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Latar Belakang: Kekurangan Energi KRONIS (KEK) pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah gizi yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin. KEK meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan, serta bayi berat lahir rendah. Data di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir menunjukkan masih tingginya jumlah ibu hamil dengan KEK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang tercatat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bojonggambir, dengan sampel sebanyak 82 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel independen meliputi usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kejadian KEK yang diukur menggunakan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan KEK adalah pola konsumsi. Ibu hamil dengan pola konsumsi yang kurang baik memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami KEK dibandingkan dengan ibu yang memiliki pola konsumsi baik. Simpulan: Penelitian ini adalah kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia, pendidikan, pengetahuan, paritas, dan pola konsumsi, dengan pola konsumsi sebagai faktor dominan. Diperlukan upaya promotif dan preventif melalui edukasi gizi dan pemantauan status gizi secara rutin untuk menurunkan kejadian KEK.

Problems: Based on data from the Batam City Health Office, the 3 Community Health Centers with the highest incidence of anemia include Sei Panas 15.7%, Sambau 10.24%, Nongsa 8.24%. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam City in 2024. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlation research design with a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique used was Non Probability Sampling. Respondents in this study were 66 pregnant women. Results: Based on the Chi- Square test, the age variable obtained a P-value of 0.000 (ρ <0.05) and the parias variable with a P-value of 0.000 (ρ>0.05). This study shows that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and the relationship between parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam City in 2024. Conclusion: there is a relationship between age and parity of mothers with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Suggestion: It is hoped that prospective mothers understand the ideal safe age and parity in preparing for a healthy pregnancy in order to avoid anemia during pregnancy. And pregnant women must be diligent in consuming Fe tablets and also make 6 ANC visits during pregnancy so that pregnant women's health is monitored, especially their Hb levels.

Abortion is one of the pregnancy complications that still contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in the early trimester of pregnancy. Various maternal factors play a role in the occurrence of abortion, one of which is parity which reflects a mother's reproductive history. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of abortion at Bumi Panua Pohuwato Hospital. The study used a quantitative approach with observational analytical design and cross-sectional design. The study population was all pregnant women who received obstetrics services at Bumi Panua Pohuwato Hospital during the study period. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique, so that all pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The independent variable is parity, while the dependent variable is the incidence of abortion. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed univariately to describe the characteristics of respondents, and bivariously using Chi-square test or Fisher Exact Test in accordance with the fulfillment of statistical requirements. The results showed that most of the respondents were in active reproductive age and first to second trimester pregnancy, with considerable parity variations. Bivariate analysis showed that parity did not have a statistically significant relationship with abortion incidence. The conclusion of this study shows that the incidence of abortion is not influenced by parity alone, but is likely influenced by the interaction of various other maternal factors. Therefore, abortion risk screening in antenatal services needs to be carried out comprehensively by considering various pregnancy risk factors.

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)s a condition where the amniotic sac breaks before labor begins. This can occurn full-term pregnancies (≥37 weeks) or preterm pregnancies (<37 weeks), whichs also known as preterm PROM. PROMs one of the main risk factors for complicationsn both the mother and the baby, during and after childbirth. Therefore,tsmportant todentify the factors associated with the occurrence of PROM. This study aims to examine the relationship between fetal malpresentation and parity with thencidence of PROM at Harapan Bunda Hospitaln Batam Cityn 2024. The research used a quantitative approach with a retrospective case - control design. A total of 42 mothersn labor were selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Analysis using the chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05),ndicating a significant relationship between fetal malpresentation and maternal parity with the occurrence of PROM.t can be concluded that abnormal fetal position and the number of previous births (parity) are strongly related to the risk of premature rupture of membranes among mothers giving birth at Harapan Bunda Hospital.

Premature rupture of membranes (KPD) is the rupture of the membranes before there are signs of labor, and after waiting for an hour the signs of labor have not yet begun. The time from when the membranes rupture until uterine contractions occur is called premature rupture of membranes. Factors that are closely related to PROM include infection, socio-economic factors, blood type factors, smoking behavior, history of PROM, incompetent cervix and intrauterine enhancement that is high or excessively high, fetal disproportion, multigravidity, multiple pregnancies, previous history of PROM , polyhydramnios, trauma, age and parity. The danger of premature rupture of membranes is the possibility of infection in the uterus and premature birth which can increase morbidity and mortality for mother and baby. Premature rupture of membranes causes a direct connection between the outside world and the space in the uterus, making it easier for infection to occur. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between age and parity with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes in women giving birth at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City in 2023. This research design uses analytical observational with a cross sectional approach, where data is taken using secondary data with a sample size of 65 people. The processing technique uses the chi-square test. The data obtained from the results of statistical tests is with p-value for age = 0.028 and for parity p-value = 0.039. The conclusion of this research is that the majority of mothers give birth at a non-risk age (20-35) and at a parity that is not at risk (2-3). There is a relationship between the age and parity of mothers giving birth and the incidence of KPD at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City in 2023. With the p-value is 0.028 for age and the p-value is 0.039 for parity so that the p-value < α (0.05).

Menurut WHO (Word Health Organization), kembali merencanakan strategi untuk menurunkan angka kematian ibu melalui program Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yaitu dimana target ratio kematian ibu secara global diharapkan dapat turun hingga mencapai kurang dari 70 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (WHO, 2016). Mola hidatidosa adalah kehamilan dimana setelah terjadi fertilisasi tidak berkembang menjadi embrio, tetapi terjadi proliferasi tropoblast, dan ditemukan villi korialis yang mengalami perubahan degenerasi hidropik. Prevelansi Mola hidatidosa lebih tinggi di Asia, Afrika, Amerika, latin di bandingkan dengan Negara – Negara barat insiden Mola hidatidosa sebanyak 15 kali lebih tinggi dari pada Amerika serikat, Jepang telah melaporkan bahwa terjadi 2 kali kejadian kehamilan Mola hidatidosa dari 1000 kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui “ bagaimanakah gambaran kasus Mola hidatidosa di RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan Periode JANUARI 2020 – DESEMBER 2022, penelitian ini bersifat deskriftif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Medical Record yang ada di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan maka di peroleh jumlah populasi sebanyak 75 kasus yang menderita Mola hidatidosa dan yang menjadi sampel adalah seluruh populasi sebanyak 75 kasus. Pada penelitian ini yang menjadi variabel independent yaitu umur, paritas dan riwayat kehamilan sebelumnya, sedangkan yang menjadi variabel dependent yaitu Mola hidatidosa. Dari hasil penelitian di peroleh bahwa Mola hidatidosa berdasarkan umur mayoritas terjadi pada umur 20 – 35 tahun sebanyak 42 kasus (56%), berdasarkan paritas mayoritas terjadi pada multipara sebanyak 42 kasus (56%), berdasarkan riwayat kehamilan sebelumnya terjadi pada tidak pernah mengalami kehamilan mola sebelumnya sebanyak 57 kasus (76%). Berdasarkan penelitian ini di harapkan kepada petugas kessehatan untuk lebih meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan melalui program kesehatan, khususnya penyuluhan tentang Mola hidatidosa.

Pil oral kombinasil adalah pil kb yang mengandung kombinasi estrogen dan progesterone dalam dosis kecil, pil kb kombinasi mengandung hormon aktif dan hormon tidak aktif. Penelitian bersifat deskritif dengan menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari peninjauan langsung lapangan dengan menggunakan kues     ioner yang telah dirancang sebelumnya untuk mengetahui pengetahuan akseptor kb tentang efek samping pil oral kombinasi di Klinik Sehati Medan Periode JUNI-JULI 2023 sebanyak 30 orang di dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan akseptor kb tentang efek samping pil oral kombinasi berdasarkan umur mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup pada kelompok umur >35 tahun sebanyak 14 orang (47%), pengetahuan akseptor kb tentang efek samping pil oral kombinasi berdasarkan pendidikan mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup pada kelompok SMA sebanyak 16 orang (53,32%), pengetahuan ibu tentang alat kontrasepsi berdasarkan paritas  mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup pada kelompok grandemultipara sebanyak 13 orang  (43,33%), pengetahuan akseptor kb tentang efek samping pil oral kombinasi berdasarkan dukungan tenaga kesehatan mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 8 orang (26,66%). Dari penelitian ini diharapkan kepada akseptor kb agar banyak mencari informasi dan meningkatkan lagi pengetahuan tentang efek samping pil oral kombinasi.

According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Profile, health services for pregnant women (K1-K6) in 2023 in Indonesia will be 74.4% with the 2023 Minimum Service Standard (SPM) target of 100%, still far from the standard. Factors influencing ANC visits for pregnant women are age and parity. The aim of this research is to find out the mother's age and parity with the completeness of the ANC examination. This type of research is quantitative using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 60 pregnant women in the third trimester in Kualu Village. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women in the third trimester with a gestational age of 37-39 weeks using total sampling. The data collection tool uses a questionnaire. This research uses univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The univariate research results show that 34 respondents (56.7%) are in the no-risk category and maternal parity is not at risk < 3 times. Bivariate results. There is a significant relationship between maternal age and completeness of ANC examinations and there is a relationship between maternal parity and completeness of ANC examinations. It is hoped that midwives and cadres will provide education and programs to attract pregnant women to come for ANC examinations. 

Age is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, according to Rahmawati's research. An association between age and bleeding due to uterine atony was also found. Mothers aged 20 to 35 years have a 12 times higher risk of experiencing postpartum hemorrhage than mothers aged 20 to 35 years (Edah, 2019). Age parity is also a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Parity refers to the number of children born to a mother (both born alive or dead). Mothers with three children are more at risk of bleeding after delivery than mothers with parity 1 to 3. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between age and parity and the amount of bleeding that occurs in mothers who have just given birth. The literature review method was used in this study. Various scientific articles and research reports discussing risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage are thoroughly explained. The results showed that older maternal age (above 35 years) and high parity (giving birth more than once) increased the risk of postnatal bleeding. These results suggest that mothers with these characteristics should be given special attention to reduce the risk of these complications by obtaining appropriate education, supervision during pregnancy, and appropriate birth planning.

Vaccination actively seeks to create/increase a person's immunity against disease. Vaccination protects children from several immunization-preventable diseases (VPD).  The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between age and parity and the incidence of retained placenta in mothers giving birth at the Sonomartani Labura Health Center in 2023. The population in this study includes all women giving birth with retained placenta and recorded in the medical records in January 2022-December 2022 at the Sonomartani Labura Health Center as many as 16 patients. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate analysis. The results of this study show the relationship between age and parity and the incidence of retained placenta in mothers giving birth at the Sonomartani Labura Community Health Center in 2023.

Background: Anemia is a global health problem where 40% of pregnant women in the world experience anemia. To prevent iron deficiency, pregnant women need adequate iron intake, one of which is regular consumption of blood supplement tablets. Factors that influence pregnant women in consuming blood supplement tablets are parity and husband's support. Objective: to determine the relationship between parity and family support with the regularity of blood supplement tablet consumption. Research method: This study used a descriptive correlation design with a cross sectional approach. Data analysis used the Chi Square test method. This study consisted of 52 people. Research results: Most of them received family support, 22 people (57.7%), almost all of the grand multipara respondents, 46 people (88.5%), and most of them did not regularly consume blood supplement tablets, 31 people (59.6% ). The results of the chi square test showed that there was a significant relationship between family support and parity and regular consumption of blood supplement tablets. Conclusion: Midwives are expected to place more emphasis on counseling by involving families regarding how to consume blood supplement tablets, especially drinks that can block iron absorption, risk factors for anemia, causes of anemia and treatment of anemia during pregnancy.

Anemia is a condition of hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood (Hb <11gr/dl) caused by a lack of nutrients needed for the formation of hemoglobin. This condition causes new problems for babies, such as low birth weight, decreased immune status, possible physiological disorders, and infant growth and development. This study aims to determine the Relationship between Parity and the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women at PMB Pratama Madina Medan Tembung, Deli Serdang Regency in 2024. This type of research is an analytical survey study with a cross-sectional method approach. The population is all pregnant women at PMB Pratama Madina Medan Tembung as many as 30 people. The number of samples used was 30 people obtained using the Total sampling technique. The data analysis technique used chi square. the results obtained in this study were from 30 respondents, there was a relationship between Parity and the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women showing that the p value = 0.015 <0.05. It is recommended for Health Workers to increase counseling related to the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women.

Background: Maternal health is a measure of the level of social welfare. Maternal death is the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days after the end of pregnancy. Perineal rupture is the second most common cause of postpartum bleeding. Tearing may coincide with uterine atony. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 2.7 million cases of perineal rupture occurred in mothers giving birth. This figure is estimated to reach 6.3 million in 2050. One way to prevent perineal rupture is to maintain the elasticity of the perineum. Increasing the elasticity of the perineum is done by means of pregnancy exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture in postpartum mothers at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga. The research design is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all mothers giving birth at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga in November-March 2023, namely 764 people with a research sample of 88 people. The sampling technique used random sampling and research analysis used the chi square test. The research results showed that the majority of pregnant women who took part in pregnancy exercise at BPM were 47 (53.4%) and those who did not do pregnancy exercise were 41 (46.6%). Inpartum mothers who experienced perineal rupture were 42 (47.3%) and those who did not experience perineal rupture were 46 (52.3%). Based on the results of statistical tests between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture, the p value = 0.003 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture during birth at BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga. So it was suggested to Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga to improve services, especially for pregnant women, to do pregnancy exercises.

Anemia pada ibu hamil juga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko kelahiran prematur, kematian ibu dan anak, serta infeksi. Kurangnya zat besi pada ibu dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin atau bayi selama dan setelah kehamilan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi studi karakteristik pada kejadian anemia pada kehamilan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kotabaru. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu hamil dengan anemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kotabaru sebanyak 30 orang pada Oktober – Desember tahun 2023. menggunakan teknik total sampling sebanyak 30 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan ceklist yang dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa data terbanyak pada masing – masing karakteristik yaitu umur yang terbanyak pada berisiko 56,7%. Karakteristik paritas yang terbanyak pada kelompok multipara sebanyak 53,3%. Karakteristik usia kehamilan pada trimester 3 sebanyak 50% dan pekerjaan yang terbanyak responden pada IRT yaitu sebanyak 43,3%.

The increase in the incidence of anemia in Medan City from 2020 to 2023, peaking at 32.39%, is the focus of research. This study aims to assess the relationship between parity and maternal age and anemia in third trimester pregnant women at BPM Erlina Herawati, Medan City in 2023. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023 (p-value 0.243). However, there was a significant relationship between parity and anemia in this group (p-value 0.023, RP 0.328). The research conclusion states that there is no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia, but there is a significant relationship between parity and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023. This study provides new insights regarding the risk factors for anemia in this population.

According to WHO, the incidence of prolonged labor in the world is currently estimated to occur at 17% of total births. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey or abbreviated (SDKI) by the National Population and Family Planning Agency reported that the majority of birth complications are long labor (30%) to facilitate the normal birth process, so pregnancy exercises are carried out to reduce the occurrence of long labor. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and parity with the length of labor in the first stage of labor in the active phase of women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang, 2023. This type of research is quantitative analytical using a cross-sectional study design approach. Mothers giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang in the period January – August 2023. The population of women giving birth is 80 people. The instruments used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results show that the variables that are related to the length of labor in the first active phase of labor for women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang 2023 are pregnancy exercise (p=0.002) with an OR of 10,000, and parity (p=0.039) with an OR of 0.255. The conclusion is that the variables studied (pregnancy exercise, and parity) are all related to the length of labor in the first active phase of labor in women giving birth at Karya Medika 1 Hospital, West Cikarang 2023.Researchers advise pregnant women to take care of their pregnancy and are advised to take part in a pregnancy exercise program so that the birth process runs normally. And, Karya Medika 1 Hospital Cikarang Barat is advised to continue the pregnancy exercise program in the future.  

The increase in the incidence of anemia in Medan City from 2020 to 2023, peaking at 32.39%, is the focus of research. This study aims to assess the relationship between parity and maternal age and anemia in third trimester pregnant women at BPM Erlina Herawati, Medan City in 2023. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023 (p-value 0.243). However, there was a significant relationship between parity and anemia in this group (p-value 0.023, RP 0.328). The research conclusion states that there is no significant relationship between maternal age and anemia, but there is a significant relationship between parity and anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at BPM Erlina Herawati in 2023. This study provides new insights regarding the risk factors for anemia in this population.

Sectio Caesarea (SC) is a delivery method in which the baby is born through an incision in the abdominal wall and the opened or incised uterus, while keeping the uterus intact. In recent years, normal childbirth has been considered risky and challenging, leading to the emergence of cesarean section as an alternative option for some women undergoing labor and delivery. High-risk childbirth can have adverse effects on both the baby and the mother. The repeated pregnancies can weaken the uterus, causing complications in both pregnancy and delivery. Therefore, appropriate measures are necessary to save both the baby and the mother. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between parity and maternal age with the incidence of cesarean section at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin. The research method used is a descriptive correlational approach, conducted in October 2023. The population in this study includes all patients who delivered through the CS method at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin, with the sample taken from the entire population that meets the criteria or saturation sample criteria. The data used are secondary data that already exist. Based on the results of the Chi-Square statistical analysis, the p-value is 0.000 < α (0.05), thus it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted, indicating a relationship between parity and maternal age with the incidence of cesarean section at Ulin Regional General Hospital in Banjarmasin.

Menopause means the cessation of the menstrual cycle forever for women who previously had menstruation every month, which was caused by the number of follicles experiencing atresia continuing to increase, until there were no more follicles available, and in the last 12 months experiencing aminorhoea, and not caused by a pathological condition (Fitri, 2017). Menopause is a condition where a woman no longer experiences menstruation which occurs between the ages of 50 and 59 years (Harlow, 2012).

Menopause is a period of cessation of the menstrual cycle forever for women who previously experienced menstruation every month, which is caused by the number of follicles that experience atresia continues to increase, until there are no more follicles available, and in the last 12 months experience amenorrhea (Fitri, 2017). The factors that influence the occurrence of menopause among women were the age at first menstruation (menarche), number of children, age at delivery, use of contraception, smoking and socioeconomic status (Kumlasari, 2012). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the parity and the age of menopause in women aged 45-59 years at the Palembang Social Health Center. A cross sectional approach was the method used in this study and it was analytic. The population of this study was all women aged 45-59 years at the Palembang Social Health Center. The sample was 100 people chosen by using an accidental sampling technique. The data were collected by using the direct measurements, interviews, filling out questionnaires and the data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square statistical test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between parity and the age of menopause in women aged 45-59 years at the Palembang Social Health Center in 2019, with a p value of parity = 0.000 < α (0.05).