Publication Search

Package C equivalency education is a strategic non-formal education policy designed to provide senior secondary education access for citizens who are not served by the formal schooling system. This study evaluates the implementation of the Package C Equivalency Education Policy at the Non-Formal Education Unit Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar in Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. The study addresses the gap between the policy objective of expanding equitable access to secondary education and the practical constraints found in local implementation. Using a qualitative evaluative case study design, the research applies the Context, Input, Process, and Product evaluation model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis involving program managers, tutors, learners, parents, alumni, and non-formal education supervisors. The findings show that the policy is contextually relevant to learners who face economic barriers, employment demands, age constraints, and limited access to formal schooling. However, input capacity remains insufficient due to limited tutor availability, inadequate andragogical competence, insufficient learning media, and learning modules that are not yet fully contextualized. The process dimension reveals inconsistent learning schedules, lecture-dominated instruction, weak adult-learning practices, and suboptimal monitoring. Product evaluation indicates positive outcomes in graduation, academic confidence, and access to administrative requirements for work or further study, but practical skills and socio-economic impacts remain limited. The study concludes that Package C policy implementation requires stronger socialization, tutor capacity development, contextual learning resources, flexible learning management, and local policy support to generate sustainable public value.

Quality education is one of the 17 global goals known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4. This goal aims to ensure equitable, inclusive, and quality education for all people. In Indonesia, elementary school teachers play the most important role because they interact directly with students every day. This article comprehensively examines the role of elementary school teachers in supporting SDG 4 from three main perspectives: teachers’ professional competence, innovative teaching methods, and teachers’ involvement within the school community. The method used is a systematic review of 45 selected scientific sources published between 2020 and 2024, including international journals, reports from global institutions, and Indonesian government policy documents.The findings show that competent, creative, and highly dedicated elementary school teachers are closely related to improving learning quality, increasing school participation, and developing positive character in students. However, several major challenges remain unresolved, such as unequal teacher distribution, low welfare, and limited access to technology—especially in remote areas. This article recommends three main actions: strengthening continuous teacher professional development policies, improving the teacher performance evaluation system to make it more comprehensive, and increasing collaboration among the government, universities, and local communities in order to achieve SDG 4 effectively in Indonesia.

This study examines the systemic transformation of Japan’s refugee and immigration policy from 2021 to 2025, exploring how humanitarian paradigms have been superseded by state security considerations. The research aims to analyze how Japan constructs refugees as an existential threat to legitimize its restrictive reception regime, synthesizing Realism and Constructivism to explore the intersection of securitization, national interest, and identity. Methodologically, this paper employs a qualitative interpretive case study by integrating Ruth Wodak’s Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and Interpretive Process Tracing (IPT) to examine government texts, policy documents, and parliamentary debates. The findings reveal a profound policy asymmetry driven by intersubjective threat framing and institutionalized topoi (abuse, threat, law and order). Ukrainian displaced persons are positively categorized as evacuees (hinanmin) to align with G7 geopolitics, whereas traditional asylum seekers are pejoratively labeled as "repeated applicants" and framed as threats to public order, social harmony (wa), and ethnic homogeneity (tan’itsu minzoku). This discursive construction successfully legitimizes extraordinary measures within the 2023 amendment of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act (ICRRA), including the abolition of automatic deportation suspensions and the expansion of a surveillance state via alternative monitoring (kanri sochi). Ultimately, this study demonstrates that international norm compliance is deeply mediated by domestic cultural appropriateness (nihonjinron). It implies the necessity for future ethnographic research on grassroots impacts and suggests transparent asylum evaluation metrics aligned with non-refoulement principles.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of public policies in improving community welfare through the Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) Program, the Subsidized Direct Cash Assistance (BLTS), and rice distribution managed by the State Logistics Agency (BULOG) in Cipete Village. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with policy implementers and beneficiary communities, direct observation of the aid distribution process, and review of relevant official documents and data. The results show that the BLT and BLTS programs play a significant role in helping low-income communities meet their basic needs and increasing household purchasing power, especially during unstable economic conditions. Meanwhile, rice distribution by BULOG supports community food security by providing access to staple foods at prices lower than market rates. Despite the positive impacts, the implementation of these three programs still faces various obstacles, including inaccurate beneficiary targeting due to imprecise and rarely updated data, delays in the distribution process, lack of information transparency, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. Based on these findings, improvements are required, such as developing an integrated and technology-based data system, increasing information disclosure to the public, strengthening monitoring and periodic evaluation systems, and enhancing cooperation among related institutions. Optimizing the implementation of these social assistance programs is expected to create sustainable, equitable, and targeted improvements in community welfare.

The shift in the international political order from a unipolar to a multipolar system has created increasingly complex global security dynamics and the potential for conflicts among states. This condition requires improving international political literacy among civil society, particularly Indonesian youth, so they can critically understand and respond to geopolitical transformations. In response to this urgency, this Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to enhance students’ global issue literacy through the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) Goes To School (FGTS) 5.0 program themed Conflict & Military. The activity was conducted on April 6, 2026, involving 40 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 97 Jakarta. The implementation method combined interactive lectures with popular culture references to make the material easier for teenagers to understand. Evaluation was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests in the form of multiple-choice quizzes. The material covered the concept of United States national interests, the Board of Peace (BoP) security initiative, Realism Theory, and the conflicts involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. The evaluation results showed that students had strong understanding of popular global issues but limited comprehension of technical aspects related to international institutions, such as the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Therefore, future international political literacy programs should focus more on strategic and technical issues that are less familiar to the public.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of corporate zakat management in reducing economic inequality from the perspective of muamalah. The research employs a library research method with a qualitative-descriptive approach by examining various literature sources, empirical data, and regulations related to corporate zakat in Indonesia. The findings reveal that corporate zakat management achieves optimal effectiveness when zakat funds are distributed through a productive zakat scheme. This scheme is implemented through six main stages: preliminary surveys of beneficiaries, regular assistance, provision of business capital, business partner guidance, motivational training, and periodic evaluations of beneficiaries’ business development. However, practical implementation still faces several challenges. The allocation of funds for business capital among economically disadvantaged communities has only reached approximately 0.4%, while the majority of zakat funds, around 97.1%, are still utilized for consumptive assistance. This condition indicates that the economic empowerment function of zakat has not yet been fully optimized. Therefore, integrative solutions are required, including institutional strengthening through the establishment of Islamic microfinance units such as Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) internally, as well as stronger government regulations through tax deductible incentive policies externally to support the sustainable optimization of corporate zakat distribution.

The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is a social protection instrument designed to help low-income families meet their basic needs. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, limited data, and varying administrative capacity at the village level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of BLT-DD using William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, covering effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness, conceptual alignment, and implementation. The findings indicate that BLT-DD is fairly effective in helping households maintain consumption, yet its effectiveness and adequacy remain constrained by the amount of assistance and the quality of data collection. Program efficiency and responsiveness are relatively good in villages with sufficient governance capacity, while equity emerges as the weakest aspect due to inaccurate data verification. Conceptually, BLT-DD aligns with the needs of low-income communities, but implementation accuracy still requires reinforcement. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more systematic monitoring mechanisms, cross-sectoral data integration, and administrative training for village officials to enhance service quality. Overall, BLT-DD provides valuable support but requires improvements in governance and data systems to optimize outcomes, including regular evaluation strategies and refinement of supporting regulations.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of development management in Tulang Bawang Regency, particularly in integrating policy, fiscal capacity, and public participation during the transition to the 2025–2029 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). The study employed a descriptive qualitative method using data triangulation techniques derived from regional planning documents, financial statistical reports, and sectoral program evaluation results. The findings reveal that Tulang Bawang Regency has achieved significant progress in regional transformation and succeeded in reducing stunting rates through the Bergerak Melayani Warga (BMW) program. However, these achievements have not been supported by strong fiscal independence, while public participation remains largely dominated by a technocratic approach. The study highlights the urgent need for reforms in digitalization-based regional revenue management and stronger substantive community involvement to ensure that future regional development becomes more independent, participatory, sustainable, and inclusive in accordance with local community aspirations. These reforms are expected to strengthen governance effectiveness and improve equitable development outcomes across all regional sectors.

This study examines the integration of Sound Governance principles within the sustainable tourism policy cycle to address institutional fragmentation and evaluation inefficiencies in developing economies. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the research develops a multidimensional evaluation framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), analyzing policy performance across five strategic domains: Economy, Social-Welfare, Culture-Education, Environment, and Governance. The quantitative phase utilizes 17 adapted SDG indicators to measure policy efficacy, while the qualitative phase employs semi-structured interviews and stakeholder mapping to deconstruct power dynamics in multi-actor co-management structures. The findings reveal that Sound Governance—specifically transparency and accountability—serves as a critical catalyst for policy effectiveness, significantly influencing destination sustainability through an input-process-output-outcome-impact pathway. Empirical evidence from the case of Penglipuran Village, Bali, corroborates these results, demonstrating that indigenous institutional legitimacy enhances social responsiveness but remains vulnerable to overtourism-driven economic dependency. Notably, the study demonstrates that integrating SDGs into the policy evaluation cycle transforms assessments from mere administrative formalities into strategic instruments for long-term demand stability and ecosystem preservation. These findings position Sound Governance as a strategic intangible asset, offering theoretical contributions to development administration and practical guidance for policy-makers navigating the complexities of sustainable destination management in competitive global markets

This study aims to analyze the integration of policy, curriculum, and school culture in realizing an environmentally friendly school at SDN Tanggul Wetan 2. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study type. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, students, program coordinators, and parents. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the school policy has integrated environmental care values ​​through the Adiwiyata program supported by external partnerships and periodic evaluations. The curriculum implementation was carried out contextually by integrating environmental materials into various subjects and using project-based learning methods. School culture is realized through habituation of activities such as community service, waste sorting, and energy saving which have an impact on changes in student behavior. Supporting factors include the principal's leadership, teacher participation, parental support, and the school environment, while inhibiting factors include the lack of consistent student habits. Thus, the integration of policy, curriculum, and school culture has proven to be key in building a sustainable environmentally friendly character.

The Labor-Intensive Housing Program is one of the Surabaya City Government’s policies aimed at reducing poverty and unemployment through labor-intensive community empowerment. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program (RPK) at the Pitstop business unit in Lidah Kulon Village, Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Surabaya City. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing Van Meter and Van’s policy implementation theory. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data were derived from official documents and relevant publications. The results showed that the implementation of the Pitstop Labor Intensive Housing Program has not yet been optimal. In terms of policy standards and objectives, the program’s goals have been clearly defined but have not yet been fully achieved. Regarding resources, the availability of facilities and funding is adequate, but there are still limitations in human resources, particularly skilled technicians in the automotive repair field. Inter organizational communication has taken place but has not been intensive enough to support business sustainability. Characteristics of the implementing agents indicate that the structure of the Labor-Intensive Housing team has been clearly defined; however, implementation in the field has not been optimal due to weak coordination and communication. Economic, social, and political conditions-such as a less-than-strategic business location and high competition from similar businesses-have also contributed to the low number of customers. Meanwhile, the disposition of the implementers demonstrates a positive attitude in supporting the Labor-Intensive Housing program. The Labor-Intensive Housing Program must be supported by professional mechanics through education, certification, and collaboration with the private sector and training institutions to ensure the quality of services. In addition, building public trust, coordination among stakeholders, and intensive support through monitoring and evaluation are key to the success and sustainability of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program.

Integrity is a fundamental value in realizing clean, transparent, and accountable public sector governance. Various integrity assessment instruments have been implemented in the public sector in Indonesia, such as the Integrity Assessment Survey (SPI) by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Integrity Zone (ZI) by the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (PANRB), and IntoSAINT developed by INTOSAI. However, all three still have limitations. This study aims to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these three instruments and develop an alternative assessment tool, the Integrity Assessment Tool (IAT), which can be an alternative choice to the integrity assessment model in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach through literature studies and analysis of integrity policy documents, with a theoretical foundation of the OECD Integrity Framework and the Anti-Bribery Management System (SNI ISO 37001). The results show that the Integrity Assessment Tool is able to assess organizational integrity comprehensively and objectively through four main dimensions: history, performance, potential, and perception. This approach integrates quantitative, qualitative, and psychometric aspects to produce a more accurate and sustainable picture of the integrity position of public sector organizations. Theoretically, this research enriches the study of public sector integrity management, while practically, it provides guidance for government agencies in building a measurable, systematic, and sustainable integrity evaluation system as a basis for establishing a national model for integrity assessment.

Science learning in elementary schools requires evaluation strategies that are able to measure conceptual understanding while enhancing students’ motivation and engagement. One of the contextual science topics in Grade VI that requires visualization is the adaptation of living organisms. However, science learning evaluation is still dominated by conventional assessment instruments that are less varied and have not optimally utilized digital technology. This study aims to examine the development of an interactive question bank based on Quizlet as an alternative assessment tool for science learning on the topic of adaptation of living organisms in Grade VI elementary schools. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles, books, and educational policy documents. The results of the review indicate that a Quizlet-based interactive question bank has the potential to improve the quality of learning evaluation through the use of varied and interactive questions accompanied by immediate feedback. The use of Quizlet also supports student-centered learning and aligns with the principles of meaningful assessment promoted in the Merdeka Curriculum.

This study is motivated by the importance of the effectiveness of the Indonesia Smart Card for Higher Education Program (KIP-K) in expanding access to higher education for students from low-income families at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the KIP-K Program based on the aspects of goal attainment, integration, and adaptation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. In terms of goal attainment, the program helps students continue their education, although several challenges remain, including limited quotas, inaccurate targeting, and suboptimal on-time graduation. In terms of integration, coordination among program administrators, faculties, departments, students, and banking partners has functioned quite well, although academic services for recipients have not been entirely equal. In terms of adaptation, the program has shown the ability to adjust to policy changes and students’ needs through periodic evaluation and adjustments to the disbursement mechanism. The implication is that stronger targeting accuracy, academic assistance, service quality, and evaluation systems are needed to ensure more optimal and sustainable program implementation.

The internationalisation of SMEs in the era of the global economy is still faced with low strategic readiness, limited innovation capacity, and sub-optimal digital transformation. This study aims to test a model of SME internationalisation strategy based on innovation and digital transformation. The study employs a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey design involving 200 owners or key managers of SMEs in East Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using SEM-PLS through measurement model evaluation, structural model evaluation, and bootstrapping tests. The results indicate that innovation has a positive effect on digital transformation and internationalisation strategy, whilst digital transformation has a positive effect on internationalisation strategy. The indirect effect of innovation on internationalisation strategy via digital transformation is also significant, indicating partial mediation. These findings confirm that the internationalisation of SMEs becomes more effective when innovation and digital transformation are coherently integrated into business models and external market orientation. Implicitly, strengthening the global competitiveness of SMEs requires simultaneous intervention in business model renewal, digital capabilities, and policy ecosystem support.

This research is motivated by the importance of strengthening a professional public service culture through the integration of public administration values, norms, and ethics. Although various regulations and codes of ethics have been established in public organizations, gaps remain between formal norms and service practices in the field, such as low levels of responsiveness and professionalism among civil servants. This study aims to analyze the relationship between values, norms, and ethics in shaping public service culture, and to examine the role of organizational ethics and codes of ethics in strengthening public administration professionalism. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through a literature review of relevant journals, books, and policy documents. Content analysis techniques were used to identify patterns of relationships between concepts. The results indicate that the internalization of ethical values ​​such as integrity, accountability, and transparency significantly influences the quality of public services. An organizational code of ethics serves as a formal instrument that clarifies standards of conduct for civil servants and strengthens a professional work culture. Consequently, public organizations need to strengthen ethics training, oversight mechanisms, and the integration of ethical values ​​into performance evaluation systems to build responsive and public-interest-oriented services.

Drug misuse continues to be a complicated social and legal issue that has an impact on societal stability, public health, and personal wellbeing. Many criminal justice systems have moved away from punitive tactics in favor of rehabilitation-focused ones in recent years, especially for drug users who are frequently viewed as sufferers of addiction rather than serious criminals. The National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in Indonesia is implementing rehabilitation programs and restorative justice processes as a result of this change. This study investigates the efficacy of restorative justice in drug rehabilitation at Jambi Province's National Narcotics Agency and evaluates its applicability from the standpoint of Islamic law, specifically the framework of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study uses a case study design and a qualitative methodology. Participant observation, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with BNN officials, rehabilitation counselors, medical staff, and ex-drug users were used to gather data. The results show that an integrated evaluation system that assesses drug users' physical, psychological, and social states in order to determine their eligibility for recovery is used to institutionally apply restorative justice principles. Combining medical care, psychological counseling, and social reintegration programs, the rehabilitation programs greatly aid in participants' recuperation, enhance psychological stability, and fortify familial ties. Additionally, by promoting individual responsibility, family support, and community involvement, restorative justice-based rehabilitation lowers the risk of recidivism. From the standpoint of Islamic legal philosophy, these actions are consistent with the goals of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, specifically the defense of human dignity, life (ḥifḍ al-nafs), and intellect (ḥifḍ al-ʿaql). According to the study's findings, restorative justice-based rehabilitation is a compassionate and successful method of treating drug dependency while encouraging social reintegration and long-term recovery.

Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation. Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) is a government policy aimed at providing health protection for all Indonesians through fair, equitable, and sustainable healthcare services. However, its implementation still faces various challenges and issues. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the JKN program in Indonesia using a systematic literature review and the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Ten scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025 were selected and analyzed based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicate that in the context aspect, there are still problems, such as a large number of participants with inactive membership status and a low level of public understanding of their rights and obligations as JKN participants. In the input aspect, obstacles faced include limited health workers, uneven distribution, and inadequate facilities and infrastructure. Furthermore, in the process aspect, various obstacles were found, such as long service queues, complex administrative procedures, disruptions in the medical record system, and the suboptimal use of digital-based services. Meanwhile, in terms of products, the National Health Insurance (JKN) program has proven effective in improving public access to healthcare services, although service quality remains uneven, drug availability remains unstable, and the BPJS Kesehatan financing system still faces several challenges. Overall, the JKN program has had a positive impact on the community, but comprehensive improvements are still needed, particularly in strengthening governance, equitable access to services, and improving the quality of healthcare services.

The Uninhabitable House Rehabilitation Program (RTLH) is a government policy aimed at improving the quality of housing for low-income communities while simultaneously supporting the acceleration of the eradication of extreme poverty. Although it has been implemented in various regions, the implementation of the RTLH program has shown varying achievements, thus requiring a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the RTLH Program in Indonesia based on William N. Dunn's six policy evaluation indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of scientific articles discussing the evaluation of the RTLH Program in various regions. The analysis was conducted by reviewing previous research findings based on the six policy evaluation indicators. The results of the study indicate that the RTLH Program is able to improve the quality of community housing and has received a positive response from beneficiaries. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as budget limitations, equal distribution of beneficiaries, and data updates. Therefore, strengthening funding, data collection, and coordination between stakeholders is needed for more optimal and sustainable program implementation.