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Exercise is a planned physical activity that not only contributes to physical fitness but also plays a significant role in maintaining and improving mental health. This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise and mental well-being among adolescents and university students with diverse backgrounds of physical activity. The research employs a qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with five informants, consisting of university students who engage in recreational exercise, recreational runners, middle- and long-distance runners, and a sprinter. Data collection was conducted in several public sports spaces in the city of Bandung, focusing on participants’ subjective experiences related to their psychological conditions before and after engaging in exercise. The findings indicate that all participants perceive exercise as an effective means of emotional regulation. Physical activity is consistently associated with improved mood, reduced stress, enhanced sleep quality, stable energy levels, and increased academic concentration and focus. In addition, exercise contributes to the development of self-confidence, self-efficacy, and self-control through structured routines. The social aspects of exercise, such as support from peers, communities, and coaches, were shown to strengthen the sustainability of physical activity while also providing essential emotional support for mental health. However, among competitive athletes, performance-related pressure was identified as a factor that may negatively affect psychological well-being, although this effect can be moderated by adequate social support. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that exercise functions as an adaptive coping mechanism operating through biological, psychological, and social pathways, and highlight the importance of consistency and balance in physical activity to achieve optimal mental health benefits.  

This study aims to improve the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments through rhythmic gymnastics lessons in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at SLB Muhammadiyah Kelayu, East Lombok Regency. The research employed a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) approach involving both the researcher and the PJOK teacher. The action was conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The research subjects consisted of eight students with hearing impairments, including four females and four males. Data were collected through documentation, observation, and performance assessments using developed kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness instruments, and then analyzed descriptively using quantitative methods. The results indicate that after the rhythmic gymnastics intervention, kinesthetic intelligence improved, with 75% of students reaching the expected development level by the end of Cycle II. Physical fitness also showed significant improvement across five main components: endurance increased to 68.7%, muscle strength and endurance to 65.6%, agility to 68.7%, flexibility to 65.6%, and balance to 71.8%. Rhythmic gymnastics proved to be an effective approach to support inclusivity while enhancing the kinesthetic intelligence and physical fitness of students with hearing impairments.

In human life, sports play a very important role as they can influence both physical and psychological conditions. Through regular physical activity, individuals not only achieve physical fitness but also maintain mental and emotional balance. One type of exercise that is interesting to study is slow running, which involves running at a steady but gentle pace. This study focuses on examining the effectiveness of group slow running on levels of happiness. The subjects of this research were students from the Psychology Department at Universitas Negeri Padang, class of 2021, aged between 18 and 21 years old. The study employed a quantitative method with an experimental approach using a pretest-posttest control group design. Two groups were involved in this research—an experimental group and a control group—each receiving different treatments. Measurements were conducted before and after the intervention to observe changes in happiness levels. The results of the independent sample t-test analysis showed a significance value of 0.003, which is smaller than α = 0.05. This indicates a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group slow running is effective in increasing happiness among adolescents, particularly university students, as it fosters feelings of relaxation, enthusiasm, and togetherness.

This study aims to determine the effect of cone drill training through the traditional Hadang game on improving the agility of fifth-grade students at SDN Banjaran 03. The research used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 11 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a shuttle run test to measure students' agility levels before and after the intervention, which consisted of Hadang game training for four weeks. Data analysis using a paired sample t-test showed a significant improvement in agility after the intervention, with a significance value (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the Hadang game, which involves quick movements and frequent direction changes, is effective in enhancing the agility of elementary school students. This study recommends incorporating traditional games as an alternative method in physical education classes to improve students’ physical fitness in a fun and educational manner.

This study aims to determine the physical fitness profile of students at SMP Negeri 1 Eris Tondano. This research employed a descriptive method with a survey technique involving 62 students, consisting of 38 males and 24 females. The data collection instrument used was a 12-minute run test based on the Cooper protocol. The results showed that the average level of physical fitness was classified as “bad” with an overall mean distance of 1606.47 meters. Male students had an average of 1900.84 meters, while female students averaged 1140.38 meters. According to Cooper’s classification, 73% of the students fell into the “bad” category and 27% were in the “reasonable” category. The conclusion of this study is that the physical fitness level of students remains low and requires more structured attention and guidance through physical education programs.  

The research problem is that students have low physical fitness. They appear lethargic, unmotivated, and struggle to focus on memorizing lessons. Additionally, many students are unable to complete several physical tests in physical education classes. Furthermore, the average student scores do not meet the learning objective criteria. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research method. The population consists of 787 students from grades VII, VIII, and IX of SMP Negeri 1 Batusangkar, Tanah Datar Regency. The sample was selected using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique, resulting in a sample size of 39 students. Data collection was conducted through physical fitness tests and students' average report card scores. The study found that, based on correlation analysis, the obtained r-value (rhitung) was 0.97, while the critical r-value (rtabel) at a significance level of α = 0.05 was 0.316. This indicates a significant relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement. In other words, the better a student's physical fitness, the better their academic performance, as confirmed by this study.

This study aims to analyze the role of fitness development in shaping the discipline and physical resilience of students at UPT SPF SD Negeri 107405 Sei Rotan. The research is motivated by the importance of holistic character education at the elementary level, where fitness does not only focus on physical fitness, but mental formation and discipline. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that structured activities, such as morning gymnastics, flag ceremonies, and scouting, succeeded in integrating the values of discipline, physical and mental resilience contextually. Students not only become fitter, but also show improvements in time discipline, cooperation, and resilience to challenges. This finding is strengthened by the testimony of teachers stating that routine habituation in the classroom creates a school culture that is conducive to character development. This study recommends the development of more creative and collaborative wellness programs involving parents and the community. The implications of this research provide a practical contribution to strengthening character education in elementary schools through a close approach.

Students' physical fitness conditions can be developed to the maximum so that they can achieve maximum academic achievement. But in reality, many students ignore a healthy lifestyle, such as staying up late and other negative activities. This usually results in a decline in the quality of students' physical fitness, making it difficult to achieve optimal academic performance. This research aims to obtain a clear picture of the level of physical fitness of students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Subang University. The research method used is a descriptive method. The research subjects were 70 FKIP University Subang students. The research instrument was a physical fitness test observation sheet. In this study, five components of physical fitness were examined, including sprinting 60 meters, push ups, sit ups, vertical jumps, and middle distance running 1200 meters. The results of the research show that the overall physical fitness condition of Subang University FKIP students is in the poor category.

Physical fitness in the school environment requires special attention because it will support optimal teaching and learning outcomes. Physical fitness or good physical ability for students serves to maximize the ability of learning comfort. From the results of observations at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano school, PJOK practicum learning activities experienced a few obstacles due to the lack of willingness of students in carrying out PJOK practical learning activities, even though high school age children must be active in carrying out physical activity activities. However, there are still some students who do not participate in PJOK learning practice activities. This is because students do not know the importance of maintaining physical fitness through PJOK learning activities at school. The research method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative approach with a percentage using a survey method with test and measurement data collection techniques. The population in this study were students of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano as many as 557 students and a sample of 56 students. From the results of the 2.4 KM running test using descriptive statistical data calculation of a sample of 56 people taken from SMA Negeri 1 Tondano students and combined with frequency distribution tables, averages, and percentages, the results obtained state that the level of physical fitness of SMA Negeri 1 Tondano students is in the very poor category.

Muslims were created by Allah in the best possible form. Maintaining God's creation can be done with various efforts, one of which is sports which are related to regulating emotions and diet to improve physical fitness. The healthier our body is, the more comfortable it is to worship Allah. Talking about physical education, which is commonly known as physical education, is closely related to health. Health is the most precious gift from Allah because of the blessings that are needed in a person's life, including in terms of worshiping Allah. Therefore, it is very important to maintain health through exercise that can improve body fitness. So if we relate it to extracurricular activities in school, we can see how karate is able to improve the physical fitness of karateka (people who follow karate) towards their worship of Allah with the target of students in elementary schools with various age ranges. Through the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method, conclusions can be drawn that the use of karate extracurricular can fit the body and have an impact on body health and focus on worshipping Allah. This theme is interesting to explore because it is still not paid attention to and applied in school life as well as in daily life. The hope is to make yourself aware of how important the level of fitness in the body is through karate extracurricular at school and also help make school institutions and coaches who have professional abilities in the field of karate proud

Physical fitness is essential for supporting students' daily activities and learning. This study aims to evaluate the physical fitness of students at SMP Negeri 63 Surabaya, specifically those in class VII D and VIII C, and to compare it between male and female students. The research method used was non-experimental with a comparative design, and data analysis was conducted using the Mann Whitney test and Cluster Random Sampling technique. The instrument for measuring physical fitness was the Tes Kebugaran Pelajar Nusantara (TKPN) and a questionnaire based on the TKPN guidelines. The results showed no significant difference in physical fitness between students in class VII D and VIII C, with a p-value of 0.3 (p > 0.05), indicating that their fitness levels were relatively similar. However, there was a significant difference based on gender. Male students had better physical fitness than female students, with a p-value of 0.00 (p < 0.05). Male students were in the "sufficient" category with an average score of 2.05, while female students were in the "poor" category with an average score of 1.2. Overall, both class VII and VIII students were in the "poor" category, with average scores of 1.15 for class VII and 1.25 for class VIII. This indicates the need for improvement in students' physical fitness.

Developing self-potential through participation in physical activity is one of the school's goals for students to hone concentration, endurance, flexibility, and balance as well as coordination by increasing physical fitness in PJOK learning activities. This study aims to assess the degree of fitness of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bangsal. Quantitative techniques based on survey research were used for analysis of the resulting data. Participants were Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bangsal in Bangsal Regency. The research sample population was class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bangsal. The steps in this study included 50 meter running, vertical jumping (100 meters for men, 30 meters for women), long distance running (1000 and 800 meters respectively), and standing vertical run. jump. Based on the data collected and analyzed, only 3% of the respondents were considered to be in very good physical condition, while 40% were considered to be in bad condition, and 57% were considered to be in very bad condition. As a result, this study concluded that the physical fitness level of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bangsal was quite low. Given this analysis, it is still very far from the expectations of Physical Education goals. Besides that, the lifestyle of students at this time is relatively lacking in movement, because now all activities are assisted by the existence of mobile phones that have access to the internet.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical fitness of students in public elementary schools in cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City. This research is a survey research, using quantitative descriptive methods, the instrument used in collecting data is the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI). The study sample involved 95 public primary school students of cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City. The results of the study showed that the 95 students of public primary schools of cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City as a whole showed that the 40 Meter Run Test was dominated by the “Very Poor” category with 58 (fifty-eight) frequencies. The 8x10 Meter Shuttle Run Test is dominated by the “Excellent” category with 37 (thirty-seven) frequencies. Child Ball Test is dominated by the “Excellent” category with 44 (forty-four) frequencies. Dynamic Balance Test was dominated by the “Good” category with 53 (fifty-three) frequencies. Vertical Jump Test was dominated by the “Moderate” category with 42 (forty-two) frequencies. Hand Touch Reaction Test is dominated by the “Poor” category with 34 (thirty-four) frequencies. With this, the researcher hopes that public elementary schools in cluster 6-10 in Sukun District, Malang City will pay more attention and try to increase the overall level of physical fitness of students.

Based on researcher observations of SMA Negeri 2 Tondano students, researchers made initial observations by observing SMA Negeri 2 Tondano students. Each student has a different level of physical fitness, seen from whether or not students are active in doing sports, researchers see that there are some students who like to exercise and some who only play during sports. However, most students who like to exercise compared to those who don't like it, researchers saw that when the subject ended, some students continued to play basketball, volleyball, field tennis and athletics, researchers also saw that in the afternoon many students from SMA Negeri 2 Tondano jogged in the stadium but some did not. Descriptive research. Based on the percentage amount (%), for the female sample of the age group 15-16 years out of 23 students 20 people or 87% were in the “Very Bad” category; 2 people or 8.7% were in the “Bad” category while 1 person or 1% was in the “Medium” category. And for the female sample in the age group 17-20 years, totaling 4 students, all or 100% were in the “Very Bad” category.

Moving on from the reality found in the field, based on the results of preliminary observations in the SMP Negeri 2 Airmadidi school environment, some students do not master and have good physical condition components. The level of physical fitness of the students is not yet known. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an internal survey through the implementation of tests and measurements carried out correctly and thoroughly. Lack of attention and coaching to the physical fitness level of students. Students have not shown a good level of physical fitness, these symptoms are shown when teaching and learning activities take place students quickly experience fatigue, lack of concentration, lack of passion and enthusiasm and motivation in participating in the teaching and learning process. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The final results in the form of physical fitness categories are obtained based on a combination of 5 (five) test items as listed in Table 4.13, where it can be seen that most of the physical fitness of male students is in the Moderate category or around 87.50% while the physical fitness of female students is in the less category or around 95%.

Carrying out this study aims to determine the value of physical fitness related to skills in students at SDN Gugus 1-4, Kedungkandang District, Malang City, because there is no data related to physical fitness and sports teachers have never measured students' physical fitness levels. This research method uses quantitative descriptive methods with survey techniques. The subjects taken in this research were 95 students using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. The Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI) is the instrument used in this research. Descriptive statistics in this study were used to analyze the data. The results of the study concluded that 53.47% of students from Gugus 1-4 State Elementary School, Kedungkandang District, Malang City were dominant in the poor category, with details of 6.74% or 8 students in the good category, 31.58% or 50 students in the medium category, 14.70% or 35 students in the poor category. , 0% or 2 students are classified as very poor.

This research aims to identify the level of skill related fitness in Phase C students at SDN Gugus 1-5 in Sukun District, Malang City. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with survey methods. The research population was 2,124 students, with a sampling technique using proportionate stratified random sampling. The sample used was 96 students, consisting of 48 boys and 48 girls. Data collection was carried out in accordance with the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI) Phase C. Based on overall data analysis, the results obtained for each test were as follows: 40 meter running test. The test results showed that the frequency of 77 students was dominant in the very poor category. For the 8 x 10 meter suttle run test, the test results showed that the frequency of 44 students was dominant in the good category. The child ball test results show that the frequency of 25 students is dominant in the very good category. The dynamic balance test results show that the frequency of 44 students is dominant in the good category. The vertical jump test results show that the frequency of 43 students is dominant in the poor category. Meanwhile, the hand touch reaction test results showed that the frequency of 39 students was dominant in the poor category. From these results, the school and its PJOK teachers need to provide learning programs to improve the physical fitness of their students during and outside class hours.

This study aimed to determine the physical fitness level of Pshycal Education students at the Faculty of Education, University Muhammadiyah Mahakarya Aceh Takengon. The research used a descriptive approach and involved 21 students who participated in the study. The instrument used was the Bleep Test, which measures (VO2 Max) levels. The data analysis technique was descriptive, and the results showed that the students' endurance levels were relatively low, with the lowest score being 20.8 and the highest being 44.5. The findings suggest that more supervision and physical conditioning exercises are needed to improve the physical fitness of the students.

Physical Education, Sports and Health are subjects that equip students with physical skills, health understanding and healthy living habits. This subject not only emphasizes the development of physical fitness, but also the formation of character, discipline and teamwork. Traditional teaching methods often face challenges in maintaining student interest and participation. Students who are used to digital technology feel that conventional methods are less interesting and irrelevant to their digital world. This research uses the waterfall method and aims to develop interactive learning media that integrates various elements such as animation, video tutorials, motion simulations and interactive quizzes. The results of the research produced interactive learning media with validation results from material and media experts showing a high level of feasibility, with an average score of 85%, exceeding the minimum criteria of 75%. Student responses were very positive, with 87% stating that this media increased their understanding and interest in learning.

The problem in this study is whether there is an increase in physical fitness of students of SMP Paramaount School, Palembang City. This type of research is quantitative, using Descriptive mode. The population in this study were active students of SMP Paramount School, totaling 15 students in class VIII. The data collection technique used percentage calculations or commonly called relative frequencies. The average result of the 60-meter running test was 7.87 which is included in the good category. The average result of the hanging body lifting test was 9 times which is included in the sufficient category. The average result of the 60-second lying sitting was 30 times which is included in the good category. The average result of the vertical jump test was 63.2 cm which is included in the good category. The average result of the 1,200-meter running test for 3 minutes 45 seconds which is included in the good category. The overall average level of physical fitness in SMP Paramont School Palembang students was 19 which is included in the TKJI Norm range between Values ​​18 to 21 including the good category