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Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia affirms Indonesia as a state based on law, yet in practice Indonesia's legal system faces a structural problem of hyperregulation and overregulation, characterized by massive regulatory proliferation and regulatory disharmony without adequate corrective mechanisms. This condition is likewise reflected in Semarang Regency, which has 673 active legal products with Regional Head Regulations dominating at 77.3%, while Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2021 on the Formation of Regional Legal Products has not yet accommodated a legal analysis and evaluation mechanism. This study aims to explore the urgency of regional regulatory reform through legal analysis and evaluation mechanisms and to construct an implementation model in Semarang Regency. This study employs a prescriptive socio-legal research method with an interdisciplinary approach. The findings indicate that this condition reflects the dominance of primary rules without adequate institutionalization of secondary rules within H.L.A. Hart's perspective, while simultaneously representing a dysfunction in legal substance with cyclical impacts on legal structure and legal culture according to Lawrence M. Friedman. Therefore, a regulatory governance-based analysis and evaluation model is needed, integrating the regulatory cycle from ex ante to ex post with multistakeholder coordination and evaluation grounded in BPHN's 6-dimension framework

This study aims to systematically analyze the implementation of severance pay policy as a manifestation of post-employment compensation and its profound impact on the harmony of industrial relations within the regulatory framework of the Omnibus Law in Indonesia. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology aligned with the PRISMA framework, this research comprehensively synthesizes data from 25 selected academic articles encompassing human resource management, employment law, and organizational behavior. The findings reveal that the paradigm shift from the previous labor regulations to the Omnibus Law framework has fundamentally altered the calculation mechanisms and statutory floors for severance pay. While these legislative adjustments are strategically designed to enhance organizational agility and mitigate financial distress for corporations, they have engendered substantial apprehension among the workforce regarding the degradation of normative rights. Consequently, this policy transformation presents a critical challenge to sustaining industrial harmony, frequently precipitating labor disputes, diminishing employee morale, and intensifying bipartite conflicts. This study recommends that human resource practitioners proactively develop transparent communication strategies and design complementary post-employment benefit architectures to restore distributive justice. Furthermore, policymakers are urged to institute robust oversight mechanisms to ensure equitable implementation and safeguard worker welfare without compromising long-term business sustainability.

Changes in labor regulations through the Job Creation Law have brought significant changes to the employment system in Indonesia, particularly in terms of labor flexibility. This study aims to analyze labor flexibility after the implementation of the Job Creation Law from the perspective of Human Resource Management (HRM). The research method used is a qualitative approach through a literature study with thematic analysis of 16 scientific journals, books, and regulations related to labor flexibility and strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. The results show that labor flexibility has positive impacts on companies in improving operational efficiency, productivity, and adaptability to market changes. However, on the other hand, such flexibility also creates several challenges, including job uncertainty, decreased job security, and reduced protection for contract and outsourced workers. From the HRM perspective, companies are required to create a balance between business interests and labor protection in order to maintain harmonious industrial relations. This study is expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of labor flexibility as part of human resource management strategies in the post-labor deregulation era in Indonesia.

The development of stand-up comedy as part of the creative industry raises legal issues regarding the protection of materials that are often duplicated and distributed without authorization. This study examines the legal qualification of stand-up comedy material as a copyrighted work and the form and scope of copyright protection provided under Indonesian law. This research aims to analyze the legal status of stand-up comedy material and the protection granted to it. The method used is normative juridical research with statutory and comparative law approaches. The results show that stand-up comedy material fulfills the requirements of a protected work as it contains originality and has been expressed in a tangible form. It is classified as a literary work in the form of oral expression as well as a performing art under Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. The protection covers both moral rights and economic rights; however, its implementation remains weak, especially in the digital era where violations such as re-uploading and unauthorized recording are prevalent. In conclusion, stand-up comedy material has a strong legal basis for protection, but further efforts are needed in law enforcement and public awareness to ensure effective protection.

This study examines the implementation of religious freedom in Indonesia, focusing on the case of the sealing of the POUK Tesalonika House of Prayer in Teluknaga, Tangerang Regency, in April 2026. This incident reflects the tension between administrative regulations, specifically the Building Permit, and the constitutional right to freedom of religion as guaranteed in Article 28E and Article 29(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study employs a normative legal method with legislative,conceptual, and case-based approaches. The analysis reveals that the sealing action fails to meet the principle of proportionality in administrative law, and results in legal discrimination that contradicts the principle of equality before the law and the spirit of Pancasila. These findings affirm that the right to worship is a non-derogable right that cannot be diminished by technical permitting regulations. Therefore, the state must prioritize a facilitative and protective approach in regulating places of worship, to guarantee freedom of religion and uphold Indonesia’s integrity as a democratic and tolerant rule of law state.

This study aims to analyze normatively and juridically whether students in private schools are entitled to free basic education based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-XXII/2024. Prior to this decision, the phrase “without charging fees” in Article 34 paragraph (2) of Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System was often interpreted narrowly, applying only to public schools. This interpretation created discrimination in access to education for students in private schools, particularly those from low-income families. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statute approach and case approach. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 3/PUU-XXII/2024. Secondary legal materials consist of relevant scholarly literature, books, and journals. The analysis reveals that the Constitutional Court declared Article 34 paragraph (2) of the National Education System Law conditionally unconstitutional. The phrase must be interpreted to mean that the Central and Regional Governments are obliged to guarantee the implementation of compulsory basic education without charging fees, both for educational units organized by the government (public schools) and by the community (private schools). Consequently, students in private schools have the right to obtain free basic education as a constitutional right. Private schools are still permitted to charge fees from financially capable parents, but they are obligated to provide financial relief or full fee waivers for students from economically disadvantaged families. This decision has significant juridical implications for national education financing policy, particularly the need to revise derivative regulations and allocate School Operational Assistance (BOS) and Regional BOS funds to eligible private schools. This study complements previous research, which was largely empirical and regional in scope, by providing a comprehensive national normative juridical analysis.

Human rights are fundamental rights inherent to every individual from birth and are guaranteed under statutory laws and regulations. These rights are universal in nature, inherent to every person, and must be respected, protected, and fulfilled by the state as well as all elements of society. However, in practice, various conditions continue to trigger human rights violations committed by both individuals and state officials. This phenomenon indicates that the protection of human rights still faces numerous challenges in its implementation. This study aims to examine the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians, determine the extent to which the actions of law enforcement officers can be categorized as human rights violations, and analyze the mechanisms of oversight and accountability in handling cases of human rights violations. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians within the context of human rights protection. The findings reveal that power asymmetry is one of the main factors contributing to the abuse of authority by law enforcement officers. This condition subsequently increases the potential for human rights violations and underscores the importance of effective oversight and accountability in ensuring that law enforcement officers perform their duties and exercise their authority in accordance with applicable legal provisions.

The high level of international mobility has influenced the influx of foreign nationals into Indonesia, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara Province, which has significant potential as a tourist destination and occupies a strategic position as a border region. This condition has the potential to give rise to various immigration violations, one of which is Overstay, namely the presence of foreign nationals who remain in Indonesia beyond the period permitted by their stay permits. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of immigration supervisory functions in addressing Overstay violations at the Class I Immigration Office with Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) Kupang and to identify the factors affecting its effectiveness. This study employs an empirical juridical method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews with immigration officers, field observations, and document studies. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by relating statutory regulations to facts found in the field. The results indicate that the implementation of immigration supervision has been carried out in accordance with the applicable immigration laws and regulations, which include: (1) administrative supervision; (2) field operational supervision through intelligence operations, independent operations, cooperation with related agencies, and community participation; and (3) the imposition of sanctions on violators. However, the implementation of immigration supervision has not been fully effective, as Overstay violations are still found within the jurisdiction of the Class I Immigration Office with Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) Kupang. Factors influencing the effectiveness of immigration supervision include legal factors, law enforcement officers, facilities and infrastructure, and community culture.

This study discusses the rules of al-masyaqqah tajlibu at-taysir as one of the rules of asasiyyah fiqhiyyah which has an important role in the formation and application of Islamic law. This rule emphasizes that the difficulties (masyaqqah) experienced by the mukallaf can be the reason for the provision of convenience (taysir) in the implementation of sharia law. This research aims to explain the concept of masyaqqah, the legal basis of the rules, the forms of rukhsah given by the sharia, and the limitations and exceptions of its application. The research method uses literature studies by analyzing fiqh literature, ushul fiqh, and relevant Islamic law sources. The results of the study show that the masyaqqah that can be the basis for legal leniency is not ordinary difficulties in worship and muamalah, but difficulties that exceed normal limits and have the potential to cause harm. The basis of this rule is found in the Qur'an and Hadith, which affirm that Allah desires ease and does not desire difficulties for His servants. In its application, masyaqqah is classified into three levels: light, medium, and severe, with different legal consequences. The forms of rukhsah include mandatory, sunnah, mubah, khilaf al-aula, and makruh according to the conditions. However, the application of this rule is not absolute because there are limits to remain in harmony with maqashid al-shari'ah. Thus, this rule is an important instrument in maintaining a balance between the demands of sharia and human capabilities.

Human trafficking is a crime that causes physical, psychological, social, and economic harm to victims, thereby requiring effective legal protection. This study aims to analyze the role of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) in the implementation of restitution for victims of human trafficking in Decision Number 45/Pid.Sus/2023 of the Bajawa District Court and to examine the obstacles encountered in its implementation. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a socio-legal approach. Data were obtained through interviews and library research, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results indicate that LPSK has carried out its role through legal assistance, physical and psychological protection, psychosocial rehabilitation, and the submission of restitution claims for victims. However, the implementation of restitution has not been fully effective due to several obstacles, including weak coordination among law enforcement agencies, limited restitution execution mechanisms, limited institutional resources, and low victim awareness regarding restitution rights. Therefore, stronger coordination, supervision, and restitution enforcement mechanisms are needed to ensure effective victim protection and victim-oriented recovery in cases of human trafficking.

This study explores the role of Islamic economic law in promoting sustainable development by establishing an integrated relationship between ethical values, legal frameworks, and public policy. Although sustainable development has emerged as a major global agenda, its implementation continues to face challenges due to the limitations of conventional economic and legal systems, which often prioritize efficiency and economic growth while overlooking ethical and social dimensions. Employing a qualitative research approach through content analysis, this study examines classical Islamic jurisprudence, contemporary scholarly literature, and relevant policy documents to analyze the alignment between Islamic economic principles and sustainability frameworks. The findings demonstrate that Islamic economic law provides a comprehensive and ethically oriented framework based on fundamental principles, including tawhid (unity), adl (justice), maslahah (public interest), and maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Islamic law). These principles are manifested through various institutional and legal instruments, such as zakat, waqf, and risk-sharing financial mechanisms, which contribute to social justice, economic inclusion, financial resilience, and environmental sustainability.

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) represents a significant transformation in India’s criminal justice system. Although environmental protection in India has traditionally been governed by specialized environmental statutes, the newly enacted criminal laws also contain provisions capable of addressing environmental crimes and ecological harm. This article examines the role of the BNS and BNSS in promoting environmental accountability and strengthening green justice within India’s legal framework. The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical legal research methodology based on statutory interpretation, constitutional analysis, and judicial precedents. The research finds that provisions relating to public nuisance, water pollution, atmospheric contamination, hazardous substances, and acts likely to spread disease collectively establish a broader criminal law framework for environmental protection. Judicial interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution, together with principles such as the polluter pays principle, precautionary principle, and sustainable development, has further strengthened environmental jurisprudence in India. The article argues that the BNS and BNSS contribute toward mainstreaming environmental protection within criminal law, but effective enforcement, institutional coordination, and stronger implementation mechanisms remain necessary for achieving sustainable environmental justice.

This study aims to analyze the discrepancy between regulations and social realities in fulfilling the right to education in Indonesia. Normatively, the state has established a strong legal framework to guarantee the right to education, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution and various educational policies. However, in practice, there remains a significant gap between policy and actual conditions in society. This research employs a qualitative approach using a juridical-normative method combined with an empirical (sociological) approach. Data were collected through library research from various sources, including laws and regulations, academic journals, and reports from official institutions. The findings indicate that the discrepancy is reflected in three main aspects: unequal distribution of educational facilities, disparities in the quality of education, and the existence of children who have not accessed education. These issues are influenced by factors such as limited infrastructure, unequal distribution of teachers, geographical challenges, and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fulfillment of the right to education in Indonesia has not been fully optimal due to ineffective and non-adaptive policy implementation. Hence, more comprehensive and contextual efforts are required to achieve an equitable, inclusive, and accessible education system for all.

The fast fashion industry has actually become the second largest contributor to textile waste in the world due to rapid production cycles, high consumer demand, and the use of synthetic materials that are difficult to biodegrade. This phenomenon causes serious environmental impacts such as water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, accumulation of solid waste, and microplastic pollution that threatens marine ecosystems. In Indonesia, although environmental regulations such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management exist, the implementation of fast fashion waste management still faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyze the implementation of waste management regulations in the fast fashion industry in Indonesia and to examine why the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanism is necessary as a legal instrument for textile waste management. The method used is normative juridical with an ecological approach, utilizing primary and secondary legal materials, as well as qualitative-descriptive and comparative analysis with France, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The findings reveal four main legal gaps: the absence of a definition for post-consumer textile waste, the lack of a binding take-back mechanism for producers, weak fiscal instruments supporting EPR, and the absence of ecodesign obligations. The implication of this study highlights the need for regulatory reconstruction that specifically addresses the responsibility of fast fashion producers throughout the product life cycle to achieve more effective and sustainable waste management.               

This study examines the role of inclusive curriculum reform in promoting educational equity within multicultural education systems. The research focuses on the interconnected roles of curriculum transformation, educational policy, and transformative leadership in fostering inclusive and socially just learning environments. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the study analyzed scholarly articles, policy documents, educational reports, and academic literature related to multicultural education, inclusive pedagogy, leadership, and equity-oriented policies. The findings reveal that inclusive curriculum reform serves as a fundamental strategy for recognizing cultural diversity, reducing discrimination, and enhancing equal participation among students from diverse backgrounds. Furthermore, effective educational policies and transformative leadership practices were identified as essential factors in supporting sustainable inclusive educational reform. However, the study also found that the implementation of inclusive curriculum reform continues to face significant challenges, including inadequate teacher preparation, limited institutional resources, policy inconsistency, technological inequality, and sociocultural resistance

This study examines the phenomenon of child marriage in Grobogan Regency by focusing on the relationship between child vulnerability and the effectiveness of child protection policies within a local context. Despite the revision of the legal minimum marriage age to 19 years through Law No. 16 of 2019, child marriage remains a persistent social issue. Data from the Religious Court of Purwodadi indicate that there were 562 cases in 2024, 463 cases in 2025, and 152 cases from January to April 2026, totaling 1,177 cases. This condition highlights a significant gap between policy formulation and its implementation at the local level. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the multidimensional vulnerability of children, particularly girls, which includes economic hardship, limited access to education, weak bargaining power within families, and strong socio-cultural pressures. The findings reveal that child marriage is not merely an individual choice but a structural outcome shaped by gender inequality and restricted capabilities. Furthermore, social norms and community influence play a crucial role in sustaining the practice, often overriding formal legal frameworks. Although various prevention efforts have been implemented through policy interventions, socialization programs, and institutional coordination, these efforts remain fragmented and insufficiently integrated. The study concludes that addressing child marriage requires a comprehensive and multisectoral approach that combines legal enforcement, economic empowerment, educational access, and transformation of social norms. Strengthening local governance capacity and community engagement is essential to ensure more effective and sustainable child protection policies.

This study examines the alignment of Regional Regulation of Grobogan Regency Number 3 of 2022 concerning the Environmental Protection and Management Plan (RPPLH) 2022–2052 with higher-level legislation, particularly Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, and Government Regulation Number 26 of 2025 on RPPLH from the perspective of Rechtszekerheid (Certitudo Juris). The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials include environmental legislation and the Grobogan RPPLH Regulation, while secondary materials consist of scholarly literature, academic journals, and official reports. The findings reveal that the Grobogan RPPLH Regulation is generally consistent with the fundamental principles of environmental protection established in national legislation. Nevertheless, several technical and operational inconsistencies remain, particularly regarding monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, environmental carrying and assimilative capacity arrangements, environmental information systems, substantive public participation, and legal consequences for non-compliance with RPPLH provisions. These shortcomings may create regulatory conflicts, legal uncertainty, and ineffective environmental governance. From the perspective of Rechtszekerheid, environmental policy implementation in Grobogan Regency has not fully satisfied the requirements of legal clarity, procedural certainty, consistency of enforcement, and public accountability. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is required through limited revision of the RPPLH Regulation, preparation of implementing regulations, institutional strengthening, integration of RPPLH into regional development planning, and establishment of an integrated environmental information system. These measures are necessary to ensure sustainable environmental governance and strengthen legal certainty in environmental protection and management.

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus often arise and without being realized have developed to cause acute and chronic complications that make it difficult for DM sufferers to maintain their condition and will affect the condition of DM sufferers that impact the quality of life of sufferers. Consuming too many carbohydrates causes insulin in the body to work extra, so that the insulin's ability to work in the body will be reduced, which can cause blood sugar to rise. Nutritional therapy can be done by replacing carbohydrate intake with tubers that are low in glucose levels, one of which is Ganyong and pharmacological therapy through herbal medicines, one of which is sentalo leaf tea which is easily obtained and inexpensive. The objectives of this community service activity are to improve the knowledge, skills and quality of service of partners in the implementation of family posyandu related to DM. The method used is empowering posyandu groups through educational activities and training. The results of this activity show an increase in knowledge and skills of partners before and after the community service activity was carried out. And an increase in visits to the posyandu after the implementation of PMT using ganyong flour as the raw material.

Indonesia, as a sovereign state, has the absolute right to regulate the deportation of foreigners within its territory. However, in modern law, state sovereignty is no longer absolute but relative, where its implementation must refer to universal international human rights norms. This study aims to analyze the reciprocal relationship between state sovereignty and human rights enforcement in the context of the deportation of foreigners in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that state sovereignty and human rights in deportation function to limit and test each other. Sovereignty provides exclusive rights for national security through the implementation of selective policy, while international human rights law exists as a barrier so that such coercive actions do not exceed humanitarian values. In conclusion, deportation actions in Indonesia must refer to human rights norms during the deportation process. Then the state also has the absolute right to enforce immigration law in the form of deportation so as to prevent a country from becoming a refuge for criminals or international fugitives who flee to and reside in Indonesia, or carry out their criminal activities within the country.   

D Dowry (mahar) is an obligation of a groom to his bride in Islamic marriage, symbolizing respect and responsibility. In the Buton community, mahar also develops as a customary tradition known as boka, which carries both symbolic and socio-cultural meanings. This study aims to analyze the concept of mahar according to the Shafi’i school of law and its implementation in Taduasa Village, South Buton Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques including interviews, documentation, and literature review. The findings show that mahar is viewed as a symbol of respect for women and is determined based on lineage and social status. According to the Shafi’i school, such practices are permissible as long as they are based on mutual agreement and do not burden the groom. However, excessively high dowry amounts in some cases may hinder marriage. This study concludes that the mahar tradition in Taduasa Village remains consistent with Shafi’i principles but should be adjusted to the Islamic values of ease and public welfare.