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This study examines the use of nominee agreements as instruments of fraud within Indonesian foundations that operate private educations.  This research focuses on how foundation organs use the foundations to buy land assets for themselves and evade liability. The problem addressed is the gap between civil‐law façade and underlying criminal intent, whereby Patrons, Management, and Supervisors transfer land ownership out of the foundation’s name through a simulated agreement called nominee contracts. The research aims to analyze how these contracts facilitate systemic fraud and to propose a legal framework for holding both individuals and the foundation itself criminally accountable. A doctrinal‐normative method is employed, involving analyses of statutory provisions (Foundation Law, the old and the new Criminal Code), internal regulations, and key court decisions (e.g., Gunung Muria University, Al‐Hilaal Ambon, Morning Star). Findings reveal that nominee agreements consistently conceal intent to defraud, that existing legal provisions are underutilized or applied piecemeal, and that criminal courts have been reluctant to dissolve offending foundations despite clear evidence of strafbaarfeit (criminal act) by the foundation. The main synthesis highlights the necessity of a consistent approach by the law enforcement and the court to interpret nominee‐based transfers as criminal acts to prevent further asset diversion. The study concludes that integrating civil and criminal frameworks, along with strengthening oversight and enabling immediate dissolution of fraudulent foundations, is essential to safeguard public interest and restore trust in the nonprofit sector.

Nominee agreements provide a way for foreigners to own land in Indonesia by using the name of an Indonesian citizen on the land certificate. The Indonesian citizen in the Nominee Agreement dies. The land used as an object in the Nominee Agreement is one of the inheritance assets to the legal heirs. The results showed that the disputed land should have fallen to the state, even though the heirs were legitimate heirs to inherit the property rights to the disputed land.  

Nominee agreement sebagai salah satu perkembangan hukum kontrak atau perjanjian di luar KUHPerdata merupakan suatu praktik yang sering terjadi Di Indonesia. Mengenai hak milik atas tanah terhadap Warga negara asing tidak diatur lengkap dalam UUPA.Tujuan penelitian: 1. Untuk mengetahui, menganalisis factor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya Pembatalan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dengan Pembeli Warga Negara Asing serta 2. Pertimbangan Hukum bagi Hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara pada putusan Nomor489/PK/Pdt/2021 dan 3. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analisis, sumber data sekunder dan metode analisis datanya kualitatif. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1. Faktor-Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pembatalan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Dengan Pembeli Warga Negara Asing yaitu adanya wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian. 2. Pertimbangan hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara pada Putusan Nomor 489 PK/Pdt/2021 yaitu menolak permohonan Peninjauan Kembali dari pemohon NICHOLAS JOHN HYAM dan menghukum pemohon untuk membayar biaya perkara dan 3. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan yaitu tanggung jawab secara perdata oleh Notaris yakni dengan tanggung gugat berupa ganti rugi yang didasarkan pada suatu hubungan hukum antara Notaris dengan penghadap. Notaris yang membuat perjanjian nominee yang akibatnya akta tersebut batal demi hukum Pasal 1320 KUHperdata, Sanksi terhadap pelanggaran kode etik yaitu dapat berupa: teguran, peringatan, pemecatan sementara, pemecatan dari keanggotaan dan pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat.

The practice of the Nominee Agreement, which involves an agreement between the legal shareholder and the beneficiary, is often the method used for shareholding in limited liability companies, especially Joint Ventures. In this agreement, the registered shareholder (nominee) is the shareholder, while the beneficiary is the party who actually controls and receives direct benefits from the company. Even though this practice is expressly prohibited in foreign investment in Indonesia, especially based on Article 48 UUPM, and the agreement can be canceled by law because it does not meet the requirements of a legal cause in accordance with Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the use of nominee shareholders has not been prohibited explicitly by the government. Therefore, this can be considered as an attempt to circumvent the law or an act of legal manipulation. The type of research used in this study is empirical research, which includes research on legal identification and research on legal effectiveness.