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The establishment of national territorial boundaries is a strategic priority to safeguard sovereignty, maintain security stability, and strengthen bilateral relations between Indonesia and Malaysia as well as Timor-Leste. As of 2024, there remain nine Outstanding Boundary Problems (OBP) with Malaysia and two unresolved segments with Timor-Leste. These issues stem from the continued relevance of outdated colonial agreements, limited diplomatic capacity, weak inter-agency coordination, and minimal support from modern surveying technology. Based on an analysis of four policy alternatives using the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, and long-term impact, the Strengthening of Intensive Bilateral Diplomacy has been identified as the priority policy. Implementation is directed to the Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan (BNPP) as the main coordinator, supported by regulatory frameworks, diplomatic resources, and cross-ministerial/institutional coordination. Through this strategy, the resolution of pending boundary segments can be accelerated, legal certainty over national territory can be strengthened, security stability in border areas can be improved, and bilateral relations can become closer. Furthermore, Indonesia needs to strengthen diplomatic strategies, leverage technology, and enhance inter-agency coordination to accelerate the resolution of national border disputes. This policy directly contributes to achieving territorial sovereignty and sustainable development toward Indonesia Vision 2045.

Kampung Mosso is one of the villages located in the Jayapura city government area and is a border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The people in Kampung Mosso work as farmers. The agricultural commodities cultivated in the village are sago, corn, bananas, cassava, etc. However, agriculture in the village is still only to meet the needs of life. Not many people in the village have cultivated agriculture, especially food crops, optimally. Therefore, this community service will try to offer a solution, namely training in the use of home ground land as a strategy to increase food security in border areas. The results of this community service showed that two groups of people in Kampung Mosso were able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets, but another group was not able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets. The suggestion that needs to be done from this activity is intensive assistance and monitoring to several community groups so that they become more proficient in agricultural and fisheries cultivation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of government spending on education and health on the Human Development Index in the border areas of North Sulawesi province in the last eleven years. This study uses secondary data taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sulawesi and the Directorate General of Financial Balance for the period 2011 – 2021. The analysis used was multiple regression analysis of panel data that combined the data of four districts using a panel data analysis model on the eviews application with data collection of Health, Education and Human Growth Index. Regression testing shows Y = 63.9 + 2.9 X1 + 6.47X2. In the T test, it explains that the Education variable has a significant influence on HDI and the results of the Health variable have a significant influence on HDI, the amount of government spending on education and health can be seen from the R-square of 0.96, meaning that X1 and X2 have a significant influence on Y by 96 percent and the rest by other factors.

Penyelundupan manusia secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai upaya warga negara asing masuk ke negara lainnya menggunakan cara dan metode yang melanggar dan tidak sesuai dengan norma imigrasi yang ditetapkan. Di era globalisasi saat ini, menggunakan perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi, penyelundupan manusia semakin mudah dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum, dimana prosesnya semakin terorganizir dan tertutup, sehingga kejahatan tersebut sukar untuk dilacak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai penyelundupan manusia yang merupakan salah satu ancaman yang sudah dialami Indonesia sejak dulu. Kondisi geografis yang menjadikannya sebagai negara maritim, membuat Indonesia sebagai sasaran empuk untuk dijadikan rute penyelundupan manusia. Kasus penyelundupan di Pulau Bengkalis, Riau, tidak hanya terjadi satu-dua kali saja. Hal ini dikarenakan jaraknya yang sangat dekat dengan Malaysia––negara tujuan, dengan waktu tempuh kurang lebih 30 menit. Kejahatan penyelundupan ini sulit diselesaikan karena tingginya persentase lapangan kerja yang terbuka di Malaysia, dibanding di Indonesia. Banyak dari penyelundup yang merasa akan mendapatkan hidup yang lebih baik di negara tetangga dengan pekerjaan yang lebih terjamin, akibatnya segala cara pun dihalalkan. Selain itu, kemiskinan juga merupakan faktor besar dalam terjadinya penyelundupan manusia, baik sebagai pelaku maupun korban.