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This community service activity was carried out through the Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) program at SDN 30 V Koto Kampung Dalam, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra. The activity aimed to restore the psychological condition and learning spirit of students who experienced trauma following a fire disaster. Five educational games were implemented, namely sendok tepung (spoon and flour), pipet aqua (straw transfer), naga balon (balloon dragon), biskuit Roma (biscuit game), and joget balon (balloon dance). These games were selected to stimulate physical, social, emotional, and mental aspects of students. The instruction was delivered directly using a microphone and speaker system, with a storytelling approach that sparked imagination rather than evoking pity. The impact was measured through behavioral observation, with positive indicators including students transitioning from drooping posture to upright, laughter replacing silence, and passive children beginning to vocalize and cheer. Results indicated that educational game-based socialization is effective as a non-therapeutic initial psychosocial recovery strategy for disaster-affected children. This activity demonstrates that simple and participatory methods can significantly contribute to restoring children's learning motivation and psychological resilience post-disaster.

Musculoskeletas disorders (MSDs) adalah kumpulan gejala atau kondisi yang berkaitan dengan jaringan otot, tulang rawan, tendon, sistem saraf, ligamen, struktur tulang, dan pembuluh darah. Pengrajin tenun sering terpaksa berada dalam posisi tubuh sama dalam waktu lama atau melakukan gerakan berulang, sehingga meningkatkan risiko MSDs. Faktor risiko keluhan MSDs meliputi faktor pekerjaan, individu, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan musculoskeletas disorders (MSDs) pada pengrajin tenun Desa Masalili Kecamatan Kontunaga Kabupaten Muna tahun 2025. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif yang bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 73 pengrajin tenun yang diperoleh menggunakan accidental sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengolahan data melalui analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengombinasikan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan postur kerja (Pvalue = 0,000) < (? = 0,05),  beban kerja (Pvalue = 0,000) < (? = 0,05), lama kerja (Pvalue = 0,000) < (? = 0,05), status gizi (Pvalue = 0,000) < (? = 0,05) dengan keluhan MSDs. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara postur kerja, beban kerja, lama kerja dan status gizi dengan keluhan Musculoskeletas Disorders (MSDs).

The hospital laundry installation is a non-medical supporting unit with a high risk of occupational health and safety (OHS) hazards due to direct exposure to chemicals, machinery, and contaminated linen. Potential hazards in this unit include physical (heat, noise), chemical (detergents and disinfectants), biological (viruses and bacteria from linen), and ergonomic (improper working posture) risks. This study is a descriptive quantitative research with a semi-quantitative approach. The aim is to identify, assess, evaluate, and control OHS risks in the laundry unit. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document review with seven laundry staff members. Risk assessment was conducted using a risk matrix based on the AS/NZS 4360:2004 standard. The results show that several risks ranged from low to very high levels, including infection from linen, chemical exposure, noise, and injury from machinery. Risk control measures implemented include applying the hierarchy of controls, starting from elimination, substitution, engineering controls, Administratif controls, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). It is concluded that improvements in supervision, staff training, and facility upgrades are necessary to minimize occupational accidents in the laundry installation.

Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is an important aspect in protecting workers from potential accidents and health problems arising from work activities, including in the administrative sector, which is often considered low-risk. However, the Human Resources (HR) Department at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch still found several potential hazards and work risks that have not been optimally identified. This study aims to apply the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) methods to identify and mitigate hazards and work accident risks in the HR Department's activities at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch. The research method is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach through observation and interviews. Risk analysis used the JSA and HAZOPS methods. The results of the study show that the application of the HAZOPS method in five sections of the HR Department successfully identified 53 potential hazards and risks, consisting of 12 extreme risks, 23 high risks, 15 moderate risks, and 3 low risks with the Employee Training and Development section as the section with the largest number of risks. Meanwhile, the application of the JSA method also identified 53 potential hazards and risks from 19 work activities. The dominant risks stem from non-ergonomic work postures, prolonged sitting, intensive computer use, and high workloads. This study concludes that the JSA and HAZOPS methods are effective in identifying potential occupational hazards and risks and can serve as the basis for control efforts to minimize workplace accidents and improve OHS implementation in the HR Department.

Lifting activities are an essential part of manual material handling across various industrial sectors and constitute a primary source of ergonomic risk exposure when performed with inappropriate work postures. The use of hands-off tools such as push-pull sticks is often implemented to maintain a safe distance between workers and loads and to reduce exposure to line-of-fire hazards. However, the implementation of work aids does not automatically ensure neutral work postures, as push-pull techniques, reach distances, and environmental conditions can still lead to awkward postures. This study aims to evaluate the work posture risk in lifting activities using a fiber-composite push-pull stick based on the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. The research was conducted as an observational analytic field study involving nine workers in tubular pushing and pulling activities. Work postures were documented through direct observation and visual recordings, then assessed using REBA to obtain risk scores, risk categories, and required corrective actions. The results indicate that work postures fall into the medium to high-risk categories, with trunk and shoulder components being the dominant contributors. These findings confirm the need for improvements in work methods, ergonomic training, and strengthening of lifting SOPs to optimize the safety and ergonomic benefits of work aids.

Ironing activities in the laundry service industry are performed repeatedly and for long periods, creating a high potential for non-ergonomic work postures. At Laundry Cio’ta, ironing is carried out every day from 08:00 to 21:00 by two workers, which increases the risk of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders due to continuous and repetitive movements. This study aims to analyze workers’ ironing postures using the REBA method to determine the level of ergonomic risk. Data were collected through direct observation and measurement of body posture angles during the ironing process. The assessment results showed a Score A of 4 and a Score B of 2, producing an initial REBA score of 4. With the addition of an activity score of +1, considering the repetitive nature of the task, the final REBA score increased to 5. This score indicates a moderate level of risk, suggesting that corrective actions are necessary to prevent long-term strain or injury. Based on these findings, ergonomic improvements such as adjusting the ironing table height, modifying the work layout, and encouraging workers to adopt better posture are recommended. Implementing short rest breaks and task variation can also help reduce physical strain and improve worker comfort and productivity.

Welding work on ships carries high risks of health disturbances due to exposure to heat, smoke, chemicals, and poor ergonomic work positions. This study aims to identify potential occupational health hazards among welders working on the MV KAREEM ship at PT. Samudra Marine Indonesia in 2025. The study uses a descriptive observational design with total sampling technique, involving 30 welders. Data were collected through direct observation using observation sheets and documentation in accordance with the welding SOP. The results of the study revealed five categories of health hazards. Physical hazards included excessive heat, noise, and poor lighting. Chemical hazards included welding fumes, metal dust, and toxic gases. Biological hazards arose from exposure to microorganisms in the work environment. Ergonomic hazards were related to awkward posture, prolonged static positions, and manual handling loads. Psychosocial hazards included long working hours, high workload, and conflicts among workers. The findings emphasize that welders are prone to health disturbances due to various risk factors. Preventive measures, including improving the work environment, implementing stricter safety standards, and providing occupational health education, are essential to reduce these risks.

Sewing workers at CV Cahaya Setia Mulia Abadi perform static and repetitive tasks, such as prolonged sitting in a bent posture and continuous sewing movements. These conditions lead to various physical complaints, including back pain (78%), lower neck pain (75%), upper neck discomfort (73%), as well as shoulder fatigue, wrist tingling, and lower back stiffness. This research is conducted to evaluate the potential risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through the application of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, determine the body parts most frequently affected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire, and develop posture correction strategies based on anthropometric measurements.The REBA results indicate that most sewing activities fall into the medium-risk category (score 5–7), with some in the high-risk category (score 8). The intervention involved adjusting chair dimensions based on anthropometry, and adding seat cushions and backrests. After the simulation of improvements, the REBA score decreased to 2, placing it in the low-risk category. These findings demonstrate that ergonomic chair design and proper working posture significantly reduce physical strain, increase comfort, and help maintain worker productivity. This study offers practical recommendations for creating a healthier and safer work environment in the manufacturing sector.

This study aims to analyze working posture and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among wide-body fairing maintenance operators at PT GMF AeroAsia. Manual handling during aircraft maintenance often causes non-ergonomic postures that increase the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method was used to quantitatively assess postural risk, while the Nordic Body Map (NBM) identified subjective discomfort reported by workers. Results showed that most complaints occurred in the right hand, back, and neck, with risk levels ranging from moderate to very high. Based on these findings, recommendations include workstation redesign, use of assistive tools, and ergonomic training to help reduce MSD risks and improve workplace safety. This study contributes practical insights into ergonomic applications, particularly in the aircraft maintenance industry.

This study evaluates the implementation of Behavior Based Safety (BBS) in improving occupational safety compliance at PT Wichindo Pratama, a heavy equipment manufacturing company with high work risks. The topic was chosen due to frequent violations of safety procedures, such as the improper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and neglect of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), which increase the risk of accidents. A qualitative method was used through direct observation, in-depth interviews with 12 shift workers, and field assessments of safety facilities. The findings show that although the company has an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management system, non-compliance still occurs. Issues include incomplete PPE usage, disorganized work tools, and unsafe rest habits. Observations revealed potential hazards such as physical (noise), chemical (oil exposure), ergonomic (awkward postures), mechanical (machine use without full PPE), biological, and psychological risks (stress from shift work). BBS is seen as a strategy to connect existing OHS policies with safe work behavior by focusing on mindset and daily habits. The implementation of BBS is expected to reduce accidents and support the creation of a safer, more sustainable workplace.

Work fatigue and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common health issues among workers in the weaving industry. Fatigue often results from excessive workload, while MSD complaints typically include pain in the back, neck, wrists, elbows, and legs. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 45 active weavers in Numponi Village. The results showed significant associations between work fatigue and age (p=0.003), work duration (p=0.007), working posture (p=0.002), workload (p=0.014), and working hours (p=0.017), but not with temperature (p=0.561). Similarly, MSD complaints were significantly associated with age (p=0.001), work duration (p=0.003), working posture (p=0.025), workload (p=0.003), and working hours (p=0.002), with no significant link to temperature (p=0.826). It is recommended that weavers apply proper ergonomic principles to reduce the risk of fatigue and MSDs.

In the cracker production process at UMKM Kerupuk Subur, the process of drying crackers involves human labor so there is a risk of injury because when drying crackers, workers have to bend and squat. This study aims to determine the occupational dangers of workers during the drying process of crackers in UMKM Kerupuk Subur and provide recommendations for improvement. The method used to analyze body posture is Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) then for improvement recommendations using an anthropometric approach with percentile calculations to determine dimensions as parameters for designing the work aids needed in the form of an ergonomic drying table. The results of REBA's analysis show a score of 9 with a high or high level, meaning there is a high risk of injury so immediate improvement is needed. The results of the design of an ergonomic drying table were then simulated through Inventor software which described the position of the worker's posture when carrying out cracker drying activities with a perpendicular working position. The results of the assessment of the working posture of the worker after the improvement showed a decrease in the risk level from medium to low and negligible.

PT. Indonesia Plafon Semesta is a company engaged in manufacturing, this company produces various kinds of PVC ceilings. Problems faced by PT. Indonesia Plafon Semesta is the activity of making PVC ceilings in the packing section, where the activity conditions or workers' posture is not good. When packing by squatting and bending, the position is less ergonomic, resulting in excessive force exertion and the risk of injury. This research aims to determine the level of complaints felt by workers in body parts by identifying them using the Nordic Body Map (NBM), Manual Task Risk Assessment (ManTRA) to determine the level of risk experienced by workers and knowing how many angles are formed. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is used to calculate worker posture and provide a score of the worker's proposed posture using Anthropometry. Data processing was carried out using NBM calculations for workers who had the highest score of 51 and the lowest 44. Knowing the level of risk experienced by workers with Mantra protection with the back, forearms, neck and wrists > 15 and the angle formed in the REBA calculation using score 10. Improvement of the proposed posture with Anthropomerti with a TPO calculation of 32.5 cm and JTD cm of 69 by paying attention to the object being worked on with REBA calculation results having a score of 7.

The increasing trend of working from home since the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new occupational health challenges, particularly regarding ergonomics. This study aimed to improve ergonomic awareness through structured education on proper work postures for home-based workers. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, the research evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions based on behavior change theories. Results demonstrated that interventions using the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) reduced Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) scores from 5.65 to 3.95 and decreased forward head posture by 9°. Similarly, participatory ergonomic approaches increased straight back posture from 59% to 75% of work time, with a 98% participant satisfaction rate. Educational strategies combining short workplace demonstrations, reminder media, and physical exercises proved more effective than conventional training methods. Theory-based weekly training sessions reduced the proportion of high-risk workers from 60% to 21% within three months. The study concludes that structured work posture education based on behavior change theories effectively enhances ergonomic awareness among home-based workers and significantly reduces health risks associated with poor posture.

Workers in the shoe sole making industry in Mergelo Mojokerto in carrying out the production process do work with unnatural postures that are carried out repeatedly. It was found that shoe sole workers experienced moderate and high Musculoskeletal Disorders. The purpose of this study, namely to analyze work postures and tenure with Musculoskeletal Disorders. This research method is quantitative cross sectional design with saturation sampling technique on 31 workers using spearman rank analysis of SPSS 26 application. The research instruments are Nordic Body Map (NBM), stopwatch, and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Based on the results of the analysis, the significance value of work posture with Musculoskeletal Disorders is 0.00 <0.05 and the significance value of repetitive motion with Musculoskeletal Disorders is 0.010 <0.05. Work posture and repetitive motion factors have a significant relationship with Musculoskeletal Disorders. This study suggests replacing work facilities that lack ergonomics and performing streching movements before performing work activities.

Pregnancy is a very important experience for a woman. Based on the journal Of Midwifery issued in 2020, it is stated that lower back pain is the most common complaint in the third trimester of pregnancy. Predisposing factors for back pain include uterine growth which causes changes in posture, weight gain, the influence of the relaxin hormone on ligaments, previous history of back pain, parity and activity. Research Objective: to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on lower back pain in third trimester pregnant women at the Malifut Community Health Center. This type of research is experimental research involving one group of subjects with a pre-experimental approach, one group pretest posttest design. The respondents for this research were 30 people. Purposive sampling technique. Results: This study showed that 30 respondents who had not been treated with progressive muscle relaxation techniques experienced moderate pain as many as 18 people (60%) and experienced mild pain as many as 12 people (40%). Shows that 30 people (100%) experienced a reduction in pain. The results after it was discovered that the Wilcoxon test was carried out above the P value = 0.000 (< 0.05) so that there was a significant difference between lower back pain before the relaxation intervention was given. Advice for pregnant women who experience levels of pain is to carry out progressive muscle relaxation to reduce the level of lower back pain  

PT SC is engaged in the cement industry. One of the parts in PT SC is the packing plant, in which there are various activities such as lifting and arranging sack cement on trucks. The lifting and arrangement of the sack cement is carried out manually by the worker in a bent body position and added with a load of cement that must be lifted, namely 50 kg, this position is carried out repeatedly with a working duration of less than 12 hours. The REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method will be used to analyze the work posture of workers. This method is used to analyze body posture which is used to analyze all parts of the body. Work posture assessment was carried out on four workers with conditions before and after sacking cement removal. Based on the measurement results, the average score obtained is +10 which means it has a high risk so that investigation and implementation of changes are needed.      

This research delves into strategies aimed at enhancing occupational safety and health practices within pilotage operations at Semayang Port, operated by PT. Pelindo Balikpapan. Given the inherently high-risk nature of port activities, particularly pilotage, ensuring the safety and well-being of workers is paramount. This research is motivated by the imperative to curtail workplace incidents and bolster operational efficiency through the implementation of robust strategies. A SWOT analysis was employed to comprehensively assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats inherent in the port's existing occupational safety and health system. The findings of this analysis revealed that a 'Turn Around' strategy, situated in Quadrant II of the SWOT matrix, presents the most viable course of action. This strategy effectively leverages external opportunities to mitigate internal weaknesses, thereby optimizing the overall safety and health posture. By adopting the 'Turn Around' strategy, PT. Pelindo Balikpapan is poised to elevate the standards of occupational safety and health within its pilotage operations at Semayang Port. Consequently, this is expected to lead to a reduction in accidents and a commensurate improvement in overall operational performance.

UKM Wintolo is a small and medium business that produces molds using liquid aluminum as the base material. UKM Wintolo has 3 workers with different age ranges. When initial observations were made, it was seen that the position and posture of workers when working were not neutral and not ergonomic, so community service activities were carried out at UKM Wintolo with the theme of improving processes and work environments in accordance with ergonomics rules at UKM Wintolo. This activity was carried out for 2 days, namely the first day was carried out by providing socialization material according to the theme of the activity, and taking measurements using the anthropometric method in making work facilities. The work facilities that have been refurbished include work chairs that are used for the mold preparation process and the process of taking mold results. On the second day, the products that had been made for these two activities were handed over. Community service activities are carried out to avoid musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) complaints and this will subsequently have an impact on increasing worker productivity. Through this activity, it can be seen that there is a change in the position and posture of workers while working.

Applying ergonomic principles in work tool design for manufacturing industries is a crucial factor in improving productivity while maintaining worker health. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of adaptive work tool design models based on cognitive and physiological ergonomic principles, identify interaction patterns between workstation design and operational performance, and develop a conceptual framework for integrating ergonomic principles into production cycles. The research method adopts a cognitive-physiological approach with qualitative analysis of human-machine interactions, biomechanical simulations using digital human modeling, and muscle load measurements through electromyography. Implementation was conducted using a participatory ergonomics approach and IMU sensor-based real-time monitoring systems. Results show that using materials with controlled deformation capabilities (15-20%) in work tools reduces muscle work by up to 27%, while adaptive automation system integration improves assembly accuracy by 18%. Workstations with ergonomic adjustments increase assembly speed by an average of 12%, and low-cost ergonomic interventions effectively improve productivity by 11-15% in resource-limited environments. Longitudinal analysis reveals that evidence-based ergonomic investments yield a 230% ROI through increased productivity, reduced injury compensation costs, and decreased employee turnover. IMU-based posture monitoring systems integrated with adaptive feedback loops reduced musculoskeletal disorder incidents by up to 41%. In conclusion, ergonomic optimization based on cognitive-physiological principles creates synergy between production efficiency and worker well-being, making it an essential component in achieving sustainable productivity.