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Background: Labor is a physiological process that is commonly accompanied by pain, causing discomfort, anxiety, and fear that may interfere with maternal well-being and labor progress. Effleurage massage is a complementary, non-pharmacological intervention used to reduce labor pain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effleurage massage in reducing pain intensity during the first stage of labor. Method: A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from Google Scholar. An initial search identified 45 articles, and after screening based on publication year (2021–2026), relevance, and inclusion criteria, 10 research articles were included for analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: The findings consistently showed that effleurage massage reduced labor pain by promoting relaxation, decreasing muscle tension, improving blood circulation, and stimulating endorphin release through the gate control mechanism. Most studies also reported improved maternal comfort during labor. Conclusion: In conclusion, effleurage massage is an effective, safe, affordable, and easy-to-apply complementary therapy that can be integrated into midwifery care to reduce labor pain and enhance maternal comfort.  

Introduction: Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg that has the potential to cause serious complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is 34.11% (Riskesdas, 2018), in Central Java 37.57%, and in Tonjong Village 15,951 patients aged ≥15 years were recorded (Tonjong Health Center, 2025). Purpose: To provide direct and comprehensive family nursing care to Ny. T, the family of Tn. D, with hypertension in Tonjong Village, Dukuh Kauman RT 03 RW 04, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Method: Case study with a nursing process approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation, conducted on December 26–29, 2025. Results: Assessment revealed that Ny. T complained of dizziness, neck pain, difficulty sleeping, and soreness in both legs with blood pressure of 167/100 mmHg. The family had no knowledge about hypertension. Two diagnoses were established: Acute Pain (D.0077) and Knowledge Deficit (D.0111). Interventions included complementary foot massage therapy to address acute pain and health education on hypertension. After three visits, the Acute Pain diagnosis was partially resolved with a decrease in pain scale from 3 to 2 and blood pressure from 167/100 mmHg to 150/95 mmHg, while the Knowledge Deficit diagnosis was fully resolved. Conclusion: Family Nursing Care with the SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI approach had a positive impact on improving the condition of Ny. T. It is recommended that the client continue foot massage independently, implement the five family health tasks, and routinely utilize health facilities.

Gout arthritis is joint inflammation that occurs suddenly due to the accumulation of excess uric acid levels in the body (hyperuricemia). In Indonesia, based on the 2018 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of gout diagnosed by health workers ranges from 11.9% to 24.7%, with the highest rates in the elderly age group. This scientific paper aims to provide family nursing care for Mr. T and family with musculoskeletal system disorder: gout arthritis in Tonjong Village, Karanganyar Hamlet, RT 03 RW 04, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. The method used is narrative descriptive, focusing on nursing care given to patients according to the stages of the nursing process. The method of data collection includes observation, interview, and documentation. The nursing diagnoses that emerged were impaired physical mobility and knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions included ambulation support, oral medication administration, massage therapy, and health education. After 2 days of nursing implementation, the evaluation results showed that both nursing diagnoses of impaired physical mobility and knowledge deficit were resolved.

This community service activity aims to improve the community’s knowledge and skills in making natural-ingredient massage oils as both an alternative health product and a business opportunity. The program was implemented in Bingkat Village, Pegajahan Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, with the primary target being housewives who are members of the PKK group. The main challenges faced by the community partners include high reliance on chemicalbased products, limited understanding of the use of medicinal plants, and a lack of productive activities that support family economies. Implementation methods included outreach sessions, training, hands-on practice, and guidance in making massage oil using natural ingredients such as lemongrass oil and nutmeg seed oil. In addition, participants were also provided with training in packaging, business management, and basic marketing. The results of the activities showed an increase in the community’s knowledge and skills in processing natural ingredients into massage oil products that are safe, effective, and economically valuable. This program is expected to promote community selfreliance and increase family income through the development of businesses based on local potential.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 4,9%. In addition to pharmacological management through LINTAS DIARE, non-pharmacological therapies such as baby massage are increasingly being implemented as supportive interventions that families can perform to accelerate recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of baby massage as a complementary therapy in reducing the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in toddlers. The method used involved identifying relevant articles from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases using appropriate keywords. Based on the 6 articles obtained, baby massage significantly (p = 0,000) reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea through vagus nerve stimulation, which optimizes intestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Beyond improving defecation patterns, this therapy is proven to significantly increase infant weight, accelerate motor development through central nervous system stimulation, and enhance sleep quality and comfort.

Post section caesarea (SC) and method of operative female sterilization (MOW) are surgical procedures that may cause various problems, such as pain, limited mobility, decreased muscle strength, and risk of postoperative complications. Physiotherapy management through exercise therapy is an important intervention to accelerate the recovery process. Objective this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy in improving the functional condition of patients post SC and MOW in Annisa Ward 32 A at PKU Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Hospital. Method: used was a case report on a 33-year-old female patient following SC and MOW procedures. The physiotherapy interventions included deep breathing exercises, active range of motion exercises of the extremities, light abdominal muscle contractions, gradual early mobilization, as well as breast massage and oxytocin stimulation. The results showed a reduction in pain from a scale of 4–5 to 2–3 based on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), improvement in mobility such as independent position changes, and increased activity tolerance, including sitting and walking with minimal assistance. In addition, the patient showed increased confidence in performing daily functional activities. Conclusion: exercise therapy has a positive effect on improving mobility, reducing pain, and accelerating functional recovery in post SC and MOW patients. Therefore, exercise therapy is recommended as an essential component of postoperative physiotherapy management to improve patients' quality of life.

The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is still a public health challenge because it has a direct impact on infant health. Factors that cause low coverage of breastfeeding include problems in the breastfeeding process, economic conditions, environmental support, and socio-cultural aspects. Milk production is influenced by the hormone prolactin, while milk production is influenced by the hormone oxytocin. One of the interventions that has been proven to help with breast milk production is oxytocin massage. Based on this, this community service activity was carried out as an effort to increase breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. The method of the activity is in the form of health counseling to pregnant women in the third trimester with educational media in the form of presentation materials. The activity was complemented by discussions, questions and answers, and demonstrations of the right oxytocin massage techniques to strengthen participants' understanding. The implementation of the activity went well and received enthusiasm from the participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in pregnant women's knowledge about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and skills in performing oxytocin massage. Thus, this activity is expected to support the increase in exclusive breastfeeding coverage through the empowerment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as a promotive-preventive strategy in maintaining the health of babies in a sustainable manner.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in building attachment relationships, due to ASD children experiencing impairments in communication, social interaction, and emotional regulation. This study aims to identify effective intervention strategies to improve the quality of attachment between parents and children with ASD through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review findings indicate that several interventions have proven effective in enhancing attachment between parents or primary caregivers and children with ASD, including the following interventions: DIR/Floortime, Focused Playtime Intervention (FPI), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Circle of Security (COS), Positive Behavior Support (PBS), play training, massage therapy, and psychoeducation. The results of these interventions show that changes occur before and after the intervention, including strengthening two-way communication, increasing parental sensitivity, and improving the child's emotional responses. These findings have practical implications for parents, educators, and therapists in designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive relationship-based interventions can build secure attachments between children with ASD and their parents and serve as an important reference in attachment-based parenting and therapy practices.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of cross-sector education based on community participation as an effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Watangsono Village, Wonogiri. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through participatory observation, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving key stakeholders in the village. The results show that the implementation of cross-sector educational programs covering education, health, economy, and environment has a significant impact on improving community knowledge, skills, and awareness. Community participation was reflected through active involvement in various practical activities, such as anti-bullying education, digital literacy training, stunting prevention through local food processing, herbal plant utilization, natural pesticide production, family health massage practices, and strengthening local economic capacity. The participatory and applicative approach encourages two-way knowledge transfer and strengthens community capacity in managing local resources sustainably. Despite challenges such as limited resources and time constraints, the program demonstrates positive contributions to supporting SDGs achievement at the village level. Therefore, cross-sector education based on community participation can serve as an effective strategy in empowering rural communities and fostering sustainable development.

Injectable contraception remains one of the most widely used family planning methods among couples of reproductive age. However, the success of this method is strongly influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes of acceptors, which in practice are often still inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable contraceptive educational videos in improving the knowledge and attitudes of injectable contraceptive acceptors at TPMB Siti Juhariyah. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 injectable contraceptive acceptors were selected as samples using purposive sampling techniques. The intervention consisted of providing an educational video on injectable contraception, followed by the assessment of participants’ knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine differences between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed a significant increase in acceptors’ knowledge, which shifted from moderate and low categories to a good category after the educational video intervention. In addition, the acceptors’ attitudes toward the use of injectable contraception also demonstrated a significant positive change. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that injectable contraceptive educational videos are effective in improving the knowledge and attitudes of acceptors. Therefore, educational videos can be utilized as a supportive counseling medium in family planning services to enhance the quality of contraceptive care in independent midwifery practices.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of infant massage on growth and development among infants attending Puskesmas Bongo II. Infant massage is recognized as a form of sensory stimulation that enhances neural function, improves blood circulation, and strengthens maternal–infant bonding, thereby potentially supporting optimal physical growth and developmental progress. This research employed an analytic cross-sectional design involving infants aged 0–12 months, with a total sample of 50 infants selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria. Information regarding infant massage practices was collected through structured maternal interviews and categorized into routine massage (≥3 times per week) and non-routine massage. Infant growth was assessed using the weight-for-age (W/A) indicator based on WHO growth standards, while development was measured using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). The results showed that infants who received routine massage demonstrated significantly better growth status and developmental outcomes compared to those who did not receive massage routinely. These findings suggest that infant massage is a simple, safe, and practical intervention that can be recommended to support growth and development and may be integrated into maternal and child health services at Puskesmas Bongo II.

Complementary therapy has recently become an important issue in many countries. Its use has increased due to several factors, including personal beliefs, cost considerations, the side effects of chemical medications, and expectations of recovery. One of the complementary therapies that is often chosen is warm water foot soaking combined with foot massage. This therapy has the potential to reduce blood pressure through relaxation mechanisms and peripheral vasodilation, which have been supported by scientific evidence.This study aimed to analyze the application of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) of warm water foot soaking and foot massage therapy in hypertensive patients within nursing care. The method used was an EBP-based case study design involving three patients with hypertension. The intervention consisted of warm water foot soaking using approximately 2 liters of water at a temperature of 38–40°C combined with foot massage, administered once daily for three days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention.The results showed a decrease in blood pressure: Mrs. S from 170/100 mmHg to 150/80 mmHg, Mrs. L from 170/80 mmHg to 150/80 mmHg, and Mr. F from 165/90 mmHg to 130/70 mmHg. Warm water foot soaking and foot massage were effective as non-pharmacological interventions to reduce blood pressure and improve comfort in patients with hypertension. ase study design involving three patients with hypertension. The intervention consisted of warm water foot soaking using approximately 2 liters of water at a temperature of 38–40°C combined with foot massage, administered once daily for three days. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention.The results showed a decrease in blood pressure: Mrs. S from 170/100 mmHg to 150/80 mmHg, Mrs. L from 170/80 mmHg to 150/80 mmHg, and Mr. F from 165/90 mmHg to 130/70 mmHg. Warm water foot soaking and foot massage were effective as non-pharmacological interventions to reduce blood pressure and improve comfort in patients with hypertension.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a structural or functional abnormality of the kidneys that lasts ≥3 months with the criteria of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or the presence of kidney damage such as albuminuria and urinary abnormalities (Kidney International, 2024). CKD patients, especially those treated in intensive care units, often experience gastrointestinal disorders such as increased volume of gastric residues. Giving enteral nutrition to patients with NGT can increase the volume of gastric residue which is at risk of causing complications. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be carried out is abdominal massage, which is a light massage technique in the abdominal area that can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and improve gastrointestinal motility. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of  giving abdominal massage on reducing the volume of gastric residue in CKD patients in the ICU. This scientific paper uses a case study design using abdominal mass therapy. The number of respondents was 3 people, the intervention was carried out for 3 days with a time of 10-15 minutes. The application of abdominal massage therapy in the three respondents showed a decrease in the volume of gastric residue after admixture was carried out  for three consecutive days with an average decrease in the volume of gastric residue, which was 50 cc - 75 cc. Abdominal massage is a safe and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce gastric residue volume and support enteral nutrient tolerance in CKD patients in the ICU.

This study aims to determine the effect of educational activities on the management of ARI through infant massage practices on increasing maternal knowledge and reducing complaints of coughs and colds in infants in Majungan Village. The research method used was descriptive with a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). The study subjects consisted of 25 mothers with infants aged 0–12 months. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results showed that the level of maternal knowledge increased from 28% to 88% after being provided with education and demonstrations of infant massage. In addition, 76% of mothers reported a decrease in complaints of coughs and colds in infants after routine infant massage for one week. Qualitative results indicate that this activity is not only physically beneficial, but also increases the role of mothers in the management of mild ARI and awareness of the importance of cleanliness and environmental health. Thus, education on the management of ARI through infant massage practices can be one of the supporting efforts in maintaining infant health, especially in areas with limited access to health services.

The most frequent complaint among pregnant women, particularly during the second and third trimesters, is sleep difficulties. Emotional disorders, physical exhaustion, and a higher chance of pregnancy difficulties can all result from poor sleep. Back massage combined with lavender aromatherapy is one non-pharmacological treatment that has been shown to be safe for enhancing the quality of sleep. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of lavender back massage on pregnant women's sleep quality. Thirty third-trimester pregnant women in the West Halmahera Community Health Center (Puskesmas) operating area participated in the study, which employed a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest methodology. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep. According to the findings, the majority of respondents (76.7%) experienced poor sleep quality before to the back massage, with an average PSQI score of 11.2. The PSQI score dropped to 6.1 following three days of lavender back massages, indicating a substantial improvement in sleep quality. The Wilcoxon statistical test revealed a substantial increase in sleep quality following the intervention, with p = 0.000. According to the study's findings, back massage with lavender can be suggested as a safe supplemental therapy in prenatal care services as it effectively improves pregnant women's sleep quality.

Hypertension is a chronic health problem whose prevalence continues to increase and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions are needed to help control blood pressure safely and sustainably. One complementary therapy that has the potential to lower blood pressure is Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM), which works through relaxation mechanisms and modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to determine the effect of SSBM therapy on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients in the Camar Room of RSKD Dadi, South Sulawesi Province. The study used a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest–posttest design. A sample of 32 respondents was selected using a purposive sampling technique, divided into an intervention group and a control group. Data collection was carried out by measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention using a standard sphygmomanometer. The results showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the group receiving SSBM therapy compared to the control group. Thus, SSBM therapy has a significant effect on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients and can be recommended as a complementary therapy in nursing care.

The cosmetic industry continues to grow rapidly along with the increasing demand for natural-based body care products, one of which is massage oil. Essential oils such as lavender, citronella, and chamomile are known to have synergistic effects as relaxation agents, anxiety reducers, and anti-inflammatory agents. To support the safety and effectiveness of their use, the selection of appropriate carrier oils, such as olive oil, almond oil, and virgin coconut oil (VCO), is required due to their good penetration ability and moisturizing properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in carrier oils on the physical and sensory characteristics of aromatherapy massage oil preparations and to identify the most optimal formulation. The research was conducted experimentally by formulating three massage oil formulations using a combination of lavender, citronella, and chamomile essential oils with different carrier oil compositions. The evaluations included organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, stability, irritation tests, and hedonic tests. The results showed that all formulations were liquid, homogeneous, stable for 28 days, had pH values within the normal skin pH range, met the required viscosity and specific gravity standards, and did not cause skin irritation. Based on the hedonic test, formulation F2 was the most preferred by respondents and was determined to be the best formulation due to its most favorable aroma, texture, and comfort during use. Therefore, variations in carrier oils influence the characteristics of massage oil preparations and enable the determination of the optimal formulation

This study aimed to form late and evaluate a natural massage oil preparation using a combination of lavender, citronella, and chamomile essential oils with olive oil as the carrier oil. The background of this research was based on the increasing public demand for natural body care products that are safe, non-irritating to the skin, and provide relaxation effects. The three essential oils used possess therapeutic activities, including relaxation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to relieve stress and muscle tension. The study employed three formulation variations (F1, F2, and F3) with different compositions of essential oils. The evaluation of the preparations included organoleptic tests, pH measurement, viscosity, specific gravity, physical stability testing, hedonic testing, and irritation testing. The organoleptic test results showed that all formulations had a liquid form, a deep light-yellow color, and a characteristic aroma corresponding to the dominant essential oil in each formulation. The pH values of all formulations were stable at 5, indicating safety for skin application. Viscosity values were within the ideal range for massage oil, between 4.124–4.735 cPs, and specific gravity values were within the standard range. Stability testing over 28 days revealed no significant changes in color, aroma, pH, or viscosity. The irritation test indicated that none of the formulations caused skin irritation in panelists. Hedonic testing showed that formulation 2 was the most preferred in terms of aroma, while formulation 3 was preferred for texture. Overall, all three formulations were considered stable, safe, and well accepted by consumers, indicating their potential use as natural massage oil products.

Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants, and adequate milk production is essential to support infant growth and development. However, many breastfeeding mothers experience difficulties in milk production, particularly during the early postpartum period. Rolling massage is a non-pharmacological intervention that is believed to stimulate the release of oxytocin and prolactin hormones, thereby enhancing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of rolling massage on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers at Tidore City Hospital.This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 breastfeeding mothers were selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniques. Breast milk production was assessed before and after the implementation of rolling massage. The intervention was performed according to standardized procedures. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate differences in breast milk production before and after the intervention.The results showed a significant increase in breast milk production after the rolling massage intervention. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of rolling massage on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers.In conclusion, rolling massage has a significant positive effect on increasing breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers. This intervention can be recommended as a simple, safe, and effective complementary therapy to support successful breastfeeding, particularly in the early postpartum period.

Background: Suboptimal breast milk production during the postpartum period remains a major barrier to successful exclusive breastfeeding. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been developed to address this issue, including oxytocin massage, which is believed to stimulate the release of the oxytocin hormone and facilitate milk ejection. However, findings regarding its effectiveness remain varied, highlighting the need for a comprehensive synthesis of scientific evidence. Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in increasing breast milk production among postpartum mothers. Methods: A literature review with a narrative review approach was conducted using articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Garuda databases published between 2021 and 2025. Keywords included oxytocin massage, breast milk production, and postpartum mothers. Inclusion criteria were original research articles involving postpartum mothers receiving oxytocin massage interventions with full-text access. Article selection followed the PRISMA flow, resulting in 12 eligible studies analyzed narratively. Results: Most studies reported that oxytocin massage improves breast milk production and milk flow, indicated by increased milk volume, improved let-down reflex, higher breastfeeding frequency, and adequate infant intake. The effect is associated with parasympathetic stimulation that promotes oxytocin release and maternal relaxation. Conclusion: Oxytocin massage is a safe and practical complementary intervention to support breast milk production, although further studies with stronger experimental designs are needed.