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The enactment of Indonesia's Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP 2025), effective January 2, 2026, introduces a paradigmatic shift in the coordination between investigators and public prosecutors: Article 58 mandates active coordination from the investigation stage, fundamentally departing from the sequential-passive model of the former KUHAP, while Article 70 imposes a strict seven-day deadline for indictment drafting after case files are declared complete. This study examines two interconnected questions: (1) how the legal framework governing investigator–prosecutor coordination is structured under KUHAP 2025 and related legislation; and (2) how that framework is implemented in practice at the Purwakarta District Prosecutor's Office. A normative–empirical mixed-method design was employed, integrating statutory, conceptual, and case-study approaches. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with prosecutors and investigators at Purwakarta District Prosecutor's Office and Purwakarta Police Resort, case document analysis, and field observation. The theoretical framework combines Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory and Soerjono Soekanto's Law Enforcement Theory. Findings reveal that KUHAP 2025 delivers substantial normative advancement yet harbours three critical regulatory gaps: the absence of binding technical protocols for implementing mandatory active coordination, the lack of uniform and measurable case-file completeness standards, and no formal mechanism for resolving institutional disagreements on legal interpretation. On the ground, coordination at Purwakarta still operates under the old sequential-passive pattern despite the new law: case-file returns (P-19) remain frequent, driven primarily by absent expert testimony, insufficient factual narration in examination records, and mismatches between charged articles and legal facts. A Friedman–Soekanto diagnostic reveals simultaneous dysfunction across all three legal system components substance, structure, and legal culture with the entrenched 'waiting culture' between the police and the prosecution identified as the most resistant obstacle to reform.

The development of digital technology has transformed trading patterns through the emergence of live shopping, a phenomenon that enables real-time interaction between sellers and consumers. Although it offers marketing efficiency, this model poses significant legal risks, including misleading information, promotional manipulation, and product non-conformity. This study aims to analyze legal certainty in consumer protection within live shopping transactions, examine the forms of business actors’ liability for consumer losses, and identify obstacles to regulatory implementation along with efforts to strengthen supervision.The research method employed is normative legal research using both a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that legal certainty in consumer protection within this ecosystem is grounded in the integration of Law No. 8 of 1999 (Consumer Protection Law) as the lex generalis and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 (Electronic Commerce/PMSE) as the lex specialis, which recognizes the validity of real-time electronic contracts. The legal liability of business actors is strict liability in nature, in accordance with Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Law, and may also be construed as a tort (Article 1365 of the Civil Code) in cases involving distortion of visual information.However, the effectiveness of these regulations is hindered by the ephemeral nature of transactions and low levels of digital literacy. This study recommends the implementation of technology-based supervisory systems (suptech), strengthening the oversight function of platforms (PPMSE), and policy synchronization between the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Communication and Informatics in standardizing business actor verification to ensure the security of the digital commerce ecosystem.

The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era presents both challenges and opportunities in history teaching, particularly regarding teachers’ ability to integrate technology and adapt to changes in students’ learning styles. This study aims to analyse the challenges faced by teachers and the strategies employed in digital-based history teaching. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) employing the PRISMA approach, involving the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. From the selection process, 25 relevant articles were identified for qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that teachers’ digital literacy levels remain at a moderate level and are unevenly distributed, thereby affecting the sub-optimal integration of technology into teaching. Furthermore, changes in students’ learning styles which are increasingly technology-oriented require more interactive and contextual pedagogical innovations. On the other hand, the use of digital media has proven capable of enhancing student motivation and learning outcomes, although this is still hindered by limitations in infrastructure and teachers’ technical competencies. The abundance of historical information on the internet also poses challenges regarding the validity of sources, thus necessitating the strengthening of digital literacy and critical thinking. The implications of this research underscore the importance of the ongoing development of teachers’ digital skills, the improvement of educational facilities, and the implementation of innovative teaching models to ensure that history teaching becomes more relevant and effective, and is capable of fostering critical thinking skills in pupils in the digital age.

Breast tumors are classified into two types, namely benign and malignant tumors, the latter commonly referred to as breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the major health problems affecting women worldwide, including in Indonesia. According to WHO data in 2022, there were 2.3 million breast cancer cases with 685,000 deaths globally, while in Indonesia, 396,914 cases and 234,511 deaths were reported. The high incidence rate is exacerbated by low public awareness in recognizing early symptoms and performing early detection, resulting in 60–70% of cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage, supported by findings that 65.6% of female students still have a low level of knowledge. Female students were selected as research subjects because they are in a vulnerable reproductive age group and have an important role in increasing awareness of early detection, yet they still have limited knowledge. Based on this, this study aims to design a web-based early detection system for breast tumor risk using the Forward Chaining method, which functions as a tool to identify early symptoms, assess risk levels, and provide information on prevention and initial management. This study employed the method with the Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC) model, consisting of the stages of assessment, knowledge acquisition, design, testing, and documentation, along with the Forward Chaining inference method.

The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is a social protection instrument designed to help low-income families meet their basic needs. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as targeting inaccuracies, limited data, and varying administrative capacity at the village level. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of BLT-DD using William N. Dunn’s six policy evaluation criteria through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, covering effectiveness, efficiency, equity, responsiveness, conceptual alignment, and implementation. The findings indicate that BLT-DD is fairly effective in helping households maintain consumption, yet its effectiveness and adequacy remain constrained by the amount of assistance and the quality of data collection. Program efficiency and responsiveness are relatively good in villages with sufficient governance capacity, while equity emerges as the weakest aspect due to inaccurate data verification. Conceptually, BLT-DD aligns with the needs of low-income communities, but implementation accuracy still requires reinforcement. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more systematic monitoring mechanisms, cross-sectoral data integration, and administrative training for village officials to enhance service quality. Overall, BLT-DD provides valuable support but requires improvements in governance and data systems to optimize outcomes, including regular evaluation strategies and refinement of supporting regulations.

The Qur'an al-Karīm employs at least four principal terms in referring to human beings, namely al-basyar, al-insān, al-nās, and banī Ādam. These terms are not merely synonymous; rather, each represents distinct yet complementary dimensions of humanity in constructing a holistic concept of the human being. This study aims to: (1) analyze the semantic meanings of these four terms based on mufrodat studies, Makkiyah-Madaniyah classification, and asbābun nuzūl; (2) compare the interpretations of classical scholars - Al-Ṭabarī, Ibn Kathīr, Al-Qurṭubī, and Fakhr Al-Rāzī - with those of contemporary scholars - Sayyid Quṭb, Ibn ‘Āshūr, M. Quraish Shihab, and Buya Hamka; and (3) formulate their implications for Islamic education. This research employs a library research method using the tafsīr maudhū‘ī approach integrated with Izutsu’s semantic analysis model. The findings reveal that al-basyar represents the physical-biological dimension of human beings; al-insān represents the spiritual dimension in relation to ‘ubūdiyyah toward Allah; al-nās represents the social-collective dimension; and banī Ādam represents the intellectual-rational dimension inherited from Adam through the divine gift of teaching al-asmā’ (Qur'an 2:31). Collectively, these four dimensions provide fundamental implications for the development of objectives, curriculum, methodology, and evaluation within holistic and comprehensive Islamic education.

This article examines umpasa as the determinant of the validity of the Mangalahat Horbo ritual and as a vehicle for transmitting the cultural values of the Batak Toba people from an anthropolinguistic perspective. Mangalahat Horbo is a buffalo sacrifice ritual that functions simultaneously as a cosmological, political, and linguistic event. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using three theoretical frameworks: Dell Hymes' (1974) SPEAKING model to analyze the ritual as a speech event, Roland Barthes' (1968) semiotics to dissect the denotative and connotative meanings of umpasa, and Kluckhohn's (1953) theory of cultural values and Sibarani's (2014) local wisdom theory to identify embedded cultural values. The findings reveal that umpasa operates on three simultaneous layers of meaning: pragmatic-performative, social-hierarchical, and cosmological-ecological. Umpasa is not merely an aesthetic ornament but a constitutive element of the ritual that shapes the social and cosmological reality of the Bius community. Eight cultural values are identified: communicative courtesy, adat knowledge transmission, self-restraint, collective responsibility, cultural preservation, cosmological reciprocity, distributive justice, and ecological harmony. This study affirms the urgency of anthropolinguistic documentation of Mangalahat Horbo before the Parhata masters of umpasa diminish further.

The ICU is one of the largest clinical cost centers in hospitals due to its high demand for human resources, medical equipment, and operational costs. This situation emphasizes that intensive care unit efficiency is a multidimensional issue that cannot be assessed solely from a single aspect. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the intensive care unit at Ciremai Hospital, Cirebon City, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to determine resource optimization. Analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study consisted of personnel in the ICU of Ciremai Hospital from 2023 to 2025, with total sampling applied. The input variables included the number of physicians, nurses, beds, monitors, and ventilators, while the output variables consisted of BOR, LOS, and recovered patients. The ICU input variables remained stable during the study period, while output variables fluctuated with a declining trend in BOR and LOS. The results of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicated that all study periods achieved an efficiency score of 1.00 (efficient), with a slack value of 0.00 across all input variables.

This research is motivated by the reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in congregation life which reflects the dynamics of a multicultural society, where differences in cultural identity have the potential to cause social friction if not managed wisely. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with normative studies, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of informants consisting of pastors, congregation councils, and presbyters. The theory used is Ralph Linton's role theory which explains how individuals carry out social functions according to their status in society. The results of the study indicate that the life of the GMIT Sion Oepura congregation is characterized by multicultural dynamics as seen from the diversity of ethnicities such as Timor, Rote, Sabu, Flores, and Alor which not only enriches church life through cultural expressions in worship and church activities, but also gives rise to symbolic friction between ethnic groups, such as the tendency for the dominance of certain cultural symbols and the emergence of group ego attitudes in several worship activities, for example in the celebration of Language and Culture Month. In this situation, religious leaders play a role as leaders who embrace diversity, mediators in managing potential conflicts, and social and moral role models for the congregation through sermons, pastoral guidance, and various service activities that involve the entire congregation without differentiating cultural backgrounds. Despite the existence of cultural differences and the tendency for certain symbolic dominance, religious leaders are able to manage this diversity normatively so that it does not develop into open conflict. This study concludes that the role of religious leaders is very important in strengthening social solidarity and maintaining harmony in multicultural congregations.

This study examines the determinants of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) based on three main macroeconomic factors namely inflation, the USD/IDR exchange rate, and the SBI interest rate (BI Rate) covering the period January 2020 to December 2025, in the context of post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery and global economic turmoil. A quantitative approach was employed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, with 72 monthly observations derived from secondary data sourced from official institutions including Bank Indonesia (BI), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Classical assumption tests were applied comprising the Jarque-Bera normality test, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for multicollinearity, Breusch-Godfrey for autocorrelation, White Test for heteroscedasticity, and Ramsey RESET for model specification. Partially, inflation, exchange rate, and BI Rate each demonstrate a positive and significant effect on the JCI (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, all three variables exert a significant combined influence on the JCI, with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.4414, indicating that the model explains 44.14% of the variation in the JCI. The remaining 55.86% is attributed to other variables outside the model. Classical assumption test results reveal violations of normality, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity assumptions, although the model is free from multicollinearity. These findings confirm that Bank Indonesia's monetary policy has a significant and measurable impact on capital market performance. Further research is recommended using more advanced time series models such as GARCH or VECM to address violations of classical assumptions and improve estimation efficiency.

This study aims to determine the effect of tax planning and capital structure on firm value, with firm size as a moderator. The population in this study is all non-cyclical consumer companies in the food and beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2024 period. The type of research used in this study is quantitative associative with secondary data. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Based on this technique, 24 companies were obtained that met certain criteria. The panel data regression technique used in this study is the Random Effect Model. Testing of panel data regression and moderation regression uses the E=views 13 application. The results of this study indicate that tax planning partially has no effect on firm value, while capital structure does affect firm value. The results simultaneously show that tax planning and capital structure affect firm value. The results of this study also indicate that firm size weakens the relationship between tax planning and firm value, and firm size is also unable to moderate or weaken the relationship between capital structure and firm value.

This study examines how solvency, profitability, liquidity, and operating costs are affected by book-tax differences (BTD) among property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2022 to 2024. One key indicator of financial reporting transparency is BTD, which reflects the difference between accounting and taxable income. This is particularly relevant for the property sector, which contributes Rp185 trillion to national tax revenue. The results of the study, conducted using the Random Effects Model panel data regression method with 93 observations from 31 companies, show that solvency (DER) has a significant effect on BTD, while profitability (ROA) also has a significant effect, indicating that companies with high profits tend to engage in more aggressive tax planning practices and financial reporting strategies. On the other hand, liquidity and operating costs do not have a significant impact on corporate tax reporting behavior. 98% of the variation in BTD can be explained by the model.

Sustainability issues encompassing economic, social and environmental aspects are driving reform in the global financial sector, including in Indonesia. Although the OJK has published a Sustainable Finance Roadmap since 2015, Indonesia does not yet have comprehensive green finance regulations in the banking sector. This study aims to analyse the state of green finance regulation in the Indonesian banking sector and compare it with China’s Green Credit Guidelines, in order to identify relevant aspects for adoption in strengthening national green finance policy. This study employs a normative legal methodology using a legislative and comparative law approach, alongside a qualitative descriptive-analytical analysis of secondary data. The author found that green finance regulations in Indonesia remain fragmented and scattered across various sectoral legal instruments without adequate integration, thereby creating loopholes for greenwashing practices and the adoption of green principles that are merely administrative in nature. The Sustainable Finance Committee mandated by the P2SK Act has not yet been established, exacerbating the lack of coordination between institutions. In contrast, China, through its 2012 Green Credit Guidelines and 2016 Guidelines for Establishing a Green Financial System, demonstrates a regulatory model that is hierarchical, standardised, and legally binding. A comparison of the two identifies four relevant aspects for Indonesia to adopt: an integrated regulatory approach, standardisation of environmental risk operations, strengthening of oversight mechanisms and due diligence, and cross-sectoral institutional coordination. Consequently, Indonesia requires comprehensive, dedicated green finance regulations and must promptly establish the Sustainable Finance Committee as the sole coordinating authority.

The development of Indonesia’s traditional cuisine faces significant hurdles as shifting consumer preferences increasingly favor modern food options. This trend necessitates innovative approaches to ensure local culinary heritage remains competitive. This study examines the role of sociopreneurship as an innovation strategy at Ingkung Djawa Waroeng Ndesso. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design, the research gathered insights from the business owner and employees selected via purposive sampling. Data collection involved interviews, observations, and documentation, with validity ensured through source triangulation. The analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings reveal that implementing sociopreneurship effectively integrates economic and social objectives by preserving authentic recipes, empowering local communities, and generating employment. Key innovations include diversifying product offerings while maintaining authenticity and leveraging social media for strategic marketing. These results demonstrate that social entrepreneurship serves as a powerful mechanism for enhancing business competitiveness while safeguarding cultural sustainability. The study implies that traditional culinary development can be successfully managed through a sociopreneurial framework, allowing for modern innovation without compromising core cultural values. Consequently, this model offers a sustainable pathway for traditional businesses to thrive amidst the challenges of contemporary market globalization.

The digital era has fundamentally transformed the market landscape, requiring e-commerce platforms to understand the determinants of consumer behavior. This study aims to analyze the role of E-commerce Trust as a mediating variable in the relationship between Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Enjoyment on Purchase Intention. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 326 active users of the Lazada platform in Central Java. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results show that the three main factors ease, usefulness, and enjoyment have a positive and significant influence on Brand Trust and consumer Purchase Intention directly. Furthermore, it was found that E-commerce Trust acts as a crucial mediator that strengthens Purchase Intention through positive user experience. Theoretically, this study strengthens the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework and the context of Cross-Border E-commerce (CBEC) in the digital retail industry. Practically, these findings emphasize the importance of optimizing platform features to enhance transaction convenience and security and build long-term loyalty. The research's implications suggest that platform managers should focus on both aesthetics and functionality to create a credible and enjoyable digital shopping ecosystem for consumers in developing regions.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal capacity-building for Temporary Land Deed Officials (PPATS) in the preparation of land deeds in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province. The research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and document analysis. This approach enables a comprehensive examination of both the normative framework and its practical implementation in the field. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of capacity-building for PPATS remains suboptimal, as the existing programs are largely administrative, incidental, and insufficient in addressing substantive legal aspects. Several factors influence this condition, including the non-legal educational background of PPATS, prevailing community legal culture, limitations in training programs, weak institutional coordination, and social pressures encountered in the practice of land deed preparation. These challenges contribute to a low level of material competence and legal prudence among PPATS in carrying out their duties. Accordingly, there is a need for a more sustainable, contextual, and competency-based capacity-building model to enhance the professionalism of PPATS. Such an approach is essential to strengthen their substantive legal understanding, improve the quality of land deeds, and ultimately support the realization of legal certainty in land administration services.

A mid the growing complexity of contemporary education, the challenge of integrating intellectual achievement with moral and spiritual development has become increasingly urgent. This study examines educational strategies in the Qur’an through the perspective of tafsir tarbawi, focusing on four core approaches: exemplary conduct, advice, dialogue, and storytelling. The research aims to explore how the Qur’an presents pedagogical methods that not only convey knowledge but also shape character and internalize values in learners. Employing a qualitative library research design with thematic and tafsir tarbawi approaches, this study analyzes relevant Qur’anic verses and supporting scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a holistic and dynamic model of education in which exemplary conduct functions as a behavioral model, advice serves as a means of value internalization, dialogue promotes reflective and critical thinking, and storytelling strengthens moral awareness through narrative experience. These strategies are interconnected and operate across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The study concludes that Qur’anic educational strategies remain highly relevant for contemporary Islamic education, particularly in strengthening character formation, reflective learning, and the integration of values in educational practice.

This research was conducted to describe the condition of displaced communities who experience limitations in meeting basic needs, such as decent housing, access to education, and health services. Socio-economic inequality is the main factor that affects the quality of life of vulnerable groups, including children, adults, and the elderly. The Rumah Asa program is designed as an effort to provide protection, psychological support, and economic empowerment through skills training and health services according to needs. The research used a qualitative approach through interviews, field observations, and questionnaire dissemination to gain an in-depth understanding of the respondents' living situation. The research population consisted of displaced individuals who had the potential to become beneficiaries of the program. The data obtained were analyzed to identify patterns of vulnerability and intervention needs. The results showed that each respondent faced unstable socio-economic conditions, with limited income, lack of family support, and high health risks. The discussion showed that neglect is multidimensional and requires comprehensive interventions that include material, emotional, social, and health aspects. The conclusion of the study confirms that the Rumah Asa Program has great potential as a model of effective social intervention in improving the quality of life of vulnerable groups, as long as it is supported by the collaboration of the community, government, and social institutions.

Self-development is a crucial competence for navigating the professional world; however, many individuals face significant barriers in optimizing this potential. This study aims to formulate an integrative model of Quranic Tadabur and bibliotherapy as a professional therapeutic intervention in counseling, addressing gaps in existing literature. Using a library research method with content analysis, the findings indicate that Quranic Tadabur effectively enhances essential self-development skills, including self-awareness, work motivation, problem-solving, time management, emotional regulation, critical and creative thinking, and social collaboration. Within the bibliotherapy framework, the self-development process is structured through stages of motivation, incubation, follow-up, and evaluation. Furthermore, several counseling techniques are proposed, such as self-management, minimal contact, counselor-led management, and directed counseling, to support individual growth. This integrative approach highlights the role of spirituality in fostering holistic personal and professional development. The study contributes theoretically to the advancement of spirituality-based counseling models, particularly in the context of modern career development, and offers a conceptual foundation for future empirical research.

Group-based learning in the classroom plays a vital role in enhancing social interaction, individual responsibility, as well as students' critical thinking and collaborative skills. However, its implementation often faces challenges such as the dominance of certain members, social loafing, low participation, and interpersonal conflicts that hinder group effectiveness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the dynamics of learning groups by integrating four key aspects: the concept of group dynamics based on the Tuckman model, the characteristics of effective groups in cooperative learning, group formation techniques, and conflict management strategies. The research utilizes a qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing 25 sources including nationally accredited journals, academic books, and theses published between 2020 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, thematic classification, content analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The results indicate that effective group dynamics can be achieved through the Tuckman stages, the application of the five elements of cooperative learning, the selection of appropriate group formation techniques with risk mitigation, and the implementation of the Thomas-Kilmann conflict management styles.The scientific contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model based on these four aspects, which serves as a conceptual framework to strengthen collaborative learning practices in the classroom. Practical implications include the formation of ideal groups consisting of 4–5 students, the establishment of initial group contracts, the use of dual assessment rubrics (individual and group), and peer evaluation mechanisms to enhance accountability and reflection.