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This study aims to develop an English learning module based on the role play approach to improve the speaking skills of Grade X students at SMA Negeri 21 Medan. The study is motivated by students’ low speaking ability due to limited communication practice and the use of conventional teaching methods. This research employs a qualitative approach focusing on needs analysis and initial product development. The research subjects include English teachers and Grade X students who participated in the needs analysis questionnaire. The findings indicate that students require interactive, communicative, and contextual learning and show strong interest in role play activities. Based on these findings, a role play-based module was designed to support speaking practice. However, this study is limited to the design and development stage and has not yet conducted expert validation or field testing. Therefore, further research is recommended to evaluate the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed module.

Many senior high school students face significant difficulties in generating ideas, organizing thoughts, and selecting appropriate vocabulary when writing descriptive texts. Traditional teaching methods often limit creativity, making the integration of visual media crucial. Therefore, this study aims to develop creative poster-based learning module for teaching descriptive writing. A Research and Development (R&D) design was employed, adapting the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. However, due to time constraints, this research is strictly limited to the Analysis (Needs Analysis) and the initial Development (Prototype Development) stages. The participants for the needs analysis consisted of 22 senior high school students in Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online needs analysis questionnaire. The findings indicate a strong student preference for visual support, which informed the design and creation of a poster-based learning module prototype intended to help students visualize concepts. The implications suggest that while the prototype aligns with student needs, further research is required to validate and test the product.

Education plays a crucial and essential role in improving the quality of human resource globally, thus a research was conducted with the aim of producing a product, namely a learning module. This module is one of the learning resources that can be used by students independently. Therefore, the module was developed to function as a learniing guide for students. The lerning model used in this research is Creative Problem Solving. In this learning model, the teacher presents problems so that students can find answers innovatively and sharpen  their critical thinking skills. The suitability of this learning module will be evaluated based on three aspect, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Based on the research sample data, this consists of students from class XI Electrical Power Installation Techniques (TITL) 1 at SMKN 1 Driyorejo. This method uses the Research & Development (R&D) approach. The analysis of differences in learning outcomes was carried out using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Method, the treatment in the form of a learning module based on the Creative Problem Solving model was given to student. The research result show that (1) the modules suitability is stated as very valid wth a score of 89,60, (2) aspect, it is stataed as very practical with a total average reaching 90,60, (3) effectiveness is proven from the improvement in learning outcomes in terms of knowledge and domains with an average pretest score of 51,3, while the average posttest score is 85 with a significance of 0.000.

This study presents ReflectAI, a web-based system designed to automate the creation of teaching materials tailored to students' learning styles using behavior data from a Learning Management System (LMS). Student digital activity data—such as logins, material access, forum participation, assignment submission, and quiz results—are extracted and processed using a Hierarchical Clustering algorithm to categorize students into three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Based on the clustering results, the system automatically generates personalized learning modules using generative AI (ChatGPT API), aligned with each student's learning preferences. Employing a data-driven system development approach, the system was tested with data from 230 students in a mathematics course. The results show diverse learning style distributions and relevant, tailored content generation. ReflectAI is designed to reduce teachers’ administrative workload and enhance personalized and adaptive learning. This system contributes to educational transformation through deep, data-driven technology integration.

This research presents the development of the Rembulan E Learning platform using Moodle as the primary Learning Management System for SMK Negeri 1 Pandeglang.The main objective is to provide a structured, accessible, and interactive digital learning environment that effectively supports teaching and learning activities, enhances student engagement, and facilitates teacher management of course materials. The study applies the Waterfall development model, which includes five stages requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and deployment. Data collection methods involve observation of classroom practices, in depth interviews with teachers to identify pedagogical and technological needs, and comprehensive documentation review to ensure alignment with curriculum standards and user expectations. The resulting system integrates features such as digital classrooms, learning modules, assignments, discussion forums, quizzes, and student performance monitoring, offering a comprehensive digital learning experience. System testing was conducted using Black‑box Testing, complemented by limited user trials with teachers and students, which confirmed that the platform is functional, user friendly, and capable of supporting a variety of learning activities. This research contributes to the implementation of Moodle based LMS development in vocational schools, providing practical guidance for improving digital learning quality, promoting blended learning approaches, and facilitating sustainable adoption of educational technology in secondary education.