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This article critically examines the training program document for mentors of First Communion candidates at St. Paul Pringgolayan Parish as an institutional religious text. The study employs Peter L. Berger’s theory of the social construction of reality and Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis of power as its analytical framework. Using a qualitative interpretive method, the research conducts an in-depth textual analysis of the document’s narrative structure, normative language, actor relations, and mechanisms of legitimation. The findings reveal that the text is not merely a plan and report of pastoral activities; it also functions as an institutional apparatus that reproduces religious reality while shaping subjects of faith through pedagogical, ritual, and administrative systems. This article argues that pastoral documents can be understood as pastoral social technologies that operate through language to structure religious experience, regulate the distribution of authority, and instill norms of faith practice. These findings contribute to the sociology of religion by demonstrating how faith formation practices at the local level constitute a concrete locus of interaction between the construction of religious meaning and the operation of discursive power.

This study examines how Javanese culture is represented in the tingkeban ceremony of the second child of celebrity couple Lesti Kejora and Rizky Billar, using a critical discourse analysis approach influenced by the post-structuralist theory of Michel Foucault. The tingkeban tradition, originally a private ritual, has been reconstructed into digital entertainment, focusing on aesthetics, religious narratives, and the ideal image of motherhood. By applying Foucault’s concepts of discourse, power, and subject formation, this article reveals how cultural meanings, gender roles, and celebrity identities are formulated through discursive mechanisms on social media platforms. The findings indicate that the event is not merely a means of cultural preservation, but also a symbolic exercise of power that reinforces social norms and preferred identities, particularly those aligned with the middle-class values. In this context, tradition becomes a contested site for the construction and negotiation of meaning in contemporary discourse.

This study examines how colonial power is articulated through the form, spatial layout, and symbolism of Bogor Palace, and how post-independence transformations in function and discourse shape its new identity. As a colonial architectural legacy, Bogor Palace holds historical significance and reflects power dynamics, cultural representation, and spatial acculturation in both colonial and postcolonial contexts. The research highlights the importance of reassessing colonial architecture as a medium for representing power and ideology, especially in buildings that remain national symbols. Using a qualitative approach with literature review and visual analysis, the study applies Michel Foucault’s theory of power and discourse to reveal embedded power structures, and Erwin Panofsky’s iconography and iconology to decode visual symbols and meanings. Findings show that the neoclassical European style of the palace reflects colonial dominance, yet its adaptation through local materials, construction techniques, and climate-responsive elements indicates a complex process of acculturation. Initially marginal, local culture becomes integrated into the building’s design. After independence, the palace was resemanticized from a colonial icon to a national emblem, illustrating a shift in identity and power narratives. Today, restoration efforts not only preserve its historical value but also reaffirm role as a dynamic cultural space shaping Indonesia’s collective memory.

This study aims to analyze in regard of women's social conditions in the film Holy Spiderdirected by Ali Abbasi. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on Simone de Beauvoir's theory of women's position, Erving Goffman's theory of stigma, Michel Foucault's theory of power, and the sociology of literature approach, this research reveals how Holy Spiderrepresents gender inequality and the oppression of women within Iran's social structure. The characters Rahimi, a journalist, along with Somayeh and Soghra, who are sex workers, illustrate how women experience restricted mobility, violence, discrimination, and social marginalization. The findings show that the portrayal of women's social conditions in the film not only reflects the social realities in Iran but also highlights how power and social norms contribute to reinforcing injustice against women. Through this film, Abbasi presents the harsh reality faced by women living under a rigid patriarchal system that denies space for gender equality.

This article aims to analyze the short story Destination of the Land of Twilight through the lens of contemporary existentialist theories, focusing on the concepts of freedom, anxiety, and absurdity. Through this approach, this article will explore how these themes appear in short stories and how the main character faces them in his life journey full of uncertainty. By connecting these contemporary theories with literary works, this article is expected to provide deeper insights into the interaction between literature and philosophy in describing the existential condition of humans in the modern world. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analytical approach to analyze the short story The Purpose of the Land of Senja by Seno Gumira Ajidarma through the lens of existentialist philosophy. The main focus of this research is to explore the philosophical themes contained in short stories, such as freedom, anxiety, and absurdity, which are concepts in existentialism. The theoretical approach used draws on the thought of contemporary philosophers, such as Michel Foucault, Alain de Botton, and Jean-Luc Nancy, to examine how these short stories reflect the human experience of uncertainty and the search for meaning in life. The data collection technique is carried out by text study, namely reading and reviewing short stories in depth to identify elements that reflect existential themes, as well as relevant literature reviews. The short story The Purpose of the Land of Senja by Seno Gumira Ajidarma depicts the existential journey of a protagonist who is trapped in the search for the meaning of life. The main character in this short story is depicted in a state of confusion, questioning the purpose of his life and the world around him. This search, which is depicted with the metaphor of "Land of Twilight", reflects the anxiety and uncertainty that is at the heart of existentialism.

This article aims to explain how the Theory of Power Relations explained by Michel Foucault. This research uses a qualitative method with an analytical-philosophical approach from literature studies, so that the main sources in the research are books, journals, websites and related literature regarding power relations from Michel Foucault. The results obtained that what is known as power relations is explained as power is far different from the definitions found. If many parties or thinkers place the substance of power in the central leader who is legally vertical. So, Foucault in the Theory of Power Relations puts the definition of power as widespread, power according to him is everywhere, anytime, and is not bound by any authority. In Foucault's view of Power Relations, it can dissect many social phenomena that are realized or not, often Power Relations occur because for Foucault the condition for the existence of power is the main existence of "relations", so that from this relationship it will create itself by highlighting whose knowledge is greater, then that is what will dominate. Because power will be seen when in a relationship there is control over knowledge that is more striking, at the same time in the Power Relations is the production of knowledge for those who are being controlled. In this case, the author found a case of alleged sexual harassment carried out by a disabled man without hands named Agus Buntung who was suspected of sexual harassment, in this case Agus committed the act of harassment despite the presence of hands using Power Relations by relying on the production of knowledge he has, namely producing knowledge by playing with someone's emotions, so that a woman who was targeted was then dominated and ultimately could be easily harassed.

Undocumented migrant children lose access to formal education. Therefore, a learning forum is provided, namely the guidance studio (SB) or Learning Center. This research uses a qualitative method using a case study approach. The aim of this research is to determine the form of social relations of NGO PERMAI in building a guidance studio for undocumented migrant children, to find out the form of support/contribution from related parties in helping fulfill education for migrant children. The theory used is Michel Foucault's theory of power relations. The results of this research are: The PERMAI NGO guidance studio requires support and assistance from other parties, this form of relationship is a collaborative relationship from (KBRI, ​​KJRIl, PPI and students from universities in Indonesia). The forms of support provided vary, such as material support or learning needs (desks, chairs, notebooks, boards, etc.) or support in the form of personnel as provided by PPI.

This study aims to analyze the power dynamics that occur in the interaction between a clown and a driver at a red light using Michel Foucault's power theory approach. Clowns at red lights are often objects of interest to motorists and pedestrians, but their role in public space is rarely examined from a power perspective. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the clown's interaction at the red light. Data was collected through participant observation, interviews with clowns, and content analysis from social media that describes these interactions. The results showed that clowns at red lights use various strategies to attract the attention of motorists, such as funny gestures, flashy costumes, and silly actions. However, behind the fun and joy shown by the clown, there is a hidden power structure. Through the use of humorous actions, clowns are able to change the dynamics of public space, divert the attention of motorists from existing traffic rules, and form alternative narratives about that space. This study also shows that the presence of a clown at a red light involves a complex power and knowledge relationship between the clown, the driver, and the general public. Clowns use their symbolic power to control people's perceptions and evaluations of public space, as well as to go beyond the rules and norms that apply. Using Foucault's theory of power, this study provides a new understanding of the clown's interaction at the red light as a form of resistance to existing power. This research also describes how clowns, as actors who are underestimated by many people, can utilize their power to shape and reconstruct meaning and experience in public space.