.3%), had a high school education (54.6%), and were employed (57.4%). Most experienced mild sleep disturbances (81.5%) and mild anxiety. The average systolic blood pressure of respondents was 133.50 mmHg (SD 11.569) and diastolic blood pressure was 84.29 mmHg (SD 11.081). Spearman's test showed a relationship between sleep quality and systolic blood pressure (r=0.237; p=0.014) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.428; p=0.001), as well as between anxiety and systolic blood pressure (r=0.502; p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.326; p=0.001). It was concluded that there was a relationship between sleep quality and anxiety with the blood pressure of patients undergoing preoperative vitrectomy. Nurses are advised to conduct early screening and simple interventions to reduce anxiety and improve the sleep quality of patients

Preoperative anxiety is one of the psychological problems that patients often experience and can affect physiological stability, response to anesthesia, and the postoperative recovery process. High levels of anxiety in patients leading up to surgery can have negative impacts, both physically and emotionally. One of the interventions that can be done to reduce anxiety is therapeutic communication by nurses. Therapeutic communication has an important role in creating a relationship of mutual trust, providing a sense of security, and helping patients understand the medical procedures to be undertaken. However, there are still conditions where therapeutic communication has not been implemented optimally. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses' therapeutic communication and the level of anxiety of preoperative patients at RSI Pekajangan. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design and involved 72 respondents who were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The research instruments included a therapeutic communication questionnaire and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman Rank test. The results showed that most respondents rated therapeutic communication in the categories of good (81.9%) and moderate anxiety (72.2%). Statistical tests showed a significant relationship between nurses' therapeutic communication and preoperative patients' anxiety levels (p = 0.027) and moderate correlation strength (r = -0.260). The conclusion of this study confirms that therapeutic communication plays a role in lowering patients' anxiety, so it is recommended that nurses improve therapeutic communication skills as part of pre-surgical interventions.

Anxiety and sleep quality are two closely related aspects in patients undergoing surgical procedures. High levels of anxiety in the preoperative phase often result in decreased sleep quality, while poor sleep can exacerbate anxiety, thus affecting the postoperative recovery process. This study aims to compare anxiety levels and sleep quality in patients before and after surgery. The research design used was a quasi-experimental with a pre-post test approach. The study sample consisted of 119 respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique in the Kenanga Ward of Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal Regional Hospital. The instruments used included the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire to measure anxiety levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with the help of SPSS version 25 software. The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality in both the pre- and postoperative phases (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). A total of 54.4% of patients with poor sleep quality before surgery showed improvement after surgery. Furthermore, in the group with moderate anxiety, 54.8% experienced a reduction to mild anxiety. In conclusion, reducing anxiety levels has been shown to positively impact patients' sleep quality after surgery.

Surgical procedures, including laparoscopic surgery, may cause preoperative anxiety arising from fear of the surgery process, uncertain outcomes, and postoperative pain. This anxiety can affect anesthesia and recovery aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Murottal recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman on anxiety in preoperative laparoscopy patients. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group. A total of 40 respondents were recruited using total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon test for within-group differences and the Mann-Whitney test for between-group differences. The majority of respondents in both intervention and control groups were late elderly, employed, male, and had no history of illness. Before therapy, anxiety levels in both groups were predominantly moderate. After therapy, most respondents in the intervention group experienced mild anxiety, whereas in the control group most remained in the moderate category. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of Murottal recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman on reducing anxiety, both in the intervention group (Z = -5,477; p = 0.000) and the control group (Z = -2.000; p = 0.046). Overall, Murottal recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman was proven to be significantly effective in reducing respondents’ anxiety levels (Z = -4,534; p = 0.000). It is recommended that families play an active role in supporting anxiety reduction in patients undergoing surgery, for example, by suggesting or facilitating the patients to listen to Murottal recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman.

Hypothermia after general anesthesia is a common complication that can seriously impact patient recovery. Identifying risk factors contributing to this occurrence is crucial for effective prevention and management. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia in patients in the Surgical Unit of Regina Maris Regional Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 78 patients undergoing general anesthesia was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through observation and documentation, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Factors shown to be significantly associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia included preoperative body temperature (p=0.010), gender (p=0.014), and duration of surgery (p=0.001). Meanwhile, age and body mass index did not show a significant association. Conclusion: Body temperature, gender, and duration of surgery are the main determinants of the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia. Preventive strategies that focus on body temperature management before and during surgery are needed, especially in high-risk patients.

Preoperative anxiety is common for patients, especially those who will undergo spinal anesthesia. The level of anxiety can vary, from mild anxiety to panic attacks, which can potentially affect the outcome of surgery and the recovery process. To overcome this problem, rose aromatherapy with a diffuser offers a non-pharmacological solution. A study was conducted in the Operating Room of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital to determine the effect of rose aromatherapy on the level of anxiety of pre-operative patients with spinal anesthesia. This study used a pre-experimental one group pretest posttest design, which showed that rose aromatherapy can significantly reduce anxiety levels in patients who will undergo surgery with spinal anesthesia. This study involved 30 respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results of the analysis showed a significance value of 0.000, which means that there is a significant effect of giving rose aromatherapy on the level of patient anxiety. In other words, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Conclusion, rose aromatherapy is proven to be effective in reducing pre-operative anxiety in patients with spinal anesthesia at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study is expected to be an additional reference for future research and provide valuable information for health workers in pre-operative anxiety intervention efforts.

The implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean Surgery (ERACS) method as an innovation in the Sectio Cesarea (SC) surgical procedure aims to accelerate recovery, minimize pain, and improve patient comfort. Although it has been clinically proven, there is still limited research exploring patients' subjective experiences with this method, particularly in eastern Indonesia. This study aims to explore in depth the physical, emotional, psychological experiences, as well as perceptions of service and patient expectations after undergoing SC with the ERACS method at Banggai Laut General Hospital. The study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with purposively selected informants and analyzed using Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis technique. The results showed that patients experienced rapid physical recovery, minimal pain, and were able to mobilize early. Emotionally, patients felt calm and stable, supported by good communication with medical staff and family support. However, information about the ERACS procedure before surgery was still perceived as lacking detail. Patients also hope that this method continues to be implemented with improvements in educational aspects and financial support from BPJS. Patients' experiences with the ERACS method are generally very positive and reflect the success of this approach not only clinically but also in creating a more comfortable, efficient, and humane childbirth experience. This study recommends enhancing preoperative education, postoperative monitoring, and more inclusive financial support systems.

This study is based on the phenomenon of anxiety that patients almost always experience before undergoing surgery, which generally arises due to limited information regarding the upcoming medical procedure. Anxiety is understood as a psychological response closely related to stress and can be influenced by various factors, including the patient's education level. Education plays a crucial role in increasing a person's general knowledge, particularly in understanding medical theories, procedures, and risks, thus enabling patients to make better decisions and reducing anxiety. In the context of spinal anesthesia, knowledge about the preparation, procedure, and side effects of anesthesia can help patients feel more mentally prepared. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between education level and anxiety levels in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlation design and involved 49 respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. The data collection instrument used the APAIS questionnaire, while data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rho test. The results showed that respondents were predominantly aged 36–45 years (40.8%), predominantly female (53%), with the majority undergoing general surgery (49%), and having an ASA II health status (63%). In terms of education, the majority of respondents were high school graduates (67.1%), while the highest anxiety level was in the moderate category (83.7%). Spearman's Rho analysis yielded a p-value of 0.039 < 0.05, thus accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between education level and preoperative patient anxiety during spinal anesthesia procedures. This finding confirms that increasing knowledge through education plays a significant role in reducing anxiety before medical procedures.

Preoperative anxiety is a common issue that can affect both the physical and psychological condition of patients before undergoing surgery. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied to reduce anxiety is the five-finger hypnosis therapy.Evaluating the effectiveness of five-finger hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients at Siloam Silampari Hospital, Lubuklinggau.Using a case study approach with the application of evidence-based nursing practice in nursing care for three preoperative patients experiencing anxiety. Data were collected through nursing assessments and measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to determine anxiety levels. The intervention was carried out over three days following standard operating procedures (SOP).The study results indicate that five-finger hypnosis therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients. The HARS scores gradually decreased, with all patients improving from severe anxiety to mild anxiety and eventually showing no clinically significant anxiety by the third day of the intervention. A more significant impact was observed after the second and third days of intervention, suggesting that this therapy is more effective when applied repeatedly and consistently.

Appendectomy is a surgical procedure performed to cut the inflamed appendix tissue. The appendectomy procedure can cause anxiety for appendicitis patients before the operation. If the coping usually used is not able to control anxiety, it can have an impact on increasing vital signs and delaying the operation. The aim of this research is to determine the factors related to the anxiety level of pre-operative appendectomy patients in the operating room at RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang in 2024. The research method is quantitative research with a cross- sectional approach. The research sample was 56 patients using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this research was the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) surgical anxiety questionnaire in the operating room at RSU Bhakti Asih, Tangerang City. The data were analyzed using the statistical tests used, namely the bivariate test, namely Chi-Square and the multivariate test, namely the Backward logistic regression method. The results of the research show that there are three independent variables on the dependent variable. It shows that there is one dominant variable which has p > 0.05, namely the nurse support variable which can be seen from the OR value of 0.016 times (p < 0.007; 95% CI 0.016-0.521) which means that respondents who support from nurses, the risk will be 16 times greater and can prevent the occurrence of anxiety levels Pre-Appendectomy in the Surgical Room at RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang, Year 2024. Conclusion, there is a relationship between the analysis of factors related to the level of anxiety of pre-operative appendectomy patients in the operating room at RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang.    

Objective: The study aimed to assess the adjuvant role of dexamethasone in multimodal analgesia to control postoperative pain for various laparoscopic surgical procedures.  Methods: From January to April 2023, a study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital involving 80 patients prepared for various laparoscopic procedures, classified as ASA grades I and II. The participants were divided into groups (A and B) of 40 patients. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding gender distribution, age, BMI, ASA grade, anesthesia duration, and surgical procedure duration. Group A comprises patients administered dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously one hour before the induction of anesthesia, whereas Group B patients received a normal saline (placebo). The analgesic effect was assessed by measuring the VAS score for each group at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours post-discharge from the recovery room. The study also evaluated the necessity for potent analgesics among the study population in each group. Results: The study findings indicate that dexamethasone significantly reduces postoperative pain, as evidenced by lower VAS scores in patients administering dexamethasone compared to those receiving a placebo, especially at 6 and 24 hours post-transfer from the recovery room. Additionally, patients administering a placebo exhibit a significant demand for potent analgesia in contrast to the group receiving dexamethasone. Conclusion: The study indicated that a single-dose injection of dexamethasone 8 mg administered preoperatively for various laparoscopic procedures significantly decreases postoperative pain. Effective pain management promotes early recovery and shortens hospital stays, reducing staff stress and providing financial benefits to the institution. We recommend using dexamethasone as a safe and effective medication for alleviating postoperative pain.