Publication Search

Based on article (Shelley, 2010) Human Trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving individuals through force, fraud, or corcecion for the purpose of exploiting them profit. This exploitation may include forced labor, sexual slavery, or other forms of commercial sexual exploitation. It is considered a serious violation of human rights and includes a form of modern slavery, a crime against humanity. Human trafficking is a global threat that requires serious attention and real action. Factors such as poverty, political instability, and lack of public awareness make human trafficking increasingly difficult to eradicate. Therefore, there is a need for international cooperation, government, and community cooperation to prevent, protect, and recover victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to grow, including in Cambodia, which is vulnerable due to geographical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the handling of human trafficking cases in Cambodia from the perspective of international legal policy. Sexual exploitation, forced labor, and organ trafficking are the main forms of this crime. Although Cambodia has adopted various laws, its implementation is still hampered by limited resources, corruption, and weak cooperation between countries. International community support such as the Palermo Protocol has helped, but law enforcement remains inconsistent. This study emphasizes the importance of stricter law enforcement and an adequate rehabilitation system for victims. Collaboration between governments and NGOs is urgently needed to create effective solutions and better protection for victims of human trafficking.

Domestic violence (DV) is a hidden crime phenomenon with complex criminology, deeply rooted in the interaction between economic pressures and unequal social norms. Financial instability, such as unemployment and poverty, creates profound psychological stress on individuals, especially for perpetrators who fail to fulfill their breadwinner role, which is then expressed through aggressive behavior. Economic crises even causally increase stress, leading to physical or psychological violence. The dominant profile of perpetrators is men with low emotional control who are financially stressed and adhere to patriarchal ideology, while the majority of victims are women (housewives) who are vulnerable due to economic dependence and lack of access to resources, reinforcing the dynamics of economic violence as a systematic means of control. Optimizing response requires an integrated approach: strengthening law enforcement through sensitivity to non-physical violence and guaranteeing the protection of victims' assets, empowering victims economically through training and access to capital to foster independence, and transforming social norms through gender equality campaigns and deconstructing patriarchal culture that considers domestic violence a private matter.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to enhance public awareness of the interrelationship between poverty, unemployment, and criminality as key challenges to sustainable economic development in Mandailing Natal Regency. The program was conducted through a cross-sectoral seminar involving speakers from the District Attorney’s Office, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and local community organizations. A total of 120 participants—including students, lecturers, village officials, and the general public—took part in the event. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure participants’ improvement in understanding. The results showed an average increase in comprehension scores from 2.84 to 4.05 on a 1–5 scale (a 42.6 percent rise). Participants demonstrated greater awareness of the structural link between economic pressures and criminal behavior. This PKM activity successfully strengthened community understanding of the importance of inter-agency synergy in addressing poverty and unemployment as preventive measures against crime. Cross-sectoral public education proved effective in fostering social awareness and serves as a replicable model for other regions.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to enhance public awareness of the interrelationship between poverty, unemployment, and criminality as key challenges to sustainable economic development in Mandailing Natal Regency. The program was conducted through a cross-sectoral seminar involving speakers from the District Attorney’s Office, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and local community organizations. A total of 120 participants—including students, lecturers, village officials, and the general public—took part in the event. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure participants’ improvement in understanding. The results showed an average increase in comprehension scores from 2.84 to 4.05 on a 1–5 scale (a 42.6 percent rise). Participants demonstrated greater awareness of the structural link between economic pressures and criminal behavior. This PKM activity successfully strengthened community understanding of the importance of inter-agency synergy in addressing poverty and unemployment as preventive measures against crime. Cross-sectoral public education proved effective in fostering social awareness and serves as a replicable model for other regions.

The Law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Indonesian House of Representatives on February 4, 2025 has been ratified, and then signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 24, 2025, destroying the concept of who the state administrators are as regulated in Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean State Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.Law No. 1 of 2025 concerning BUMN, places the directors, commissioners, and supervisors of the state-owned company not as state administrators. This means that the Corruption Eradication Commission or KPK can no longer handle law enforcement in BUMN if corruption occurs, except for the Police, Prosecutor's Office and BPK (supervision), as stated in Article 3X of Law No. 1 of 2025, which states that: "The Agency's organs and employees are not state administrators. It is emphasized again in Article 9G: Members of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Supervisory Board of BUMN are not state administrators". Meanwhile, financial supervision is still carried out by the Audit Board as stated in Article 3K: Audit of the management and financial responsibility of the Agency is carried out by the Audit Board. Although in the KPK Law, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (1) that: "In carrying out the duties as referred to in Article 6 letter e, the Corruption Eradication Commission has the authority to conduct investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions against Corruption Crimes that: a. involve law enforcement officers, State Administrators, and other people related to Corruption Crimes committed by law enforcement officers or State Administrators; and/or b. involve state losses of at least IDR 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)".Therefore, the Law Order, the KPK must submit and obey to carry it out, because the Law (UU) functions as a basic or principal rule for organizing the state, regulating society, a tool to limit power, and as a means of social renewal. The Law also functions to regulate life in society, the nation, and the state and is expected to be able to resolve various problems that exist in society.In fact, the impact of corruption in BUMN is no joke. The destruction of economic growth, state and community income can be disrupted which results in direct state losses, but leads to the potential for increasing poverty and the loss of the government's safety net in the form of declining quality of public services and investor confidence in Indonesia, etc.

This study explores the critical role of law in preventing and addressing crimes within the trade sector, focusing on specific economic crimes such as corruption, embezzlement, market manipulation, and smuggling. These crimes are on the rise, primarily driven by social and economic inequality. Unequal wealth distribution, weak regulatory oversight, and legal loopholes create opportunities for individuals and groups to pursue illicit financial gains. Powerful economic entities often exploit these weaknesses to maintain monopolistic control, deepening inequality and obstructing fair competition. Moreover, inadequate law enforcement and a lack of transparency within bureaucratic systems contribute to the widespread practices of bribery and collusion between business actors and government officials. This undermines the effectiveness of existing regulations and diminishes public confidence in the legal framework. The consequences of such economic crimes extend beyond financial losses; they significantly affect the broader society. These include rising poverty and unemployment, the deterioration of public trust in legal institutions, and increased social instability, all of which threaten sustainable economic development. To address these challenges, this study applies criminological and legal perspectives, underlining the necessity of multisectoral collaboration. It advocates for stronger government and legal institutional efforts, along with active community engagement, to enhance oversight mechanisms and promote transparency. Firm and equitable enforcement of laws is essential in ensuring justice and restoring trust. Ultimately, a collective commitment to legal reform and accountability is vital to building a trade environment that is fair, inclusive, and conducive to long-term national growth.

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2021 to 2023, the crime rate in Indonesia increased by 345,510 cases. This increase indicates social problems, particularly in the economic sector. Factors such as high unemployment, high poverty rates, and low minimum wages are the main causes driving crime. When people's basic needs are not met, the potential for deviant behavior to meet their living needs tends to increase. This study aims to analyze the influence of unemployment, poverty, and the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on crime rates in Indonesia, both partially and simultaneously. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data sources obtained from official BPS publications. The data used is panel data, namely a combination of time series (time span) and cross-section (across regions/provinces) data for the period 2021–2023. Data analysis was performed using a panel data regression model with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach after undergoing the Hausman Test. The results show that partially, the three variables—unemployment, poverty, and the UMP—have a significant influence on crime rates. Simultaneous testing also showed that collectively, these three variables significantly influence the crime rate. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) test result of 93.5% indicates that unemployment, poverty, and the minimum wage (UMP) variables are able to explain most of the variation in crime rates in Indonesia during the study period, while the remaining 6.5% is influenced by other variables not included in the model. This finding emphasizes the importance of improving the economic conditions of the community through job creation, poverty alleviation, and minimum wage adjustments as preventative measures to reduce crime rates in Indonesia.

Theft of railroad rails in South Lampung is a crime that threatens the safety of transportation and public services. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause this crime and examine the prevention efforts that have been made. The method used is an empirical approach through literature studies and interviews with the police, perpetrators of crime, and academics. The results of the study show that theft is triggered by socio-economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, lack of family supervision, and negative social environmental influences. Lack of legal understanding and easy access to crime information also worsen the situation. Prevention efforts are carried out through three approaches: pre-emptive (legal education and social development), preventive (supervision and protection of infrastructure), and repressive (law enforcement). Collaboration between the community and law enforcement officers is the main key to preventing and overcoming this crime in a sustainable manner.

Islam is a religion that places its concentration on regulating the economic order, so that the economic cycle is not only focused on one group or dominated by certain people. Islam applies strict sanctions against the hoarding of the economy that is only accessible to certain groups who have power, while the weak can only be witnesses. The economic gap that has been felt lately is a trigger for the compartmentalization of human life. Relationships between humans become foreign, do not know each other, let alone care about the problems felt by each individual. Life that feels foreign in the midst of society because of individualistic lifestyles is a trigger for crime and other bad behavior caused by economic inequality. Sayyidina Ali said that disbelief occurs due to persistent poverty. Even the crime of theft is also triggered by poverty.

The condition of a country experiencing an economic crisis can have a very broad impact on the country, one of which is the lack of domestic employment opportunities, resulting in an increase in the number of unemployed people, which leads to the goverment’s helplessness to overcome poverty. This causes citizens to flock to work abroad. The handling must be balanced with cooperation with several parties, not only the government, and implementers of labor placement but also to prospective workers so that legal problems do not arise between workers and those who provide work. This study aims to analyze efforts to overcome the crime of trafficking in persons for Indonesian migrant workers. This research uses normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches to understand the obstacles and challenges in handling human trafficking cases.

Indonesia needs get rid of terrorism For forever . Journal This aiming For describe and analyze with use approach various effort countermeasures crime terrorism in Indonesia. Methods research used​ in study This use approach qualitative descriptive For serve description about terrorism and some strategy For to fight crime This is in Indonesia. Formulation problem based on description background back on top is as following : what just factor crime terrorism in Indonesia and how method overcome crime terrorism in Indonesia. Terrorism is disturbing phenomenon . Efforts​ countermeasures crime terrorism committed​ Government implemented through effort repressive . There are five factors that cause crime terrorism in Indonesia, namely : ethnicity , nationalism / separatism , poverty and inequality and globalization , non-democracy , violations dignity humans and religious radicalism .

Human Trafficking is a crime in the form of human transaction. In Indonesia order to ensnare perpetrators of human trafficking, we use Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Human Trafficking. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the factors that cause human trafficking, the consequences of human trafficking crimes and how to overcome human trafficking crimes in the perspective of criminology, the negative impacts of human trafficking on the social environment. This study uses a normative legal research method, the data used is primary data. The analysis technique used is a qualitative approach. The results of this study are that human trafficking crimes seen from a criminological perspective can be associated with many things, including lack of awareness of poverty, low education, the desire to get rich quick, cultural factors, law enforcement. Human trafficking prevention can be classified into two types. Preventive prevention efforts are all efforts to reduce the space for movement and opportunities for crimes to be committed, and repressive prevention efforts are actions taken by law enforcement officers after a crime or criminal act has occurred. In eradicating and reducing trafficking, cross- country cooperation is also needed.

Human trafficking is a serious crime that continues to evolve at both national and international levels. In Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, human trafficking has become a major issue, particularly concerning the illegal trafficking of Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs). This research employs a juridical-empirical approach, using interviews and document studies as data collection techniques. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The factors contributing to human trafficking in Belu Regency can be categorized into internal and external factors. Internal factors include the perpetrators' motivation to gain quick financial benefits without considering the consequences and the victims' poor economic conditions and lack of awareness of their rights. External factors encompass poverty, low levels of education, limited job opportunities, and weak law enforcement, which creates opportunities for the perpetrators. (2) The modus operandi of the perpetrators involves deception, such as promising high-paying jobs with good working conditions, which ultimately leads to the exploitation of victims. (3) Efforts to combat human trafficking involve preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures. Preemptive efforts include public awareness campaigns, preventive measures focus on monitoring illegal recruitment activities, and repressive measures involve law enforcement actions against the perpetrators.

Surabaya is a prototype with industrialization in the growth of the city. In such an environment, crime occurs due to the pressure of forces that divide society, causing social bonds to break and resulting in higher crime rates. Theories of crime in the context of social disorganization discuss the social and spatial structure of a community and how these factors can influence criminal behavior. These theories assume that poor social organization, low socioeconomic status, weak social ties, and high spatial mobility can lead to a lack of social control, which in turn can encourage criminal behavior. The crime theories in the context of social disorganization, particularly the theory developed by Shaw and McKay, focus on how the social and spatial structure of a community can affect criminal behavior. This study was conducted in Surabaya, which is undergoing social changes due to environmental factors, poverty, ethnic wealth, educational status, and an underdeveloped per capita welfare. Data was obtained through surveys and interviews with local residents, as well as statistical analysis related to crime rates. The research findings show that areas with higher levels of social disintegration tend to have higher crime rates. Factors such as unemployment, economic inequality, and weakening social ties have been found to significantly contribute to the increase in crime. In conclusion, social disintegration is a key factor that drives individuals to engage in criminal acts, especially in societies experiencing socio-economic inequalities. Therefore, crime prevention efforts require a comprehensive approach, including strengthening social and economic structures in society through the city government.

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, despite the decline of classical biological theory, the idea that biological factors play a role in criminal behavior has again gained attention, especially with the emergence of new fields of study such as neurocriminology and behavioral genetics. This approach, often referred to as Neo-Lombrosianism, updates the old biological theory by integrating new findings from modern science. Unfortunately, while the findings of genetics and neurobiology offer a new landscape for searching for the causes of crime, they risk ignoring the important role of social factors such as poverty, opportunity, social processes, trauma, and structural injustice. This study used a data collection method collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study indicate that Neo-Lombrosianism has made a significant contribution to the understanding of the relationship between biological factors and criminal behavior, this approach must be balanced with a full awareness of the importance of social, economic, and environmental factors in influencing human behavior. However, there is a great risk that genetic findings can be used to support unfair policies, especially if biological factors are considered to be the main determinants of criminal behavior.

This study aims to find out and analyze the criminological review of the crime of trafficking in persons studied in Ende Regency The type of research used in the study is empirical juridical research. Empirical Juridical Research, where prospective researchers conduct research in the field. Data collection technique by conducting interviews with 3 resource persons. As well as the data analysis techniques used, namely descriptive-qualitative analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) The factors that cause the occurrence of trafficking in Ende Regency. Namely, (a) Financial emotional pressure, (b) Lack of legal and moral awareness, (c) Poverty and economic inequality, (d) Lack of education and employment opportunities, (e) social and cultural, (f) family. (2) Efforts to combat trafficking in Ende Regency. In an effort to overcome trafficking in Ende Regency through 3 efforts, Preemptive, Preventive, and Repressive.

Birth problems are one of the problems that have not been resolved in various regions, where an average mother gives birth to three to four children. The increase in population due to births will also affect various aspects of development, and pose a big risk to ensuring community welfare. For example, opportunities to obtain educational facilities, job opportunities, health insurance, housing and can increase opportunities for increasing poverty and crime. To find out which factors influence the birth of a baby, an association rule is needed to find out which factors influence the birth of a baby which can be seen from several criteria such as a woman who has a low level of education or a bachelor's degree, a woman who marries at an old age. , or women who marry underage, give birth naturally or surgically. Association rules are a data mining technique for determining the relationship between items in a set of data that has been determined. By determining min support 0.01, confidence 0.1 and 7 itemsets, the results obtained are 25 data items with varying min support and confidence with a maximum support x confidence result of 100%. By using the a priori method, 14 of the best rules were produced by producing the most up-to-date information.

Corruption is an unlawful act that has an impact on material and state financial losses, and also has an impact on the obstruction of infrastructure development programs and the development of people's welfare. Constitutionally, the poverty felt by the people is the responsibility of the state, but with acts of corruption, people are forced to become poor so that people are neglected from the control and protection of the state. This means that acts and deeds of corruption are evil acts that must be a concern so that they do not occur and must receive maximum punishment, the people are also educated to view acts of corruption as a common enemy and a crime that cannot be tolerated. This study aims to provide guidelines so that acts of corruption can be minimized with various approaches, including through a religious approach.    

One way to restore the lost state corruption is to impose additional punishment in the form of restitution payments. This effort provides results in the form of income to the state treasury from the payment of restitution. Of the several convicts who have been deposited the amount of restitution payments. Restitution as an additional punishment in corruption cases must be understood as part of the efforts to punish those who violate the law that is violated is a further act of corruption. Corruption has resulted in poverty so that the perpetrators of corruption must be sentenced to payment of restitution due to corruption that has occurred so far, in addition to harming state finances and the state economy, it also hampers the continuity of national development.The type of research conducted in the preparation of this research is normative juridical, which is viewed from the object of research is positive law that examines the rules of law governing criminal acts of corruption in an effort to prevent the prevention of criminal acts of corruption. The data obtained in this research will be analysed qualitatively in accordance with the specification of the nature of the research to examine between theory and practice in the form of criminal acts of corruption in an effort to prevent the prevention of criminal acts of corruption. Qualitative data analysis is to explore social facts not only on the surface but also to explore what actually happens behind the real events. Corruption that results in state financial losses in the concept of eradicating corruption is all expenditures or uses that are a burden on state finances where the expenditure or use of state money is based on unlawful acts, including reduced income or income to state finances based on unlawful acts, unlawful acts that result in state financial losses must be caused by acts that contain the nature of criminal law (wederrechtelijk). The imposition of restitution payments in the eradication of corruption as stipulated in Article 18 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption is a means that can be applied to realise recovery efforts or recovery of state finances caused by corruption, restitution payments are imposed on the perpetrators of corruption in the amount of property obtained from corruption and the amount of property that has been transferred by the perpetrator to other parties where the other party is not prosecuted and does not commit acts against criminal law (wederrechtelijk).

Indonesia needs to get rid of terrorism once and for all. This journal aims to describe and analyze using the approach of various efforts to counter terrorism crimes in Indonesia. The research method used in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to present an overview of terrorism and several strategies to combat this crime in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem based on the description of the background above is as follows: what are the factors of terrorism crimes in Indonesia and how to overcome terrorism crimes in Indonesia. Terrorism is a disturbing phenomenon. Efforts to counter terrorism crimes carried out by the Government are implemented through repressive efforts. There are five factors that cause terrorism crimes in Indonesia, namely: tribalism, nationalism/separatism, poverty and inequality and globalization, non-democracy, violations of human dignity and religious radicalism.