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The development of digital technology has changed the way Islamic Religious Education (IRE) is taught, encouraging the use of digital media as a means to improve interaction, motivation, and understanding among students. This study aims to examine the methodology for developing digital-based IRE learning media, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation, and formulate a systematic and contextual methodological framework. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through document analysis and systematic literature review of scientific articles, research reports, and methodology books published between 2019 and 2025. The analysis was conducted through reduction, grouping, interpretation, and content analysis to map development models, validation techniques, pedagogical principles, and the suitability of media to student characteristics. The results show that the most commonly used development models include ADDIE, Borg & Gall, 4-D, and iterative approaches such as SAM. The successful implementation of digital media is greatly influenced by teacher readiness, student digital literacy, content suitability with the curriculum, and institutional infrastructure and policy support. These findings emphasize the importance of content validation by experts, the integration of religious moderation values, and continuous training for teachers so that media can be used effectively, relevantly, and ethically. This study is expected to be a reference for PAI developers and educators in creating  

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in shaping the character and noble character of students. Quality PAI teaching materials are one of the determining factors for successful learning. This study aims to describe the principles and characteristics of effective PAI teaching materials. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, and other reliable sources. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques and then selected and compared and classified, and the final stage drew conclusions according to the truth. The results of the study found that PAI teaching materials are learning tools designed to assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Good and quality PAI teaching materials will help students understand Islamic teachings more easily and explore, as well as practice them in everyday life. In addition, the characteristics of PAI teaching materials that are different from teaching materials in general make additional capital for the realization of the ideals expected by Islamic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti to students. By paying attention to these principles and characteristics, Islamic Religious Education teaching materials can help students to achieve the expected learning objectives, namely to become a Muslim person who has faith, devotion, and noble character.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in shaping the character and noble character of students. Quality PAI teaching materials are one of the determining factors for successful learning. This study aims to describe the principles and characteristics of effective PAI teaching materials. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were collected from books, scientific journals, and other reliable sources. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques and then selected and compared and classified, and the final stage drew conclusions according to the truth. The results of the study found that PAI teaching materials are learning tools designed to assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Good and quality PAI teaching materials will help students understand Islamic teachings more easily and explore, as well as practice them in everyday life. In addition, the characteristics of PAI teaching materials that are different from teaching materials in general make additional capital for the realization of the ideals expected by Islamic Religious Education and Budi Pekerti to students. By paying attention to these principles and characteristics, Islamic Religious Education teaching materials can help students to achieve the expected learning objectives, namely to become a Muslim person who has faith, devotion, and noble character.