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Nutritional problems in adolescents are complex, as evidenced by the high rate of iron deficiency anemia, especially among girls (23%), as well as malnutrition and overnutrition. According to SKI (2023), nutritional problems in adolescents include thinness and extreme thinness reaching 7.6%, while adolescents who are overweight reach 12.1%, and those who are obese reach 4.1%. The objectives are to determine the knowledge of balanced nutrition and eating habits of students in their daily lives and to identify the relationship between knowledge and eating habits with nutritional status. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of 45 students from the Midwifery Study Program at Harkat Negeri University. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, while nutritional status was obtained by measuring BMI. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used. The majority of respondents were aged 20 years (44.5%), had good nutritional knowledge (59.1%), poor eating habits (63.6%), and normal nutritional status (68.2%). In the bivariate analysis, there was no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and eating habits with the nutritional status of students (p-value >0.05). Conclusion The majority of students had good understanding of nutrition, but not of eating habits. It is hoped that students can maintain eating habits with balanced nutrition in order to achieve normal nutritional status. Keywords: Nutrition Knowledge; Eating Habits; Nutritional Status

Childhood obesity has become an increasingly significant health and education problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by unhealthy eating patterns, lifestyle changes, and low nutritional literacy within families. This article aims to examine the lack of balanced nutrition in obese early childhood from the perspective of family education as part of non-formal education. The research method used is a literature review by reviewing national and international literature related to nutrition, child growth and development, and the increasing trend of obesity. The results show that obesity has physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impacts that can hinder a child's holistic development. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy eating habits, monitoring food consumption, and fostering an active lifestyle. Improving nutritional literacy within families, synergizing with early childhood education institutions, and supporting public health policies are considered crucial to preventing the long-term risk of obesity. Therefore, family education about balanced nutrition is a crucial strategy in supporting optimal growth and development and creating a healthy and competitive generation of early childhood children.

Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic, with substantial implications for musculoskeletal health, particularly in weight-bearing joints like the knee and ankle. Aim: To determine the prevalence of obesity with respect to age and gender and to assess its effect on the knee and ankle joints among adults in Ekpoma, Edo State. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 60 obese adults was conducted using a structured, validated questionnaire. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Respondents were predominantly aged 40–45 years (35%) and female (80%). 65% reported pain in the knee and/or ankle joints; 56.7% reported joint stiffness or reduced range of motion. Conclusion: Obesity significantly affects the knee and ankle joints, contributing to pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion. These results reinforce the need for targeted public health interventions aimed at obesity prevention and management, particularly in populations at risk of joint-related complications.

Obesity among college students is a public health issue that is gaining increasing attention because it is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease, and can reduce quality of life and academic productivity. College students, as a group of early adults, are in a transition phase towards independence and are therefore vulnerable to lifestyle changes, including unhealthy eating patterns, fast food consumption, low physical activity due to busy studies, irregular sleep habits, and high academic stress. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with obesity among students at the Islamic University of Ogan Komering Ilir in 2025. This study used a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. A sample of 95 students was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and body mass index (BMI) measurement to determine respondents' nutritional status. Independent variables included diet, physical activity, sleep quality, stress levels, and a family history of obesity. The results showed a prevalence of obesity of 17.9%. Bivariate analysis found a significant association between obesity and unhealthy diet (p=0.002), low physical activity (p=0.000), poor sleep quality (p=0.000), and high stress levels (p=0.001). Meanwhile, a family history of obesity showed a tendency to have an effect but was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that obesity in college students is largely influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of health promotion interventions on campus, such as balanced nutrition counseling, increased access to sports facilities, stress management, and education on healthy sleep patterns. Promotive and preventive efforts undertaken from a young age are expected to reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease in the future.

Rapid technological advancements have brought convenience to various fields, including healthcare. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that often affects the knees and hips, particularly in the elderly, and is a major cause of pain, joint dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. The prevalence of OA increases with age, with risk factors such as obesity, excessive activity, and muscle weakness. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment. This study aims to develop a diagnostic system for inflammatory arthritis, specifically osteoarthritis, using the Dempster-Shafer method. This method was chosen because of its ability to combine various evidence and expert beliefs to produce a more accurate diagnosis. By utilizing mathematical proof theory, this system is expected to assist medical personnel in detecting OA symptoms more efficiently. The research findings are expected to contribute to the healthcare sector, particularly in improving the accuracy of osteoarthritis diagnosis, allowing for earlier and more appropriate treatment. This system can also be a supporting tool for doctors and patients in understanding joint health conditions.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity, pose significant health risks for the elderly in Indonesia, including those in Aneuk Paya Village, Lhoknga District, Aceh Besar. These conditions, if left unmanaged, can lead to severe complications, impacting the quality of life of older adults. This community service project aims to improve elderly individuals' understanding of NCDs, as well as their prevention and management, through educational initiatives carried out at the Integrated Health Post (Posbindu). The activities involved interactive counseling sessions, health assessments including blood pressure monitoring, and measurements of body weight, height, waist circumference, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels. The community service event, conducted on July 22, 2025, revealed a significant improvement in the elderly participants’ knowledge about NCDs. Notably, 83% of the participants gained a better understanding of the prevention of NCDs, while 70% reported improved knowledge regarding blood sugar and blood pressure management. Moreover, there was a noticeable increase in the number of elderly individuals attending regular Posbindu visits, which suggests a growing commitment to managing their health. Health education through Posbindu has proven to be an effective tool in raising awareness and changing health behaviors among the elderly, helping to prevent NCD complications. The project demonstrates the pivotal role of Posbindu not only in promoting NCD prevention but also in providing continuous support to the elderly in managing their health, ultimately enhancing their quality of life. This initiative highlights the importance of local health programs in addressing the growing prevalence of NCDs in elderly populations and emphasizes the need for further community-based health interventions.

Hypertension is one of the health problems, especially for hajj pilgrims, because hypertension is one of the entry points or risk factors for diseases such as heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In 2024, cases of hajj pilgrims suffering from hypertension were 1,822 people (38.66%). This study aims to analyze the factors related to the incidence of hypertension in hajj pilgrims at the Aceh Embarkation. Quantitative research with a Cross Sectional Study approach using secondary data. The population is all hajj pilgrims at the Aceh Embarkation in 2024 totaling 4,713 people. The research sample is the total population. Bivariate data analysis with the chi-square test and multivariate with logistic regression. The results of the study obtained variables that have a significant relationship with hypertension are age (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 3.08–3.95; p-value = 0.0001), family history (OR = 2; 95% CI: 1.74-2.25; p-value = 0.0001). Obesity (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.14–1.44; p-value = 0.0001), diabetes (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.28–1.75; p-value = 0.0001) and poor physical fitness OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.48–1.89; p-value = 0.0001). The conclusion of this study is that the age variable is the most dominant variable with the incidence of hypertension in the Aceh Embarkation Hajj pilgrims.

Liver disease is an increasingly prevalent health problem among the productive-age population, primarily driven by unhealthy lifestyles, alcohol consumption, obesity, and the risk of hepatitis infection. Liver dysfunction often presents no specific symptoms in its early stages, making early detection challenging. The Community Service Program (PKM) conducted in Grogol Village aimed to raise public awareness about the importance of early liver function screening through SGOT and SGPT enzyme assessments. This activity included education on risk factors as well as on-site liver enzyme testing for participants. Among the 71 participants, 18 individuals (25.35%) had elevated SGOT levels, and 17 individuals (23.94%) showed SGPT levels exceeding normal limits. These findings highlight the importance of early liver function screening in preventing the progression to chronic liver diseases such as NAFLD or hepatitis, and in serving as an indicator of cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, routine liver enzyme testing can serve as a foundation for increasing public awareness about the importance of maintaining liver and metabolic health in a sustainable manner.

Currently, Indonesia faces three major nutrition-related problems among adolescents, known as the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition (stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity. Children's cognitive development is greatly influenced by adequate nutrition, as physical and brain growth go hand in hand in the growth and development process. A balanced and high-quality diet supports optimal growth and development and influences children's nutritional status and intellectual intelligence. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and intellectual intelligence in students. This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 68 students aged 13–15 years at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo Regency. Primary data were obtained through IQ tests and weight and height measurements, while secondary data were in the form of student identities. Data analysis used a two-sample t-test. The results showed that out of 42 students with poor nutritional status, 38 students (90.5%) had low IQ (<100). Among 23 students with normal nutritional status, 11 students (47.8%) had low IQ and 12 students (52.2%) had moderate IQ (100–109). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between nutritional status and intellectual ability. In conclusion, nutritional status is associated with intellectual ability among students at SMPN 2 Sumber, Probolinggo District. Students with poor nutritional status have a higher risk of having an IQ below average.

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body which are associated with a lack of insulin secretion. Generally, DM therapy can be carried out using pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be carried out is AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village. This type of research isPre-experimentalby designTwo groups pre-post test. The total population was 90 respondents and the sample size was 33 elderly respondents suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village which were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection in this research used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analyzed with SPSS 20 using testsMan Whitney. The results of this study showed that the average blood glucose value in the control group was 282 mg/dl pre glucose and 177 mg/dl post glucose. Meanwhile, the mean blood glucose value in the treatment group with pre glucose was 295 mg/dl and post glucose was 144 mg/dl and there was an effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village (ρ = 0.000 < α= 0.005) So type 2 DM sufferers are expected to be able to control blood glucose, one of them is by doing AAROM Therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. AAROM therapy can reduce insulin resistance, making it easier for glucose to enter cells, preventing obesity, and improving venous blood flow.

Hypertension or high blood pressure is defined as a continuous increase in blood pressure that exceeds normal limits (Nuraini et al., 2023). Hypertension occurs due to several factors, the first being modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Among the modifiable risk factors for hypertension are smoking and obesity. People who smoke more than one pack of cigarettes per day will be twice as vulnerable as people who do not smoke (Luh et al., 2020). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlational between smoking and BMI with the incidence of hypertension in adult men in Alassumur Lor Besuk Probolinggo. The research design used an Correlational Analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was 35 with a total sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire, then the data obtained will be tested by Spearman rank. The results of the study obtained the smoking variable ρ = 0.018, the BMI variable ρ = 0.071. This shows that there is a corelation between smoking behavior and BMI with the incidence of hypertension. Smoking behavior that is increasingly uncontrolled will cause hypertension and accumulation of fat on the walls of blood vessels can cause narrowing and hardening, increasing blood flow resistance and ultimately increasing blood pressure. It is hoped that respondents will reduce their smoking habits and start a healthy life by maintaining a diet, exercising regularly and eating nutritious foods.

Bell’s Palsy is an acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis that causes unilateral facial weakness. The exact cause remains unclear but is suspected to involve anatomical factors, infections, viral reactivation (especially Herpes Simplex Virus), ischemia, inflammation, and cold exposure. The incidence is 20-30 per 100,000 people annually, with no gender or age preference, though it is more common in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Risk factors include diabetes, pregnancy, preeclampsia, obesity, and hypertension. Symptoms develop suddenly, peaking within 48 hours, and include facial asymmetry, difficulty closing the eyes, eating, speaking, and sensory-motor disturbances. Most cases recover spontaneously within weeks to months, but corticosteroids and antiviral therapy can accelerate recovery. Proper diagnosis is crucial as Bell’s Palsy is often mistaken for stroke or other neurological disorders.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), good nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in determining health and quality of life in adulthood. The prevalence of adolescents with poor nutritional status reaches 9.2%, while the prevalence of obesity in adolescents increases to 8.3%. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and adolescent diet patterns to improve nutritional status in Sintang Regency. Cross Sectional research design . The population is adolescents at the Al-Fatih Hisbah Boarding School, Sintang Regency, Kalimantan. Respondents numbered 39 people who were taken by Simple Random Sampling . The study was conducted in December 2024. The results of the study obtained a p value of 0.026 ≤ 0.05, meaning that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and adolescent diet patterns at the Al-Fatih Hisbah Boarding School, Sintang Regency. Health workers are expected to increase educational activities for adolescents regarding healthy diets .  

Blood pressure is the amount of blood flowing through blood vessels, and its normal value is <120/80 mmHg. Unbalanced blood pressure, such as hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) or hypotension (<90/60 mmHg), can be harmful to health. Hypotension causes dizziness and fainting due to inadequate blood supply, while hypertension increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and kidney failure. Hypertension in adolescents is influenced by lifestyle, obesity, stress, sleep duration and family history.

Background: Nutrition in primary school-aged children is an important issue that can affect their growth and development. In addition to undernutrition, the nutrition transition in Indonesia shows an increasing prevalence of overnutrition, including overweight and obesity, which is of increasing concern. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status of children aged 7-13 years at SD 8 Baruga and SD 1 Poasia, Kendari City, and analyze the distribution of nutritional status by gender and age group. Methods: This study used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through measurements of height (TB), weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI) on 50 students, consisting of 22 boys and 28 girls. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents (68%) had normal nutritional status, while the prevalence of undernutrition was 2%, overweight 18%, and obesity 12%. Based on gender, overnutrition and obesity were more prevalent among girls (32.1%) than boys (22.7%). In terms of age group, overnutrition and obesity were most prevalent in the 9-12 years age group. Conclusion: The high prevalence of overnutrition shows an alarming, although the prevalence of undernutrition is lower than the average for Southeast Sulawesi.

Hypertension is a health problem that is often found in society with a prevalence in Indonesia of 30.8%, is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are still a health problem in Indonesia because of their contribution to cardiovascular disease as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in society. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, gender and obesity status with the incidence of hypertension, through a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on 219 respondents using a total sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed univariately and bivariately. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the percentage of hypertension was 18.72% and the percentage of obesity was 40.2%. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test produced a significance level of p-value of 0.000 (significant) between age and obesity with a PR value of 3.47 (CI 1.22-9.87) for the age group above 54 years, and a PR value of 2.66 (CI 1.21-5.81) for the age group 46-54 years (with the age group 18-45 years as a reference). The results of the bivariate analysis using the Chi square test between gender and obesity produced a p-value of 0.0040 with a PR of 0.45. The results of the chi square test between obesity and hypertension were proven to be statistically significant with a PR of 1.90, meaning that respondents with obesity had a 1.9 times greater risk of suffering from hypertension than people without hypertension.

43.8% of contraception acceptors in Lampung Province in 2022 used injective contraception. 69.2% of them experienced a 5 kg body weight increase side effect. This may lead to obesity. This research aimed to determine the correlation between the duration of accepting a contraceptive injection every 3 months and contraception acceptors' body weight increase in C. Yuni Anggraini Private Midwives Clinic. This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design. The population was 108 respondents. 58 respondent samples were taken using consecutive sampling. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis with a frequency distribution table and bivariate analysis with a chi-squared test. 22 respondents (37.9%) accepted a contraceptive injection every 3 months for 1-2 years and 22 (37.9%) accepted a contraceptive injection every 3 months for more than 2 years. 42 respondents (72.4%) experienced body weight increases. The bivariate analysis result derived a p-value of 0.024. This indicated a correlation between the duration of a contraceptive injection every 3 months and contraception acceptors' body weight increase in C. Yuni Anggraini Private Midwives Clinic. A contraceptive injection every 3 months for a long time can increase contraceptive acceptors' body weight increase.

The prevalence of insomnia in Indonesia is still high compared to other countries, especially in adolescents. The prevalence is about 67% including low insomnia at 55, 8% and moderate insomnia at 23, 3%. The impact of insomnia on adolescents such as body weakness, lethargy, lack of concentration, and enthusiasm until it becomes a serious problem such as sleep disorders, heart attack, cancer, obesity, and other various lethal diseases. This study aimed to determine the correlation between smartphone addiction and stress levels on the incidence of insomnia in adolescents at SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. The research method used was an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 537 teenagers and the sample was 84, chosen using the Proportional Random Sampling technique and Univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. The data were gathered using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), and Biological Psychiatry Study Group Jakarta Insomnia Rating Scale (KSPBJ-IRS). The result showed that of 84 respondents, most of them did not experience insomnia 41 respondents (48,8%), did not experience smartphone addiction 43 respondents (51,2%), and experienced low stress 48 respondents (57,1%). So there was a relationship between smartphone addiction (p=0,002) and stress level (p=0,007) toward insomnia in adolescents. In conclusion, there was a correlation between smartphone addiction and stress levels toward the incidence of insomnia in adolescents. This research suggests that research institutes concerned with health education conduct cross-sector collaboration regarding smartphone usage, such as the Health Office and Public Health Centres.

The study was to describe the nutritional status of participants in the Integrated Development Post for Non-Communicable Diseases. The method used was descriptive quantitative with 35 respondents. Respondents were measured anthropometrically including weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) then descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS. The results showed that respondents who had BMI in the obesity category were 15 (42.90%), normal 14 (40%) and obese 6 (17.10%) and based on the measurement of waist circumference, respondents who experienced central obesity were 30 (85.70%) and not central obesity were 5 (14.30%). Conclusion: Maintaining nutritional status is very beneficial because someone who is overweight is at risk of experiencing several diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease.

Elderly will experience changes in body composition which will affect the Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and have an impact on blood pressure. Hypertension is often found in the elderly in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship and differences in WHR and body composition between hypertensive and non-hypertensive elderly. The design used in this research is case control. The population of this study included all elderly people in the Griya Werdha Jambangan Surabaya Regional Technical Implementation Unit (RTIU) with a total sample of 76 elderly people consisting of 38 hypertensive and 38 non-hypertensive. The results of the research were the relationship between getting WHR, fat mass, muscle mass (p = 0,000), bone mass (p = 0,026), and fluid mass (p = 0,049). The results of the study were differences in WHR, fat mass, muscle mass, bone mass (p = 0,000), and fluid mass (p = 0,001). The odds ratio (OR) value shows that elderly people with obesity WHR have a risk of 27,4, more fat mass and muscle mass below normal have a risk of 24,4, bone mass below normal has a risk of 5,8, and less fluid mass has a risk of 5,1 times developing hypertension. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between WHR and body composition and hypertension, and there are differences in WHR ​​and body composition values between hypertensive and non-hypertensive elderly.