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Early Marriage in Pagar Alam City is currently still quite high, the Pagar Alam Religious Court only relies on a recap of the number of cases per year to draw conclusions about the early marriage data. This method has limitations in classifying early marriage factors, so the Religious Court has difficulty in monitoring and controlling the occurrence of Early Marriage in Pagar Alam City. The purpose of this research thesis is to produce a classification system for Early Marriage factors using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm to find out what factors influence the occurrence of Early Marriage, the method used in this study is the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) which has 6 stages, namely: Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, and Deployment. The testing stage in this study uses Confusion Matrix and BlackBox Testing. The final results of this study indicate that the system can classify Early Marriage factors. The classification model built achieved an Accuracy of 94.12% and a Precise value of 85.71% and a Recall value of 100.00%, while testing using Black Box testing in the form of alpha obtained a feasibility value of 83.2%, so this system is very suitable for use.  

Divorce is an increasing social reality within Christian congregations, including in Indonesia, bringing profound psychological, social, and spiritual impacts while simultaneously presenting serious challenges for the church's pastoral ministry. This article examines the theological foundation and practical approaches in pastoral accompaniment for congregation members experiencing divorce, employing library research methodology within a pastoral theology framework. The study reveals that the church is called to be present not as a judge, but as a healing, supportive, and restoring community. Effective pastoral accompaniment encompasses empathetic pastoral counseling, a compassionate congregational community, intentional attention to affected children, and a long-term restoration commitment rooted in Gospel grace. The church is called to move beyond stigmatization toward genuine acceptance of wounded individuals, reflecting the redemptive love of Christ. This article concludes that the church's response to divorce must balance biblical integrity with deep compassion, affirming both the sanctity of marriage and the dignity of broken individuals. Thus, the church can become a safe space for every congregation member to experience genuine restoration and rediscover hope in Christ.

Marriage at an early age remains widespread, especially among communities with limited education and financial resources. This study aims to analyze the impact of early marriage on harmony in household life. The research model we employed was a library research design. The approach used was descriptive qualitative through literature review, referring to scholarly sources and secondary data from reputable journals published in the last five years. Findings indicate that the mental unreadiness of both parties (husband and wife) who marry at an early age can lead to instability in household life and increase the risk of marital failure or reduced family harmony. Young couples commonly face challenges in maintaining healthy communication, making joint decisions, and coping with financial pressures, all of which contribute to domestic conflict. In addition, emotional immaturity and limited life experience are also primary causes of disharmony within the family. Therefore, there is a need to improve education and public awareness about the importance of age maturity and mental readiness before marriage in order to create stable and harmonious households. Thus, it is necessary to increase education and public awareness about the importance of age maturity and mental readiness before marriage, in order to create a stable and harmonious household.

Early marriage remains a significant issue in Indonesia, particularly among adolescents, and has serious implications for reproductive health. This community service activity aimed to increase students' knowledge about the impact of early marriage on reproductive health. The activity was conducted at Etislandia Senior High School Medan with 43 participating students. The method used was counseling through lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer sessions, accompanied by pre-test and post-test evaluations. The results showed a significant increase in students' knowledge, with the average pre-test score of 54.2 rising to 85.6 in the post-test. Students showed high enthusiasm during the session and were able to identify various risks of early marriage, including reproductive tract infections, cervical cancer risk, and maternal mortality. This activity has implications for the importance of reproductive health education as a preventive effort against early marriage

Child marriage remains a significant issue negatively impacting the health and quality of the younger generation, particularly through the increased risk of stunting in children. This article discusses the results of an educational outreach titled “Marriage Is Not Just About Legality: Legal Education on Marriage Dispensation and Its Implications for Stunting Prevention Among Students,” conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Parepare. The outreach aimed to raise students’ awareness about the relationship between minimum marriage age, marriage dispensation, and the health impacts on children, especially the risk of stunting. The methods employed included deconstruction, brainstorming, material delivery, reconstruction, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test assessments. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding from both medical and legal perspectives. The discussion focused on analyzing the contradictory legal norms regarding minimum marriage age and marriage dispensation, which frequently lead to implementation challenges. This outreach underscores the importance of integrating legal education and reproductive health as a preventive strategy to reduce child marriage and prevent stunting. Consequently, the program contributes to shaping a healthy, legally aware younger generation capable of making mature and responsible marriage decisions.

This study analyzes the minimum age of marriage in Islamic jurisprudence and compares it with the positive law regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a normative legal method with comparative and conceptual approaches, the study draws on primary sources, including the Qur'an, hadith, Law Number 16 of 2019 on Marriage in Indonesia, and the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territories) Act 1984 in Malaysia. The analysis focuses on how Islamic legal principles concerning marriage eligibility are interpreted and incorporated into contemporary legal frameworks in both countries. The findings reveal that Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) associates marital readiness with the concept of baligh (puberty) without prescribing a specific numerical age, whereas state law establishes fixed minimum age requirements to safeguard the rights and welfare of women and children. Indonesia sets the minimum marriage age at 19 years for both males and females, while Malaysia prescribes 18 years for males and 16 years for females, with judicial dispensation available in both jurisdictions under certain circumstances. These legal arrangements demonstrate each country's effort to harmonize classical Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary social protection objectives through institutional ijtihad, reflecting a balance between religious principles, legal certainty, and public welfare in regulating marriage.

This study is motivated by the author’s interest in the concept of God’s faithfulness (khesed) as revealed in the book of Hosea, which portrays God’s steadfast love through the marriage of Hosea and Gomer. Gomer represents Israel, the unfaithful spouse, while Hosea embodies God’s enduring love despite betrayal. Contemporary family life faces numerous challenges, including infidelity, economic hardship, incompatibility, and divorce problems also affecting Christian families in the Toraja Church congregation of Tabang. This study aims to describe the hermeneutics of khesed in the book of Hosea and its practical theological implications for families in that congregation. A qualitative research method was employed, incorporating library research, field research, and interviews with six informants. The findings reveal that khesed refers to an act of faithfulness rooted in obedience to previously agreed vows, commitments, and principles. The practical theological implication is that every Christian family is called to reflect God’s faithfulness by remaining loyal to their spouse, to others, and to God in every dimension of life.

This study examines the tradition of nikah malem songo within the framework of cultural Islam as a form of acculturation between Islamic teachings and local traditions in the coastal community of Tuban, East Java. The research aims to analyze the acculturation process, identify the religious and cultural values embedded in the tradition, and explore its relevance in contemporary society. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, community figures, and local residents. The findings show that nikah malem songo reflects a harmonious integration of Islamic principles and local cultural practices while maintaining the essential requirements of Islamic marriage. The tradition also contains symbolic elements, such as selecting a sacred time believed to bring blessings. In addition, the practice serves as a social mechanism that strengthens community solidarity, reinforces cultural identity, and transmits values across generations. Although challenged by modernization, globalization, and puritan religious views, the tradition continues to survive through reinterpretation and selective preservation. The study concludes that nikah malem songo represents an inclusive and contextual form of Islam capable of adapting to changing social dynamics.

Early marriage is a social phenomenon that remains prevalent in Indonesia and gives rise to various problems in family life. This article aims to analyze the implications of early marriage in light of the Code of Canon Law (CCL) Nos. 1055 and 1056 in the context of Catholic couples. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of books, scientific journals, and Church documents. The findings indicate that the CIC affirms marriage as a sacred covenant between a man and a woman oriented toward the bonum coniugum (the good of the couple), openness to children, and characterized by unity and indissolubility. In the context of early marriage, various implications were identified, such as emotional immaturity that triggers domestic conflicts, a high risk of divorce, low levels of education, and impacts on the health of mothers and children. Additionally, early marriage also indicates a weak understanding of the sacramental dimension and family responsibilities, including childrearing. Thus, CIC Nos. 1055 and 1056 provide an important normative foundation that marriage requires human, spiritual, and social maturity for the realization of a wholesome and prosperous Catholic family.

The determination of a minimum marriage age is a central issue in Indonesian family law and Islamic legal discourse, particularly regarding the prevention of health, social, and psychological risks associated with child marriage. This study analyzes the alignment between the legal requirement of a minimum age of 19, as stipulated in Law No. 16 of 2019 and Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017, and the framework of maqāṣid sharī‘ah, especially the hierarchical structure of dharuriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. Employing a normative juridical method supported by extensive literature review, this research examines statutory regulations, classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources, works on maqāṣid, and empirical data from national and international institutions. The findings demonstrate that the minimum age of 19 substantively accords with maqāṣid sharī‘ah: at the dharuriyyāt level, it safeguards life, intellect, and lineage from medical, psychological, and social harm; at the ḥājiyyāt level, it prevents economic hardship, emotional instability, and the inability of young couples to assume household roles; and at the taḥsīniyyāt level, it preserves human dignity, ethical conduct, and the sanctity of marriage. Consequently, the regulation is not a departure from classical Islamic jurisprudence but rather an implementation of public interest (maṣlaḥah) adapted to contemporary societal realities. This study affirms that integrating maqasid-based reasoning into public policy strengthens the protection of families and future generations in Indonesia.

Marriage confirmation services are often hampered by manual procedures, leading to delays and administrative errors. This study aims to design and implement a web-based Marriage Confirmation Information System to facilitate registration, document uploads, and online monitoring of verification status and court schedules. The system was developed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database using the Waterfall method, encompassing analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The results show that the system is capable of optimally performing all managerial functions, from document validation to report automation. Black Box testing confirmed that all features functioned as expected and were easy to use. In addition to improving bureaucratic efficiency, the system ensures data security through login encryption and provides transparency through real-time status tracking. The presence of this platform significantly saves time and transportation costs for the public, as bureaucratic processes can be monitored from anywhere. In conclusion, this system successfully supports the digitalization of public services and improves the quality of administration within the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) and Religious Courts, thereby realizing more effective, efficient, accountable, and modern governance for all levels of society

This study aims to examine Deuteronomy 22:13-30 using a hermeneutic approach and relate it to the current level of awareness of early marriage among Christian congregations. The method used was a qualitative literature study, with the Bible as the primary source, supplemented by various related theological literature. The results indicate that this section of the text contains important theological values, such as holiness, justice, responsibility, and respect for human dignity, especially women, in the context of marriage. Although this text originates from the patriarchal culture of ancient Israel, its principles remain relevant in today's context. Regarding the phenomenon of early marriage, it was found that this practice often occurs without adequate preparation, whether emotional, spiritual, or economic, and thus risks causing various problems in the household. Therefore, the church has a responsibility to raise congregational awareness through faith formation, premarital education, and contextual pastoral care. This study confirms that marriage is a life calling that requires maturity and serious commitment, not simply a solution to social problems.

The increase in national divorce rates based on data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2024, which reached 394,608 cases and rose to 438,168 cases in 2025, indicates that family conflicts remain a legal and social issue affecting family resilience, child protection, and social stability in society. In the Indonesian legal system, divorce is fundamentally placed as a last resort (ultimum remedium) after reconciliation thru mediation, as regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures in Court, and provisions in Law Number 18 of 2003 on Advocates. However, studies on the optimization of the preventive role of advocates in divorce mediation are still relatively limited, even tho advocates hold a strategic position as independent law enforcers within the judicial system. This research aims to analyze the legal position of lawyers in divorce mediation and to formulate the optimization of the lawyer's role in preventing avoidable divorces. The research uses a normative juridical method with legislative, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches thru the analysis of various related regulations, legal doctrines, and scientific literature. The research results show that lawyers not only function as legal representatives in litigation processes but also have a preventive role as legal advisors, negotiators, and facilitators of peaceful family dispute resolution. The optimization of these roles can be achieved thru the provision of objective legal advice, early identification of the root causes of family conflicts, facilitation of communication between parties, and collaboration with mediators and family counselors in the mediation process.

The tradition of marriage gift money (uang hantaran) in the Malay community of Melibur Village, Talang Muandau District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, remains a customary practice preserved as a symbol of respect for the bride’s family and a sign of the groom’s seriousness. However, over time, its meaning has shifted toward materialism, as the amount is often determined by social status, educational background, and family prestige, potentially causing economic burdens, psychological pressure, delays, and even the cancellation of marriages. This study aims to describe the practice of uang hantaran and formulate an Islamic legal reconstruction of the tradition in accordance with the principle of simplicity. This research is a field research employing a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed descriptively and analytically using the maslahahmursalah approach in Islamic law. The findings indicate that the practice of uang hantaran in Melibur Village is still maintained as part of local custom; however, its implementation has shifted from a symbolic function to a materialistic one, resulting in economic pressure on the groom’s family, psychological burdens on prospective spouses, and delays in marriage. From the perspective of maslahahmursalah, uang hantaran may be categorized as maslahahhajiyyah when determined flexibly and without imposing hardship, but it becomes mafsadah when the amount is excessive and causes harm. Therefore, the reconstruction of Islamic law regarding this tradition emphasizes that uang hantaran is not a legal requirement for marriage but rather a complementary customary practice whose determination should be based on deliberation, mutual consent, economic capability, and the principle of simplicity (taysir), so that it does not hinder the objectives of marriage in Islam.

This study aims to explore the practice of Buddhist marriage in the Semarang Regency, which is carried out alongside traditions and local wisdom. The research employs a qualitative approach using a cultural anthropology method to examine the influence of Javanese beliefs on the wedding rituals of Buddhist communities in the Semarang Regency area. Data were collected through the review of relevant literature and interviews with selected informants, chosen based on their background and expertise related to the research topic. The collected data were then analyzed in depth to identify the values of local wisdom within Javanese society that coexist harmoniously with Buddhist wedding ceremonies. The findings indicate that Buddhist marriage in Semarang Regency is not merely a legal recognition of union between two individuals entering married life, but also represents a socio-cultural phenomenon reflecting processes of adaptation and negotiation between religious teachings and local cultural values. Buddhist communities in Semarang Regency conduct marriage ceremony according to Buddhist religious traditions combined with Javanese practices. The religious ceremony is performed at a temple and led by a Romo Pandita, and the the wedding ceremonies continue according to Javanese culture. Javanese beliefs remain strongly influential, shaping various stages of marriage, from partner selection and proposal rituals to ceremonial practices during the wedding. Beliefs related to weton calculations, auspicious days, slametan rituals, the preparation of sesajen, and ceremonial elements within wedding receptions continue to maintain their place amid the dynamics of modern society.

Early marriage is a social and legal issue that still frequently occurs in Indonesia and has significant impacts on health, education, and socio-economic aspects. Although the minimum age for marriage has been regulated under Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan, the practice of early marriage remains prevalent due to low legal awareness, as well as economic, cultural, and social environmental factors. This community service activity aims to increase adolescents’ understanding and legal awareness regarding the impacts and prevention of early marriage. The method used is legal counseling with an educative and participatory approach targeting adolescents aged 15–18 years. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of legal regulations, the negative impacts of early marriage, and the importance of delaying marriage age. Furthermore, there is a positive change in participants’ attitudes, with a greater focus on education and future planning. Therefore, legal counseling proves to be an effective preventive effort in reducing the rate of early marriage among adolescents.

Sumbersari Village is one of the few places where child marriage is still a problem. Children's mental health, education, and future prospects are all negatively impacted by this practice. The KKN (Community Service Program) group organizes community service projects that teach fifth and sixth graders about the dangers of child marriage and give them the opportunity to socialize. One of the strategies used is a question and answer session with incentives to increase student engagement, as well as presenting material in simple language and facilitating interactive conversations. The results show that students' interest and knowledge about child marriage risks increases. This activity has limitations due to its limited reach, especially for elementary school children, and the relatively basic nature of the subject matter. Therefore, for initiatives to combat child marriage to be more successful and sustainable, follow-up programs involving parents, adolescents, and community leaders are essential. Collaboration with relevant parties is needed to create deeper policies, as well as increase awareness of the importance of women's education and empowerment in preventing child marriage.

Early marriage remains a social problem that impacts the education, health, and future of the younger generation. A lack of understanding among adolescents and the community about the risks of early marriage is a major contributing factor to this practice. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of students and young people regarding the negative impacts of early marriage and the importance of planning for a healthy and sustainable future. The activity took place on January 12 at MA Darul Rasyidin, Samangki Village, Simbang District, Maros Regency. Methods used included outreach, discussion, and an interactive approach that actively engaged participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of the risks of early marriage from a health, educational, social, and legal perspective. This activity is expected to be a preventative measure to reduce the number of early marriages and encourage the formation of a younger generation that is better prepared for the future.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Good Governance principles—transparency, accountability, participation, effectiveness, efficiency, rule of law, and inclusivity—in public administration services at the Sungai Tabukan Sub-district Office, especially in the Service, Economy, and Social Welfare Section. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of sub-district officials and service user communities. The data was analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn, and tested for validity by triangulation and member check techniques. The results of the study show that procedural transparency, compliance with SOPs, and administrative accountability mechanisms have been running relatively well, so that services such as SKKM, marriage recommendations, and population documents can be processed openly and can be traced. However, the limitations of human resources, facilities, and digital infrastructure cause the effectiveness and efficiency of services to still be conditional and depend on key actors. Community participation has been facilitated through forums and feedback channels, but it is still dominated by village intermediaries so that the direct involvement of residents is not optimal. In terms of the rule of law and inclusivity, services have been based on regulations and are non-discriminatory, although there are still inequality in access and speed of services between regions. The main supporting factors include leadership commitment, internal work culture, and the existence of SOPs, while inhibiting factors include limited human resources, facilities, and information systems that have not been integrated. It was concluded that the implementation of Good Governance in public administration services in Sungai Tabukan District has been running functionally, but has not been fully consolidated systemically. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen policies through the digitization of services, increase the capacity of the apparatus, improve facilities, integrate data-based accountability and transparency systems, and expand citizen participation channels to realize more professional, fair, and sustainable public administration service.

Requests for marriage dispensations are often based on cases of unwanted pregnancy, which create a dilemma involving moral, social, and legal protection considerations. This study aims to analyze the practice of marriage dispensations based on unwanted pregnancy from the perspectives of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, child protection theory, and legal theory. The research method used is normative legal research employing legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The results indicate that the practice of marriage dispensation based on UHP tends to focus on short-term problem-solving namely, avoiding social stigma yet risks neglecting the primary objectives of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, particularly in safeguarding life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and reason (ḥifẓ al-‘aql). From a child protection perspective, the granting of marriage dispensations has the potential to violate the principle of the best interests of the child, as stipulated in Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. Furthermore, there is a tension between legal certainty and substantive justice in the implementation of marriage dispensations in Indonesia. This study concludes that a reconstruction of the marriage dispensation policy is needed, one that is more oriented toward child protection and the substantive objectives of Islamic law, rather than merely legalizing emergency conditions.