Publication Search

Ballast water plays a crucial role in maintaining ship stability during shipping, but it also carries environmental and human health risks due to the heavy metals it carries. This study aims to examine the health risks posed by exposure to heavy metals in ballast water and to assess the effectiveness of management practices implemented in the maritime industry. Using a literature review method, this study examines various scientific sources related to the content of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in ballast water, as well as their impacts on human health and marine ecosystems. The results indicate that heavy metals in ballast water can cause long-term toxic effects such as neurological disorders, kidney damage, and respiratory and reproductive disorders. The greatest risk is experienced by maritime workers who are directly exposed through inhalation or skin contact during the ballast water sampling and processing process. To minimize these risks, strict work safety protocols, improved ballast water treatment technology, and regular monitoring of heavy metal levels are required. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening ballast water management policies and practices that are oriented towards human health and environmental sustainability.  

This research investigates climate change adaptation frameworks for Indonesian port infrastructure and workforce safety through integrated risk management approaches addressing physical facility resilience and human resource protection. Through qualitative analysis involving 37 stakeholders including port authorities, terminal operators, marine engineers, climate scientists, occupational health specialists, and port workers, this study examines how climate threats including sea level rise, extreme weather, flooding, and heat stress affect both port operations and worker safety requiring coordinated adaptation strategies. Results demonstrate that integrated frameworks can reduce climate-related operational disruptions by 50-70%, decrease worker heat illness by 60-80%, improve emergency response effectiveness by 55-75%, and enhance infrastructure resilience by 45-65% when combining physical hardening with workforce protection measures. Key challenges include immediate infrastructure damage (ports already experiencing 3-8 annual flooding shutdowns), worker heat illness epidemic (150+ cases in 2023 with 300% increase), investment decision urgency ($15-25 billion infrastructure commitments 2024-2030), and organizational coordination across fragmented stakeholders. Findings reveal that successful climate adaptation requires holistic sociotechnical approaches treating ports as integrated human-infrastructure systems where worker safety and facility resilience prove inseparable, supporting Indonesia's maritime economic security and coastal community welfare through comprehensive climate risk management.

This research investigates integration models combining navigation and port information systems through blockchain technology to enhance ship operational reliability, addressing critical challenges in data integrity, information sharing, and system coordination affecting maritime operations. Current maritime information systems operate in silos with limited interoperability, creating information asymmetries, coordination inefficiencies, and data integrity concerns that compromise operational decision-making and safety management. Through qualitative analysis involving ship operators, port authorities, navigation system providers, blockchain specialists, and maritime regulators, this study examines how distributed ledger technology can enable secure, transparent, and tamper-proof information integration across navigation and port systems. Results demonstrate that blockchain-based integration can improve data integrity assurance by 70-90%, reduce coordination time by 40-60%, enhance operational transparency by 55-75%, and decrease documentation errors by 50-70% through immutable records, smart contracts, and decentralized consensus mechanisms. Key implementation challenges include technical complexity, computational requirements, regulatory uncertainty, organizational adoption resistance, and scalability limitations. Findings reveal that blockchain represents transformative enabling technology for maritime digital ecosystems requiring trusted information exchange among multiple stakeholders without centralized intermediaries. This research contributes to maritime information systems literature by providing practical frameworks for blockchain implementation supporting operational reliability enhancement.

The coal loading and unloading process is a crucial stage in maritime operational activities that requires effective coordination among vessel crews, stevedoring companies (PBM), and supporting service providers such as tugboats and cargo handling equipment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of coal loading and unloading operations using the ship-to-ship (STS) method on TB. ESA III by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu. The research employed field observation and library research methods to obtain relevant and accurate data. The results indicate that the ship-to-ship coal handling operation conducted by PBM PT. Adi Guna Putera Pangkalan Susu improves loading and unloading time efficiency, minimizes the risk of distribution delays, and enhances communication and coordination among involved parties. However, several technical challenges were identified, including adverse weather conditions, equipment limitations, and inadequate crew understanding of STS procedures. These constraints require mitigation through improved training programs, regular equipment maintenance, and strengthened occupational safety measures. Overall, the ship-to-ship coal handling method provides a positive contribution to the effectiveness of energy distribution, provided that it is supported by competent human resources and adequate operational facilities.

This study aims to analyze the influence of maritime competence, maritime safety management, and maritime regulations on maritime safety in Indonesia. The approach used in this literature review is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include literature studies or reviews of relevant previous articles published between 2021 and 2026. The technique used in this literature review is Comparative Analysis. The data used in this descriptive qualitative approach comes from previous research relevant to this study and is sourced from academic online media such as Thomson Reuters Journal, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Q2-Q4 Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta Journal 2-5, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books. The results of the study indicate that: 1) Maritime competence influences maritime safety in Indonesia; 2) Maritime safety management influences maritime safety in Indonesia; and 3) Maritime regulations influence maritime safety in Indonesia. The study concludes that a combined approach to enhancing maritime competence, management practices, and regulatory frameworks is critical in improving maritime safety in the region.

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of network disruptions within the Ministry of Transportation's online system on the crew signing process (sign-on/sign-off) conducted by PT. Menara Suar Maritim, Tanjung Balai Karimun Branch. The online system is a vital instrument that supports the administrative efficiency of crew signing, serving as legal evidence and fulfillment of employment requirements on board in accordance with shipping regulations in Indonesia. In practice, this system acts as a link between shipping companies, government agencies, and the crew; thus, network stability is a decisive factor for the success of the process. However, frequent network disruptions lead to service delays, accumulation of physical files, and hindered ship departure schedules, which impact company operations. The method used is field research through direct observation, interviews with relevant parties, and library research by reviewing relevant regulations and literature to strengthen the analysis. This research is expected to serve as a reference for shipping companies and related agencies in improving the effectiveness of crew signing services to support smooth operational processes while ensuring maritime safety. The results indicate that network disruptions directly affect the document verification stage, as well as the data input process for the issuance of signing certificates.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has opened significant opportunities to support maritime monitoring systems, particularly in detecting anomalies in ship movements that may indicate illegal or abnormal activities. However, the understanding and utilization of this technology among the general public and maritime stakeholders remain limited. This Community Service Program aims to conduct socialization and dissemination of knowledge on AI-based ship anomaly detection through the development and utilization of an interactive and informative web-based socialization platform. This activity is the result of collaboration between a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Communication and Informatics Technology (FTKI) and the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The implementation methods include the design of web-based educational content, presentation of fundamental AI concepts and ship anomaly detection, as well as visual simulations of ship movement data analysis results. The web-based socialization platform serves as an educational medium to enhance users’ understanding of the benefits, working mechanisms, and potential applications of AI technology in maritime surveillance. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of ship anomaly detection concepts and the role of artificial intelligence in supporting maritime security and safety. This PKM activity is expected to promote technological literacy, strengthen synergy between academia and research institutions, and serve as a model for practical and sustainable web-based technology socialization

In Indonesia, maritime safety remains a problem. Ship captains and ship owners often disregard maritime safety standards, particularly for fishing vessels. Provisions for criminal liability for domestic fishing vessels that fail to meet maritime safety standards are an important legal instrument for regulating and enforcing maritime safety regulations in the fisheries sector. Failure of vessels to comply with safety requirements, such as the completeness of safety equipment, engine condition, and vessel structure, can potentially lead to accidents that endanger the lives of crew members and negatively impact the marine environment. This study uses a normative research method with a legislative approach. This article focuses on examining aspects of criminal liability, including the subjects, objects, and legal sanctions imposed for violations of maritime safety standards. The results indicate that perpetrators of violations can be subject to criminal sanctions in the form of fines, detention, and even revocation of vessel operating permits, taking into account human rights and environmental protection. Effective and synergistic law enforcement between relevant authorities is essential to provide a deterrent effect, encourage compliance with safety standards, and improve the system for the sustainability of marine resources.

This research investigates the development of IT-based Automatic Identification System (AIS) data surveillance models supporting maritime safety through integration of advanced information technology, maritime engineering principles, and human factors optimization. AIS technology generates vast real-time vessel movement data creating unprecedented opportunities for safety enhancement through systematic surveillance, collision risk detection, traffic pattern analysis, and incident prevention, yet effectiveness depends critically on intelligent data processing algorithms, reliable IT infrastructure, and competent personnel capable of interpreting surveillance outputs and taking appropriate actions. Through qualitative analysis involving maritime safety authorities, vessel traffic service (VTS) operators, port authorities, marine engineers, IT specialists, data scientists, and maritime training institutions, this study examines how IT-based surveillance models incorporating pattern recognition, anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and crew-centered interfaces can transform maritime safety management from reactive incident response toward proactive risk prevention. Results demonstrate that intelligent AIS surveillance can identify 75-90% of high-risk situations 15-45 minutes before critical events, reduce collision risks by 60-80%, improve traffic management efficiency by 35-55%, and enhance crew situational awareness by 45-65% when integrated with appropriate training programs developing personnel competencies in data interpretation, system operation, and coordinated response. Key implementation challenges include data quality and completeness issues, computational infrastructure requirements, algorithm development complexity, personnel competency gaps requiring substantial training investments, organizational coordination barriers, and privacy/security concerns. Findings reveal that successful AIS surveillance implementation requires holistic sociotechnical approaches integrating IT systems engineering, maritime domain expertise, and human capability development through coordinated design, deployment, and training strategies. This research contributes to maritime safety literature by providing integrated frameworks for IT-based surveillance systems incorporating technical capabilities, operational requirements, and human factors supporting evidence-based safety management.