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Artikel ini membahas pemikiran filsafat politik dalam menghadapi krisis global dari dua perspektif utama: konservatif dan liberal. Dalam konteks krisis global yang mencakup perubahan iklim, ketidaksetaraan ekonomi, dan konflik geopolitik, pandangan filsafat politik menawarkan solusi yang beragam. Perspektif konservatif menekankan pada pentingnya stabilitas sosial, nilai tradisional, dan peran negara yang kuat dalam menjaga tatanan sosial. Sebaliknya, perspektif liberal menekankan pada kebebasan individu, hak asasi manusia, dan pentingnya kerjasama internasional untuk mengatasi tantangan global. Artikel ini mengkaji kedua perspektif tersebut, mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan kelemahannya, serta memberikan refleksi tentang bagaimana keduanya dapat memberikan wawasan dalam merespons tantangan politik kontemporer.

A MSMEs in Indonesia has recently contributed to national exports by 15,7%  compared with Thailand that has reached 29 %, so substantial revision are required to make sure that increasing contribution which ultimately will give positive impact toward the economy overall, because almost 90 % of human resource work in MSMEs sector with nature resource and other plentiful resources. The main problem that is commonly found by MSMEs is to optimize the available resources as well as fulfill the required standards that have established and required regulation in order to ensure the resulting product is accepted by the market and to comply with the regulation that has been established by the regulator. Indonesia as the second biggest country in the world has biodiversity certainly offers benefits that hard to imitate by other country in producing biopharmaceutical plants product, therefore it offers competitive potential in the global market, however market penetration by MSMEs biopharmaceutical plants sector commonly discontinued regarding with technical barriers to trade (TBT). This study is based on a case study that aims to analyze main challenges in fulfillment of international certification and to formulate adaptation strategy for MSMEs. By conducting through a descriptive qualitative method with case study approaches, the result of study indicates that high compliance costs,  registration procedural complexity from the source and destination country, as well as the inconsistency of raw material quality became the main barriers. The proposed strategy including group certification model, CPOTB standard harmonization, and the utilization of integrated government assistance schemes will provide real contribution in assisting MSMEs fulfilling global market requirements.

This study examines the effectiveness of public service management in Ponorogo Regency's transport sector, focusing on the performance gap between traffic asset conditions (signs, traffic lights) and formal maintenance policies. This gap indicates a non-proactive maintenance cycle, exacerbated by limited resources and low organisational responsiveness to public complaints. Employing a qualitative case study grounded in a synthesis of Edwards III's Policy Implementation Theory and the New Public Service (NPS) perspective, the core findings confirm that frontline officials' low proactive disposition mediates policy implementation failure. Instead of proactive responsiveness (anticipating minor damage), officials often exhibit passive responsiveness (acting only after major incidents or reports), leading to a critical breakdown in which administrative procedures are completed but the public outcome remains poor. The novelty of this research lies in proposing a Proactive and Participatory Governance Model. This model necessitates the institutionalisation of Public Involvement (Participation) to enhance transparency and shift asset performance evaluation from output-oriented to outcome-oriented. The study concludes that the optimal model for the Ponorogo Transportation Department is the synergy between agile asset management and NPS principles (proactive and participatory) to enhance public service effectiveness.

Electricity dependence is increasing as people have easier access to electronic devices. However, this ease of access is not always accompanied by adequate energy literacy. In its Community Service program, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta helped to educate the residents in RW06 Kalibaru, Jakarta, about the safe and efficient use of electricity. This community service program was conducted through participatory seminar with a qualitative approach for residents. The activity used informal visual presentations and discussions in an informal atmosphere. The outreach program demonstrated residents' high enthusiasm for the efficiency of electrical equipment usage such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and water pumps. Through the discussion session, residents realized that using air conditioners with too low a power consumption actually leads to higher energy consumption because the compressor runs continuously. Participants understood that investing in automation concepts, such as using water reservoirs, provides significant long-term electricity cost savings. This outreach successfully shifted residents' paradigm from just simply seeking low prices to selecting devices with optimal capacity according to their needs. This education program demonstrates the effectiveness of energy literacy in improving electricity consumption habits at the household level. Therefore, simple technical understanding can boost family economic financial advantages through sustainable effective energy consumptions.

Students with deaf disabilities often have difficulty understanding verbal instruction, but have significant advantages in visual and motor aspects. This service activity aims to apply multisensory methods through Suminagashi craft art training (cloth marbling) to improve students' fine motor skills and creativity at SLB B Yakut Purwokerto. The implementation method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a "see-learn-do" strategy involving 20 high school students. The learning process integrates visual stimulation through structured demonstrations and tactile stimulation through the exploration of material textures. The results of the activity showed that the multisensory approach was effective in bridging the barriers of deaf students with disabilities in communicating due to hearing limitations. Students demonstrate a high level of visual focus and are able to replicate marble motif making techniques with precision without relying on complex verbal explanations. The combination of cue instructions and direct touch experiences has been proven to minimize miscommunication and improve understanding of abstract concepts of the material. This activity recommends the use of visual-tactile strategies as an adaptive inclusive learning method to support the vocational independence of deaf people.          

The development of technology-based peer-to-peer financing services (LPBBTI) in Indonesia, including platforms like Shopee Paylater, has facilitated easier access to credit. However, this progress is accompanied by cybersecurity risks, such as unauthorized use and account breaches. This study aimed to (1) analyze the operation of LPBBTI under prevailing regulations, and (2) examine the legal liability of parties in cases of Shopee Paylater credit breaches.The study employed a normative legal approach with prescriptive characteristics, combining statutory, conceptual, and case-based analyses. Primary and secondary legal materials were obtained through literature review of Law No. 8 of 1999, POJK No. 10 of 2022, POJK No. 40 of 2024, and personal data protection regulations. The analysis was conducted descriptively and qualitatively. The findings indicate that, despite OJK regulations, Shopee Paylater’s electronic agreements still contain standard clauses that unilaterally shift all account security risks to users. This practice potentially violates Article 18(1)(a) of the Consumer Protection Law and is void under Article 18(3). Consequently, consumers remain liable for payments even if transactions are conducted illegally by third parties. In line with Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Law, service providers should assume liability, as system security is under their control.

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem among children in tropical regions with high environmental exposure. One potential but underexplored transmission route is toenails, which may serve as a mechanical medium for helminth egg contamination. This study aimed to analyze the association between personal hygiene and STH contamination on children’s toenails in Polimak 1, Jayapura City. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among school-aged children selected based on inclusion criteria. Personal hygiene data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including handwashing practices, footwear use, and nail care habits. STH contamination on toenails was examined microscopically, and statistical tests were applied to assess associations. The results showed that STH contamination on toenails was still present in a considerable proportion of children, with Ascaris lumbricoides eggs being the most frequently detected. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between personal hygiene and STH contamination on toenails (p < 0.05), including handwashing habits, footwear use, and nail care practices. This study concludes that personal hygiene plays a crucial role in STH contamination on children’s toenails, and toenails can be used as an indicator of environmental exposure. These findings highlight the importance of consistent personal hygiene practices in preventing helminth infections among children.

This study investigates how puzzle games affect the fine motor development of young children. This study uses a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design. The study involved 30 children aged between 4 and 6 years who were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received an intervention in the form of puzzle-playing activities for four weeks, with an interval of two to three times a week. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any special treatment for routine learning activities. To collect data, standardized fine motor skills test instruments were used. These included eye-hand coordination, finger movement control, precision, and the ability to assemble and copy shapes. A t-test was used to analyze the data to determine the difference in results between the two groups. The results of the study showed that the experimental group and the control group differed significantly. Compared to children who did not receive treatment, children who were involved in puzzle-playing activities showed greater improvement in all fine motor indicators. The results show that puzzle games can be used effectively as a learning tool to help the fine motor development of early childhood develop well.

This qualitative study examines the Public Service Performance Gap at the Ponorogo Regency Transportation Agency (Dishub) in managing high-risk traffic assets, which stems from the failure to synergise Normative Governance with operational Public Asset Management (MAP). Utilising Edwards III's Policy Implementation Model and GG/NPS principles, the core finding indicates that synergy failure is mediated by a Reactive Bureaucratic Disposition. While Dishub adheres procedurally, asset maintenance is largely reactive—performed only after damage or public complaint—not preventive. This non-responsive attitude limits accountability to reporting outputs disconnected from physical service outcomes, leading to low service quality. The proposed substantive solution is to activate Community Involvement (NPS) as a key moderator, which is currently weak, by integrating Functional Participation into the agile MAP cycle. The research recommends an e-governance system with KPIs, where transparently integrated citizen reports automatically trigger work orders, creating external public accountability pressure that forces the reactive bureaucracy to act proactively.

This study aims to analyze inventory control of catfish seeds at ABC Company by comparing the conventional inventory method represented by the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) approach and the Just In Time (JIT) system in order to improve cost efficiency. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with company management, and documentation of inventory and cost records for the 2024 operational period. The analysis method involved calculating optimal order quantities, ordering frequency, delivery frequency, and total inventory costs using EOQ and JIT formulas, followed by a comparative cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the conventional method resulted in a total inventory cost of Rp 75,050,000 per year with high ordering frequency. In contrast, the implementation of the JIT system reduced inventory costs to Rp 18,762,500 per year, achieving a cost efficiency of 72%. These findings indicate that the JIT system is more cost-efficient than the conventional method; however, its implementation requires careful consideration of supplier capacity, logistics readiness, and biological risks associated with live inventory. This study contributes empirical evidence on the applicability of JIT in the aquaculture sector, which has different characteristics from manufacturing industries.

The livestock sector in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential but is often threatened by outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), which cause significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the FMD control policies implemented by the Gowa Regency Government based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The study used a qualitative approach with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Livestock and Animal Health Division of the Gowa Regency Livestock and Plantation Service and supporting data from various literature. The findings show that the FMD control policy is effective in achieving zero cases, but efficiency is hampered by limited medical personnel (only two veterinarians) and operational budget dependence entirely on the Central Government. Vaccine adequacy is a pull sistem (demand-driven) and compensation distribution is carried out fairly. Community responsiveness increased after severe losses, and policy accuracy was considered most optimal in the implementation of biosecurity and sanitation while promoting vaccination. As a recommendation, the Gowa Government needs to recruit contract workers in the field of animal health, allocate funds for the procurement of operational vehicles and equipment to support laboratory facilities, and issue a Regent Regulation that strictly regulates the implementation of biosecurity and livestock housing patterns in high-risk areas.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in improving service quality at KPUD Tani Wilis, particularly in the supply and distribution of livestock feed. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations involving cooperative management, employees, and customers. Data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that TQM implementation has been relatively effective, reflected through three key components: customer value strategy, organizational systems, and continuous quality improvement. Services are perceived as responsive, polite, and informative, supported by adequate delivery facilities. The main challenge lies in occasional delays in feed delivery caused by weather conditions, which affect customer perceptions of reliability. Overall, TQM contributes positively to service quality, customer satisfaction, and operational effectiveness, although further improvements in risk management and service consistency are needed to achieve optimal quality.

A steel truss bridge is a structure constructed from a series of interconnected steel bars. The loads received by this structure are analyzed and transferred to the steel bars that make up the structure. Factors that need to be analyzed in bridge construction include the location and surrounding environmental conditions. After identifying the type of soil and bedrock beneath the surface, the materials used must meet strength or durability test standards before the bridge can be operated. The materials used must comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). In addition to the factors mentioned above, the bridge must undergo a feasibility evaluation. Among the various tests used to evaluate bridge strength, one is vibration testing. The vibration test method, when compared to the load test method, shows higher cost efficiency and does not cause damage to the structure.

The old bridge structure, are subjects that must be monitored in bridge maintenance. Bridge detection supervision is very necessary to determine structural deformation caused by normal operations or environmental impacts such as temperature, humidity and heavy vehicle loads. Monitoring the structure as a whole also needs to be carried out after extreme conditions occur, such as an earthquake. Research on structural dynamics analysis of steel frame bridge conditions to determine the behavior of the structure. Vibration data is read using a wireless sensor network or accelerometer. The vibration mode signal obtained is processed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis via MATLAB software, which will produce a graph of the relationship between the frequency domain and the time domain. Through this graph, the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure can be analyzed, with several variations in the condition of the bridge structure.

Beban gempa merupakan representasi dari beban statik ekuivalen yang diaplikasikan pada seluruh bagian struktur bangunan atau pada bagian tertentu, dengan tujuan menirukan efek gerakan tanah akibat aktivitas seismik. Di antara berbagai metode analisis, analisis time history dikenal sebagai teknik yang paling presisi dalam memprediksi respons struktur terhadap gempa. Namun, penerapan metode ini memerlukan proses perhitungan yang kompleks dan cukup menyita waktu. Untuk menyederhanakan proses tersebut, digunakan pendekatan analisis statik ekuivalen, yang terbukti cukup efektif, khususnya pada struktur bangunan yang bersifat simetris. Prosedur perhitungan dalam metode ini mencakup evaluasi gaya geser serta simpangan antar lantai, dengan studi kasus berupa gedung perkantoran yang berlokasi di Kota Semarang. Perangkat lunak SAP2000 dimanfaatkan sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan analisis tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, gaya geser dan simpangan antar lantai yang diperoleh telah sesuai dan memenuhi ketentuan yang ditetapkan dalam standar SNI 1726:2019 untuk bangunan gedung.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berat beton, kuat tekan dan nilai biaya pada beton campuran styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasar untuk mendapatkan beton ringan dengan cara membuat benda uji berbentuk silinder Ø15-30 cm dengan perbandingan volume 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam, 1 Pc : 1.5 Pasir: 2, 5 Styrofoam dan 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam serta beton normal dengan komposisi 1 Pc : 2 Pasir dan 3 Agregat kasar sebagai pembanding. Berat volume yang diperoleh untuk komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah 1323,64 kg/m3,komposisi 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam adalah 1274,61 kg/m3,dan komposisi 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam adalah 1112,46 kg/m3, dan beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil adalah 2366,33 kg/m3. Selisih berat beton styrofoam terhadap beton normal kurang lebih 47,73%. Kuat tekan karakteristik komposisi 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam 85,73 kg/cm2, 1 Pc: 1,25 Pasir: 2,75 Styrofoam 80,39 kg/cm2 sedangkan kuat tekan karakteristik untuk komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah 110,31 kg/cm2 (>100 kg/cm2) dan beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil adalah 155,29 kg/cm2. Berat volume beton  campuran styrofoam dan karakteristik kuat tekan menunjukkan bahwa styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasar hanya ditujukan untuk pekerjaan konstruksi ringan. Biaya pembuatan beton komposisi 1 Pc: 2 Pasir: 3 Styrofoam adalah Rp. 1.751.365, 1 Pc: 1,5 Pasir: 2,5 Styrofoam sebesar Rp. 1.555.587, dan komposisi 1 Pc : 1,25 Pasir : 2,75 Styrofoam sebesar Rp. 1,604,697, sedangkan untuk beton normal 1 Pc : 2 Pasir : 3 Kerikil hanya sebesar Rp. 631,293. Selisih perbandingan biaya beton campuran styrofoam lebih mahal kisaran 63,95% dari harga beton normal.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak penutupan perlintasan kereta api Alastuo terhadap peningkatan volume kendaraan dan intensitas kebisingan di kawasan Fly Over Bangetayu, Kota Semarang. Fenomena ini mencerminkan tantangan tata kelola lalu lintas urban akibat perubahan infrastruktur transportasi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, studi ini dilakukan melalui metode studi kasus di lokasi terdampak. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dokumentasi visual, serta pengukuran intensitas kebisingan menggunakan sound level meter pada sembilan titik waktu berbeda selama tiga hari pengamatan. Partisipan meliputi warga sekitar, pengguna jalan, dan petugas lalu lintas. Hasil analisis tematik menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara peningkatan volume kendaraan dan intensitas kebisingan, dengan nilai puncak kebisingan mencapai 93,6 dB pada sore hari. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perubahan rute akibat intervensi kebijakan infrastruktur dapat menyebabkan beban akustik yang signifikan di jalur alternatif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang relasi spasial antara kebijakan lalu lintas dan degradasi lingkungan akustik. Implikasi teoretis mengarah pada integrasi studi kebisingan dalam perencanaan transportasi berkelanjutan, sementara implikasi praktis mencakup kebutuhan akan pengaturan lalu lintas yang adaptif serta mitigasi kebisingan melalui vegetasi, jalur alternatif, dan edukasi berkendara. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan melibatkan pendekatan interdisipliner untuk mengevaluasi dampak kebisingan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat secara langsung.

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality (X1), electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) (X2), and consumer experience (X3) on purchasing decisions (Y) among consumers of Facebook Marketplace in Kediri. This research is a quantitative study processed using statistical methods. The data collection techniques used were primary and secondary data. The sampling technique employed was incidental sampling, with a total sample of 96 respondents. The research data were obtained through questionnaires, literature studies, and documentation. The analytical techniques used include validity testing, reliability testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination test. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis yielded the equation:Y = 5.686 + 0.191X1 + 0.242X2 + 0.425X3 + e. The t-test results showed that the service quality variable obtained a t-value of 2.215 with a significance level of 0.029, the e-WOM variable obtained a t-value of 2.072 with a significance level of 0.041, and the consumer experience variable obtained a t-value of 4.557 with a significance level of 0.000. The F-test results showed an F-value of 39.217 with a significance level of 0.000. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a partial effect of service quality on purchasing decisions, e-WOM on purchasing decisions, and consumer experience on purchasing decisions. Moreover, there is a simultaneous influence of service quality, e-WOM, and consumer experience on purchasing decisions.

This study aims to analyze the influence of product differentiation, social media promotion, and service quality on consumer purchase intention at Tea Break Sambi Kediri. The research employed an associative quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaires distributed to 88 respondents selected through an accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The results revealed that both partially and simultaneously, product differentiation, social media promotion, and service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Social media promotion is the most dominant variable influencing consumer buying interest, followed by service quality and product differentiation. These findings highlight the importance of creative digital promotion strategies and high service quality in enhancing consumer attraction and loyalty. This research provides practical implications for business owners in designing digital-based marketing strategies and academic contributions to the development of consumer behavior and marketing strategy literature within modern beverage SMEs.

This study analyzes the potential of the traditional performing art Cupak Gurantang in supporting cultural tourism in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia. Cupak Gurantang is a distinctive folk theater from Lombok that conveys moral and social values through the conflict between Cupak, a cunning character, and Gerantang, an honest one. Through this narrative, the performance functions not only as entertainment but also as a medium for moral education within the community. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review as data collection methods. Analysis is conducted through a SWOT method and a participatory approach to explore the cultural functions, preservation challenges, and development strategies. The findings indicate that Cupak Gurantang plays a significant role in preserving local cultural identity and strengthening moral values among society. However, several challenges persist, including limited regeneration of young performers, financial constraints, and the marginalization of traditional arts within a tourism sector that tends to prioritize natural attractions. The study recommends community empowerment, youth training, innovative performance presentations, and the use of digital promotion and integration into cultural tourism packages. With these strategies, Cupak Gurantang holds substantial potential to become a sustainable cultural tourism attraction in West Nusa Tenggara.