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Container loading and unloading procedures are a series of essential operational activities carried out to systematically, safely, and efficiently move containers from ships to the stacking yard or vice versa. This study aims to examine these procedures, analyze the effectiveness of their implementation, and identify the obstacles and corrective efforts encountered in the field. The methods used include field observation (field research) and literature review (library research). The results indicate that the procedural stages involve document preparation (Bill of Lading and Manifest), ship berthing, the utilization of various loading and unloading equipment (such as Gantry Crane, RTG, and Headtruck), and container arrangement within the Container Yard (CY). The process involves three main work stages: Stevedoring, Cargodoring, and Receiving/Delivery, which require close coordination among port operators, foremen, and Stevedoring Workers (TKBM). Implementation can be hindered by crane breakdowns, headtruck limitations, traffic congestion, and slow stevedoring performance. Effective solutions suggested include routine equipment maintenance, increasing HT fleet capacity, enhancing human resource competency through training, and coordinating traffic routes with relevant authorities. Optimal procedure execution is crucial for ensuring smooth logistics flow, time efficiency, and occupational safety.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the loading and unloading equipment in coal mining activities at the Mahakam Pit, PT Insani Bara Perkasa Site Km 11, East Kalimantan. The research was motivated by the importance of achieving mechanical equipment performance standards according to the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1827 of 2018. Data were obtained through direct observation and analysis of actual working time and evaluation of operational constraint factors. The results of the analysis showed that before the evaluation, the mechanical availability (MA) value was 87.24%, physical availability (PA) 88.51%, availability utilization (UA) 88.73%, and effective utilization (EU) 78.54%. After evaluating the constraint time, there was an increase in all parameters: MA to 88.71%, PA to 89%, UA increased to 90%, and EU reached 80%. This evaluation also had an impact on increasing the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment from 268.41 bcm/hour to 284.43 bcm/hour. Thus, the evaluation of work obstacles is proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the digging-loading equipment at the research location.

been resolved in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the influence of Port Services, Loading and Unloading Performance, Loading and Unloading Equipment and Natural Factors on Idle Time at the Koja Container Terminal, Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. The population in this study were operational employees and ship crew from the deck department division. The sample used in this research was 80 respondents. And using a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique, then the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of (software) Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) Version 25. Based on the research results and data analysis, the regression equation was produced: Y= -1.176+ 0.334X1+ 0.181X2 + 0.318X3 + 0.302X4+ . From the equation it is known that the dominant variable influencing Idle Time is the Port Services variable with a regression coefficient of 0.334. The R2 (R square) test obtained a result of (67%), which means that Idle Time at the Koja Container Terminal, Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta, is influenced by the variables Port Service, Loading and Unloading Performance, Loading and Unloading Equipment and Natural Factors, namely 67%. The conclusion  is  that the independent  variables  (port  services,  loading  and unloading performance, loading and unloading equipment, and natural factors) have a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable Idle Time. This is because the results of the multiple linear regression equation show that t count > t table.

Based on Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources data, regarding the target achievement of mechanical equipment performance in mining companies, PT Bumi Nikel Nusantara has a level of achievement value of equipment performance less than the value set in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No.1827/2018. A mechanical equipment performance value can be achieved by examining ongoing mining activities on one mining front that includes loading and transportation activities. One of the efforts is to know the productive time, calculate the obstacle time and repair time of the equipment in case of damage. The results of the performance for the Use of Availability (UA) parameter of the EHJ Block Mawar pit loading equipment is 74% (not achieved), 71% Pit Mawar transport equipment, pit 3 loading excavation equipment 75% (achieved), and Pit 3 transport equipment 71% (not achieved). While the results of the study of the achievement of productivity of the loading and unloading equipment show the achievement with a value for loading equipment of 76,71% (not achieved) and transport equipment of 65,63% (not achieved). 

PT. Pebana Adi Sarana targets monthly production operations of 20,000 tons/month while actual production is only around 15,000 tons/month, which means that the production target has not been achieved. The factors that cause the failure to achieve the production operation target can be due to ineffective equipment performance, Low equipment performance is one of the things that cause production not to be achieved, so it needs to be studied. The purpose of the study to be achieved is to analyze the actual productivity of loading and unloading equipment and transportation equipment after repairs and conduct improvement analysis using the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method. The data taken for the research is in the form of Excavator and dump truck cycle time data, effective working time, tool specifications. The actual productivity of loading and unloading equipment and transportation equipment at PT. Pebana Adi Sarana for dump trucks of 19,146 tons/month. trucks are 16,351 tons/month while for the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method. The company only needs to carry out the number of tools needed for 3 units of Scania p380 dump trucks and 1 unit of komatsu PC 300 excavator with a production of 21,295 tons/month has exceeded the production target set by the company.

The flow of containers through Tanjung Emas Port is increasing, this can be seen from the growth of loading and unloading containers from year to year. The condition of the flow of containers is inseparable from the improvement of services at the Container Terminal of Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang through the provision of supporting facilities and infrastructure. With the growth of the container flow which is quite high, the condition of existing facilities, infrastructure and operating systems needs to be reviewed whether the operation is optimal or its performance is still possible to improve, or it is time to add infrastructure and facilities to anticipate future transportation demand. will come. Smooth loading and unloading aims to improve good service in the activities and services of the loading and unloading process of containers according to operational standards. There are several factors that cause the smooth loading and unloading of containers, such as those related to the condition of loading and unloading equipment, the performance of human resources, operations and the environment. In this study, four research variables will be analyzed, namely loading and unloading equipment, human resources, operations and anticipation of natural factors as independent variables and loading and unloading smoothness as the dependent variable. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the positive influence both individually between the independent variables of loading and unloading equipment, human resources, operations, anticipation of natural factors on the dependent variable, namely the smoothness of loading and unloading. In this study, the object taken is the user of loading and unloading services at Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang. Sources of data include primary data and secondary data. The sample in this study was 100 respondents. The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression technique. Based on the results of research and multiple analysis, the following equations are generated:   Y= -0,504 + 0,264.X1 + 0,203.X2 + 0,323.X3 + 0,249.X4 + µ   From the results of the multiple regression study, it shows that the most dominant variable affecting the smooth loading and unloading is the operational variable with a regression coefficient of 0.323. . With the Adjusted R 2 test, a result of 0.644 or 64.4% was obtained. Simultaneously, the variables of loading and unloading equipment, human resources, operations and natural conditions factors had an effect of 64.4% on the smooth loading and unloading and 35.6% were influenced by research variables that were not detected in this study.