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This systematic literature review examines research trends in problem-based learning (PBL) within blended learning contexts by analyzing 64 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus database published between2020-2024. Using PRISMA methodology, this study identifies key patterns including the dominance of medical education contexts (71.9%), the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pedagogical innovations, and the prevalence of experimental research designs (34.4%). Findings reveal that blended learning emerged as the most researched approach (61%), followed by online/distance learning (23%) and flipped classroom models (11%). The analysis indicates increasing publication trends in 2022 and 2024, with Education Sciences and BMC Medical Education as leading publication venues. This review highlights research gaps in engineering and technology education contexts, limited exploration of long-term learning outcomes, and insufficient mixed-methods studies. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers in designing effective learning strategies that integrate problem-based and blended learning approaches in diverse educational settings.

The low effectiveness of student organizational performance in designing and managing structured work programs presents a major challenge to strengthening the leadership culture at MTsN 1 Probolinggo. This community service program aims to enhance students’ managerial and leadership capacities through performance mentoring for the Intra-Madrasah Student Organization (OSIM), based on innovations in learning management. The methods employed include training sessions, workshops, and continuous mentoring, all designed collaboratively with school stakeholders. The activity stages began with a needs analysis and problem mapping, followed by the development of training modules, the implementation of organizational management training, and interactive workshops aimed at developing adaptive and applicable work programs. The proposed solutions encompass strengthening foundational understanding of organizational management, enhancing the role of members in program planning, and facilitating the implementation of OSIM activities that support the creation of an active learning environment. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests to measure comprehension improvement, field activity observations, and assessments of work program achievement. The results indicate significant improvements in participants’ cognitive and practical skills, particularly in the planning, execution, and evaluation of OSIM programs that are now more structured and goal-oriented. In conclusion, this community service activity successfully reinforced student leadership competencies through an innovative approach to managing student organizations, while also promoting the development of a sustainable culture of collaborative work. Based on the outcomes, it is recommended that this mentoring model be replicated in other madrasahs and that OSIM leadership development programs be systematically integrated into extracurricular curricula to ensure the continuity and expansion of the positive impacts achieved

The problem in this research is the lack of variation in learning carried out by teachers in the classroom, due to the inappropriate selection of learning models, so that learning is less than optimal. The aim is to evaluate how effective the Discovery Learning learning model is in increasing student understanding compared to conventional learning methods. The method used is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design, namely Nonequivalent Control Group Design. In this study, there were two groups: an experimental group that was taught using Discovery Learning and a control group that was not given this treatment. The population of this study were all 5th grade students at MIN 1 Soppeng. The research hypothesis analyzed using the T test is the statement that the Discovery Learning learning model influences student learning outcomes. The sample in this study was determined by a saturated population, namely 5th grade students consisting of 45 people. The data collection techniques used in this research were multiple choice tests and observation sheets, with pre-tests and post-tests to measure students' cognitive learning outcomes. The instruments used in this research were tests and non-tests. The average pretest score in the experimental class and control class was almost the same, 71.78 and 71 respectively, but in the posttest, the experimental class increased to 88.65, while the control class only reached 77.55. Thus, the experimental class experienced a more significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the control class, indicating that the intervention or treatment applied in the experimental class was more effective in improving student learning outcomes. Hypothesis testing based on t-test analysis shows significant differences between the two groups, where the calculated t value (11.22771) is greater than the t table (2.016692), so the null hypothesis (H_0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H_1) is accepted. These findings show that the Discovery Learning learning model has a greater positive impact on improving student learning outcomes compared to conventional methods, so it can be concluded that this method is effectively used in science learning at MIN 1 Soppeng.

This research is classroom action research, this research was conducted in class X6 of SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar. Based on the researcher's initial observations at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar, several problems were found that affected student learning outcomes, especially physical fitness material. As an alternative to solving existing problems, researchers provide a solution in the form of putting into practice a cooperative learning model of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type with the aim of improving the physical fitness results of class X6 students. This investigation is classroom action research, this investigation was carried out in class X6 of SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar. A population of 45 people was used, and the entirety was used as a sample. The cycle in this research was carried out until it reached completion in accordance with the KKTP that had been determined at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar, namely 75. After implementing the STAD type cooperative learning model, the average final score of students increased beyond the KKTP that had been determined.  It can be concluded that the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model can improve physical fitness learning outcomes in class X6 students at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar.

This research aims to discuss the influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on the Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students at Wederok State Middle School.  The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research. The results of this research are that an average of 51 students is converted into 4 categories, so the average score of learning outcomes for Wederok State Middle School students after learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is generally in the not good category. Based on the results of research conducted in cycle I and cycle II with the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model, learning outcomes have increased. This can be seen from the increase in the average student score during the research, namely 51 in cycle I and 85 in cycle II.

This article discusses the application of the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model to improve learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. The PTK method is an effective approach in identifying learning problems, formulating solutions, and testing their effectiveness directly in the classroom. The PBL model, as a student-centered learning approach, has been proven effective in improving student learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. In the context of measurement, the application of the PBL model is expected to strengthen students' understanding of basic measurement concepts, such as units of measurement, measuring tools, and their application in the context of everyday life. PBL offers a student-centered learning approach, which not only helps students understand mathematical concepts, but also encourages active involvement, problem solving, and the development of critical thinking skills.

The main problem in this study is how to apply the Project Based Learning learning model to improve student learning outcomes for social studies learning in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Social Studies learning with the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This type of research is Class Action Research which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out as many as 3 (three ) meeting times. The research procedures included planning, carrying out actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this study were 25 students of grade V SD Inpres Bontomanai. The results showed that in the first cycle that was completed individually out of 25 students only 10 students or 40% fulfilled completeness. student learning outcomes on social studies learning. Classically it is not sufficient enough because the average value is 65. Whereas in cycle II where out of 25 students there are 19 students or 76% completeness of student learning outcomes on social studies learning and classically it has been fulfilled, namely the average value is 75.80 or is in the very good category. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes on social studies learning using the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai have increased.