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This study aims to (1) describe the marketing channels of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm under partnership and independent (self-managed) schemes in Merlung District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency; (2) analyze marketing margins, farmer’s share, and marketing efficiency for each scheme; and (3) compare differences in marketing margins and farmer’s share between single-level marketing channels in both business schemes. The research was conducted in 2025 using a survey method with simple random sampling techniques. The data used consisted of primary data obtained through direct interviews with farmers and marketing institutions, as well as secondary data from relevant agencies. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis, marketing margin analysis, farmer’s share, marketing efficiency analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results show that there are two types of marketing channel patterns, namely single-level and two-level channels. The single-level marketing channel has lower marketing margins, higher farmer’s share, and better marketing efficiency. In addition, there are significant differences between single-level marketing channels in both business schemes. These findings imply that shorter marketing channels are more efficient and provide a greater share of the selling price to smallholder oil palm farmers

This study examines the effective role played by corporate governance in promoting e-marketing strategies, through an applied study conducted on Al-Rasheed Bank - Palestine Street Branch. In light of the rapid developments in the digital field, organizations are increasingly relying on e-marketing tools to improve their performance, making it necessary to apply governance principles to ensure the highest levels of efficiency, transparency, and credibility. The study aims to illustrate how governance can contribute to improving the performance of e-marketing in financial institutions, With a focus on Al-Rasheed Bank as an applied model. The study seeks to achieve several objectives, including analyzing the impact of governance mechanisms on e-marketing strategies, and knowing the extent to which the application of governance is related to achieving institutional goals and improving marketing efficiency. It also aims to study how governance contributes to building a transparent and secure relationship between the organization and its customers, which enhances loyalty and expands the customer base. In addition, the study highlights the challenges that organizations may face in applying governance to e-marketing and proposes solutions to address them. The study showed that there is a strong relationship between corporate governance and e-marketing, as governance helps in defining the goals and vision of the organization, which ensures that e-marketing strategies are compatible with the general directions of the organization. Enhancing transparency and accountability also contributes to building customers' trust in the organization, which increases their positive interaction with its marketing strategies. Moreover, governance helps ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards, which enhances the organization's reputation in the market and reduces the legal risks it may face. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the relationship between governance and e-marketing, with a focus on data related to Al-Rasheed Bank - Palestine Street Branch. A simple random sample of 50 employees from different departments within the bank was selected. Statistical analysis was also used to measure the impact of governance on the efficiency of e-marketing within the organization. The results of the study showed that 84% of employees believe that corporate governance plays a key role in the success of digital marketing campaigns, reflecting a broad awareness of the importance of regulatory frameworks and corporate policies in guiding digital marketing operations. 73% of employees also confirmed that there are clear governance policies within the bank, which enhances confidence in the corporate system. With regard to customer trust, 79% of employees indicated that governance contributes to improving the level of trust in the electronic services provided by the bank, while 73% of them believe that governance positively affects the process of strategic decision-making in e-marketing. Also, 71% of employees reported that there is an effective system to monitor the performance of digital marketing campaigns, which helps to evaluate performance and improve strategies based on the results achieved. However, the study noted that there are some challenges facing the implementation of governance in the field of e-marketing. 33% of employees indicated that there is a lack of regular training programs on governance practices, which may negatively affect the effectiveness of their implementation. 38% of respondents also showed weakness in the mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of governance in improving e-marketing. In addition, 45% of employees indicated that there are gaps in communication between the governance department and the e-marketing department, which calls for improving channels Communication to ensure the integration of efforts between different departments. Based on these results, the study provided a set of recommendations aimed at improving the application of governance in e-marketing. Among these recommendations is the need to organize training workshops to familiarize employees with governance practices and their importance in improving marketing performance. The study also recommended the use of key performance indicators (KPIs) to conduct periodic evaluations and improve marketing strategies based on the results of these evaluations. In addition, the study stressed the importance of strengthening coordination between governance and e-marketing departments to ensure the integration of efforts and achieve Better results. It also recommended updating governance policies to keep pace with developments in the field of e-marketing, in order to contribute to supporting innovation and creativity in digital marketing strategies. In conclusion, the study confirmed that corporate governance plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of e-marketing, which contributes to enhancing customer confidence, achieving regulatory compliance, and increasing the effectiveness of marketing campaigns in financial institutions, especially in Rasheed Bank. She also stressed the importance of developing periodic training and evaluation strategies to ensure the optimal application of governance principles, in a way that enhances the performance of institutions in the changing digital environment.

The aim of this research is to find out marketing channels, marketing margins, as well as watermelon marketing efficiency. Respondents were taken using a simple random method and for marketing institution respondents using snowball sampling), where the data was initially small and then became large by following the marketing flow from farmer to final consumer, there were 40 farmers (respondents) and 4 traders (respondents). ).  Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive, the data collected is analyzed to determine the marketing channels, marketing magin and efficiency obtained by each marketing institution. The results of this research are 3 (three) marketing channels for watermelon, namely marketing channel I farmer - consumer, marketing channel II farmer - retailer - consumer, and marketing channel III farmer - collector - retailer - consumer. The largest total marketing margin is in marketing channel III with a margin of Rp. 4500 with marketing efficiency of 8.7%. Marketing channel I is the most efficient marketing channel because it does not involve institutions marketing.

The aim of this research is to identify the marketing channel pattern for spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and analyze the level of marketing efficiency of spring onions in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency. The research was carried out from April to June 2024, in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency. Determining the population was selected from farmers by census, namely all farmers who are trying to grow leeks in Duriaasi Village, Wonggeduku District, Konawe Regency and marketing institutions, namely the number of farmers is 14 people and 3 village collecting traders and 10 retail traders. The analysis used is marketing margin analysis  and marketing efficiency.Based on the research results, there are two types of marketing channels for green onions, namely producers to collectors to retailers to consumers who have marketing costs of IDR 1,700/Kg, marketing channel II namely from producers to   retailers to consumers which has marketing costs of IDR 1,000/ Kg and the marketing efficiency of green onions in marketing channel I reaches 82% and marketing channel II reaches 70 %. This means that the large percentage share of the price received by farmers and the low marketing costs incurred at leek marketing institutions in Duriaasi Village, Wongeduku District, Konawe Regency.

Indonesia's 2.5 million hectares of coral reefs include 569 species, or about 67% of the world's 845 coral species. One of the companies engaged in the export business of ornamental corals is PT Agung Aquatic Marine located in Bali province. This study aims to determine the costs, revenues and marketing margins of ornamental coral export business at PT Agung Aquatic Marine, Denpasar Bali. This research uses descriptive quantitative. Data analysis used is income analysis, marketing margin and marketing efficiency. The results showed that the costs incurred amounted to Rp2,472,069,157 so that the revenue earned was Rp822,355,543, There are two types of marketing margins used in the sale of ornamental coral euphyllia type, the first from fishermen to exporters and then to consumers which totaled Rp2,078,202, while the second from suppliers and then to exporters after that to consumers amounting to Rp2,017,637. The efficiency level of Marketing channel I is 13.1% and marketing channel II is 5.7%. So it can be seen that obtaining high margins and profits is Marketing channel I. While the one with the most efficient marketing is Marketing channel I. While the one with the most efficient marketing is Marketing Channel II.

  In marketing, watermelon will undergo a marketing process and experience changes in prices at the producer level and prices at the end consumer, resulting in differences in the price of watermelon between producers and consumers. This makes marketing a very important activity. The aim of this research is to determine marketing channels, margins and marketing efficiency. The population in this study was 140 watermelon farmers. The sample was determined using the Slovin method, so that the selected respondents were 34 watermelon farmers and the sample of trader respondents was 5 people, namely 2 village collectors, 1 wholesaler and 2 retailers. The analytical tools used are descriptive analysis, margin analysis and efficiency analysis. The research results show that there are 2 marketing channel patterns for watermelon in Waihatu Village, namely: marketing channel I farmer-retailer-final consumer, while marketing channel II farmer-village collector-wholesaler-retailer-final consumer. The highest total marketing margin is in marketing channel I, namely IDR 2,000/kg, while the lowest total margin is in marketing channel II, namely IDR 1,000/kg. In conclusion, both marketing channels are classified as efficient, marketing channel II with an efficiency value of 12.21 percent and marketing channel I with the smallest efficiency value, namely 3.34 percent.

The research analysis of Strawberry Fruit Marketing in the Lake Mas Harun Bastari area, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency aims to find out marketing channels, marketing margins, and to find out how efficient the Strawberry marketing is in the Danau Mas Harun Bastari tourism area. This research was conducted in June 2022 in the area of ​​Danau Mas Harun Bastari, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency with farmers and traders in the Mas Harun Bastari Lake area. The data analysis used in this research is Marketing Channel Analysis, Marketing Margin Analysis, and Marketing Efficiency Analysis. This data analysis was used for Farmers and the 11 Retailers Respondents in the Danau Mas Harun Bastari District, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency. Based on this research, it is known that the Strawberry Marketing Channel in Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency has one Marketing Channel. Where farmers (producers) sell directly to retailers, then retailers sell to consumers at a price of Rp. 60,000 with a 0.5 kg mica box at a price of Rp. 35,000 and 0.25 kg at a price of Rp. 25,000 where the cost of Rp. 60,000/Kg will get profit of IDR 30,000/kg. This value explains that the retailer receives a higher price than the price received by the consumer, which means that the retailer is not disadvantaged in the marketing channel because the profits obtained by the retailer are greater than the marketing institutions in the marketing channel. The costs incurred by Retailers are in the form of transportation costs, packaging costs, equipment depreciation costs. because the strawberries are well sorted to suit the wishes of consumers. The advantage of marketing institutions is in the form of remuneration received by each marketing agency that participates in marketing strawberries starting from the Farmer level to the Consumer level.