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Riani Senduk; Yudith Rondonuwu; Hartati Umar; Imaculata Lamonge; Michiko Londok +1 more

CiDEA Journal 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Online sales in Manado reflect the large number of Manadonese people who are interested in shopping online rather than going shopping in person to fulfill their needs and desires. The focus of the problem and aim of this research is to explain the role of social media as an online marketing communication tool in increasing sales of Pasar Bersehati. This research uses a qualitative approach which is a type of field research, by analyzing online buying and selling practices carried out by Bersehati Market Traders. Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. The results of this research show that the communication process carried out by market traders with one heart in marketing their products via Instagram social media is by implementing a communication strategy that includes communication components (source, message, media, recipient, effect and feedback), as well as applying the 4P (product) marketing principles. , price, place, promotion). In marketing communications, there are also supporting and inhibiting factors. The supporting factor is the various social media features which are very helpful in marketing. The inhibiting factor is the existence of other online business competitors who are increasingly interested. The effectiveness of marketing communications carried out by market traders with one heart has a big influence as seen by the increasing level of sales.

Filistea Anatasya David; Rahmat Hidayat Djalil; Suwandi L Luneto

Jurnal ilmu Kesehatan Umum 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Pre-hospital stroke is a service provided when and during the victim is first found, during the transportation process until the patient arrives at the hospital. Pre-hospital stroke treatment can be a determinant of the condition and subsequent treatment. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of pre-hospital education about stroke on community knowledge in carrying out pre-hospital stroke aid measures in Kombos Timur Subdistrict, Environment V, Manado City.This research is an experimental design research with a One Group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample was 15, the instrument used was a questionnaire, then the data collected was tested using the Mac-Nemar test.The research results showed that the largest gender in the study was male, with respondents (53.3%). The highest level of education was junior high school with 8 respondents (53.3%) with the highest age being adults 46-55 years as many as 7 respondents (46.7%) while the highest education was junior high school with 8 respondents (53.3%). The conclusion in this study is that there is an influence of pre-hospital education about stroke on public knowledge in carrying out pre-hospital stroke aid measures. The suggestions in this research are that it is hoped that this research will be used as a source of knowledge for patients regarding knowledge in carrying out pre-hospital stroke procedures, so that it can be applied by families at home so that this education will be more beneficial.

Sinta Yunita; Suwandi I. Luneto; Rahmat Hidayat Djalil

Jurnal ilmu Kesehatan Umum 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Choking is an emergency condition that must be treated quickly, i fit takes too long it will result in a lack of oxygen and result in death duet o blockage of the respiratory tract by foreign objects in the from of food, toys, etc. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of choking first aid education on community knowledge in the Tumumpa 1 subdistrict, Manado City. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental research method (one-group prepost test design). The sample in this study wa 12 respondents taken using purposive sampling, research instruments using SAP, Leaflets and Questionnaires. Next, the data that has been collected is processed using the SPSS version 24 computer program to be analyzed using the Mc nonparametric test. Nemar with a significance level (α) 0.05. The results of this research show that there is an influence of first aid choking education on the leve of public knowledge by obtaining a value of p = 0.016, which is 0.016 which is smaller than the value of a ≤ 0.05. This, it can be said that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected andi t can be concluded that Ha has an effect. Choking first aid education on community knowledge in Tumumpa 1 Subdistrict, Manado City The conclusion is this research is that there is an influence of first aid choking education on community knowledge in Tumumpa 1 Village, Manado City. I tis hoped that this suggestion will add insight and useful knowledge regarding fist aid for choking

Yuliana Sako; I Made Rantiasa; Bayu Dwisetyo

Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

The elderly is a process of the final stage of human life that will be lived by everyone. Cognitive function indicates the process of receiving, organizing and interpreting stimulus sensors to think and solve problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cognitive ability and the level of independence of Activity Of Daily Living (ADL) in the elderly in Singkil 1 sub-district 6 Manado city This research uses a correlational analytical method with the approach used is a time series, which is a type of data consisting of variables collected according to time sequence in a certain time span. The sample of this study amounted to 42 respondents using the Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection was taken using questionnaire sheets. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is then analyzed using the Chi-square statistical test with a significant level (α) of 0.05 The results showed that the most respondents' gender was women, namely 35 respondents with a percentage (83.3%), the most respondents did not attend school, namely 28 respondents with a percentage (66.7%), the most respondents' jobs as IRT were 35 respondents with a percentage (83.3%), and the results of statistical tests found a significant relationship between cognitive function and the level of independence of the elderly with p-value = 0.002

Vivi Sri Utami Gobel; Nelfa Fitria Takahepis; Merry H. Rimporok

Jurnal ilmu Kesehatan Umum 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

The lack of reproductive health knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation among young women, obtained from parents and schools, causes the knowledge and behavior of young women about personal hygiene during menstruation to be very lacking. One effort to increase knowledge of adolescent reproductive health is by providing health education using poster media. The aim is to determine the effect of poster media education on female students' knowledge of personal hygiene during menstruation at the Assalam Islamic boarding school, in Manado City. The method used in this research was pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The sample taken was 18 subjects using purposive sampling. Data collection uses questionnaire sheets and SAP (Extension Event Unit). The collected data was processed using test. Statistical tests use the McNemar Test with a significance level of ≤ 0.05. The research results obtained a value of p = 0.000 (α ≤ 0.05) so that Ha was accepted, meaning that there was an influence of poster media education on female  students' knowledge of personal hygiene during menstruation at the Assalam Islamic Boarding School, Manado City. The conclusion based on the research results is that there is an influence of poster media education on female students' knowledge of personal hygiene during menstruation at the Assalam Islamic Boarding School, Manado City. Suggestions for future researchers can use other media as comparison material so that they can add more information

Anggia Putri Utami Potabuga; Agust A. Laya; Irma M. Yahya

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition when there is an increase in blood pressure, which is above 140 mmHg for istolic blood pressure  and 90 mmHg for diastolic  blood pressure.One of the therapies used to lower blood pressure is the administration of tomato juice because it is rich in lycopeine, potassium and bioflavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tomato juice on lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients in       Mahawu Village sub distrit II Manado City. The method used in this study is a design experiment with One Group pretest-postest design. The sample taken amounted to 15 respondents using purposive sampling. Data collection using SOPs and observation sheets. The collected data is processed using SPSS 16.0. Statistical test using Wilcoxon Test with a meaning level ( α) of 0.05. The results of the study using Wilcoxon statistical tests obtained the results of Systolic Pre-Post with a value of P value = 0.001 and Diastolic Pre-Post with a value of p Value = 0.002 where the value of p Value < α = 0.05). so that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected so that there was an effect of giving tomato juice on lowering blood pressure in people with hypertension in Mahawu Village sub district II Manado City. The conclusion is based on the results of the study that there is an effect of giving tomato juice on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Kelurahan II Manado City.

Christiva Maras; Sarwan Sarwan; Cut Mutiya Bunsal

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Sugar levels that accumulate in the blood due to not being absorbed well by body cells can cause various organ disorders. If not controlled properly, it can lead to various complications that can be life-threatening. Risk factors that can affect blood sugar levels are food, activity, and weight gain. Therefore, one way to keep blood sugar levels under control is by doing walking therapy activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking on the fasting blood sugar levels when in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tuminting Village, Manado City. This research is a quantitative research with a method used pre-experimental method using a with a pre-test-post test one group design approach. The sample was taken based on the number of respondents obtained as many as 19 people using Purposive sampling. Data collection was done by using blood glucose test tools and observation sheets. The results of data analysis using the Paired sample t-test showed P value of 0.001 or smaller than ≤0.05 which means that the alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted or through walking activities can reduce the fasting blood sugar levels when in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Rahmawati Inggrit Yunus; Silvia Dewi Mayasari Riu; Irma M. Yahya

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Workload is a description of the volume of work. In hospitals, the workload covers many aspects and this has an impact on compliance with the implementation of SOPs for new patient admissions which can be influenced by high workloads. The aim of this research is to determine "The relationship between emergency room nurse workload and compliance with standard operational procedures for accepting new patients." This research was conducted using a cross-sectional Descriptive Analytical research method, which emphasizes the time of measurement or observation and independent and dependent variables only once. The population in this study was 23 subjekts with a sampling technique using total sampling technique and the sample for this study was 23 subjekts. Data collection uses questionnaires and observation sheets. Analyzed using the chi square test. Based on the chi-square results, it can be seen that the p value is 0.026, which is smaller than p (α < 0.5), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the workload of emergency department nurses and compliance with the implementation of new patient admission procedures. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the workload of emergency department nurses and compliance with the implementation of new patient admission procedures at RSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih, Manado City. Suggestions to hospitals can pay more attention to the workload they experience so as to provide good service to patients.

Endang Puji Ati; Rakhmawati Agustina

Jurnal Anestesi: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

The toddler period is a golden period that determines the rate of growth and development of toddlers both physically, mentally and emotionally. Assessment of nutritional status Assessment of nutritional status of toddlers using standard and measurable parameters can be used as a monitoring item for nutritional problems in toddlers. This study aims to describe the findings based on research data conducted in 2021 on 96 toddlers in the working area of the Ranomuut Public Health Center, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. Primary anthropometric and age data were collected on toddlers 6-24 months and obtained data that 26% of toddlers have nutritional status in the poor category (<2SD) and 74% of them have nutritional status in the good category (? -2 SD to +2SD). Even though there is no urgency found in the results of this study, the conclusions of the research need to be published, and it is hoped that this can be used as a reference for future research.  

Sali M. Papeti; Zainar Kasim; Ismawati Ismawati

Jurnal Ventilator: Jurnal riset ilmu kesehatan dan Keperawatan 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure is more than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure is more than 80 mmHg which can be measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). In addition to pharmacological therapy, hypertension management can also use non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is foot soak therapy in warm water. The purpose of this research is to determine effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension at Bailang Health Center Manado City. This study uses a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design without a comparison group. The population with the result that 165 people patients diagnosed with hypertension. The sampling process used a probability sampling technique  with the result that 15 respondents. Data collection was observations. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance value (?) of 0.05. From the results of the study was that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressurein patients with hypertension at Bailang Health Center Manado City with a value of p = 0.008. This p value is smaller than the value of a = 0.05. The conclusion of this study was that there was an effect of warm water foot soak therapy on blood pressurein patients with hypertension. This p value is smaller than the value of a = 0.05. It is hoped that the respondents will be able to take advantage of warm water foot soak therapy as an alternative in lowering blood pressure and this can also be done regularly.

Ismawati Ismawati; Rahmat H. Djalil; Zainar Kasim

Jurnal Anestesi: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 2023 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Bleeding is the most common cause of death where cases of open trauma are often found in the community, especially in traffic accidents and other accidents such as sharp object puncture wound. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of pressure bandage education on knowledge and attitude of stopping bleeding in ordinary people in the 3rd Neighborhood Mahawu Village, Tuminting Subdistrict, Manado.  This research was conducted by using a quasy experimental method (one group prettest and posttest design). Samples were amounted to 15 respondents taken by a random sampling. The instruments used in this research was questionnaire. Then, the collected data was processed by running the SPSS computer program version 16.0 to be analyzed by a Mc Nemar test with the significance level ? = 0,05. The Mc Nemar test result showed the value of knowledge ? = 0,002 which was smaller than ? = 0,05, meaning Ha is accepted or education in pressure bandage techniques can influence the attitude of ordinary people. The conclusion of this research is that there is an effect of pressure bandage education on knowledge and attitude of stopping bleeding in ordinary people in the 3rd Neighborhood Mahawu Village, Tuminting Subdistrict, Manado. It is suggested so that the community can get education with pressure bandage material to increase knowledge, attitudes and reduce the risk of bleeding that occurs.

Sjenny Tuju; Atik Purwandari; Irmasanti; Fredrika Losu; sandra Tombokan +2 more

Karunia: Jurnal Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2022 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Vaksinasi COVID-19  untuk mengurangi transmisi/penularan COVID-19, menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat COVID-19 dalam mencapai kekebalan kelompok di masyarakat (herd immunity) dan melindungi masyarakat dari COVID-19 agar tetap produktif secara sosial dan ekonomi. Kekebalan kelompok hanya dapat terbentuk apabila cakupan vaksinasi tinggi dan merata di seluruh wilayah.  Vaksinasi dilakukan pada masyarakat atau sasaran yang hendak melakukan vaksin dosis 1, dosis 2 dan booster yaitu untuk memutuskan mata rantai penularan penyakit, yaitu melalui upaya vaksinasi. Vaksinasi COVID-19 bertujuan untuk mengurangi transmisi/penularan COVID-19. Tujuan Implementasi Kebidanan Komplementer Aromaterapi dan Hand Sanitizer  Lemon dan Pelayanan vaksinasi COVID-19 pada masyarakat khususnya pengunjung     Mall Manado Town Square 3 Kota Manado

Norman Alfiat Talibo; Petronela Mamentu

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Penggunaan gadget pada anak sudah menjadi hal yang biasa, bahkan Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang menjadi pengguna gadget terbesar di Asia, Namun kecendurangan penggunaan gadget pada anak yang tidak tepat akan menjadikan anak kurang peduli dengan kesehatan dan teman-teman yang ada dilingkungan sekitarnya. perkembagan bahasa dan kemampuan  sosial anak Salah satu fase tumbuh kembang pada anak memiliki ciri dan tugas Perkembagan  seperti keterampilan Orangtua harus mempertimbangkan seperti motorik kasar dan motorik halus, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat adanya hubungan antara pola asuh orangtua otoriter dan demokratis dengan lamanya penggunaan gadget pada anak usia prasekola di Kelurahan Mahawu Lingkungan VII Kota Manado. Metode  Desain penelitiian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Total Poupulasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 50 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan menggunakan seluruh populasi. ukur yang diigunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner dianalisa menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05 05Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji Chi-square didapatkan nilai p value tersebut lebih kecil dari nilai signifakan sebesar (0,00<0,05) hasil penelitian ini menunukan bahwa didapati Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak.Kesimpulan yang diambil adalah terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua otoriter dan demokratis terhadap lamanya penggunaan gadget pada anak usia prasekolah. Diharapkan kepada para orang tua dapat menerapkan pola asuh yang demokratis terhadap anak mereka dalam penggunaan gadget.  

Sunarti Arsad; Bayu Dwisetyo; Nurlela Hi.Baco

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2022 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Adolescents are residents aged 10-18 years, while according to the Population and Family Planning Family strength is one of the most important things in preventing the occurrence of risky sexual in adolescents. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship of family strength to sexual behavior at risk in adolescents of environmental bailang village v. This study was conducted in the early teens of bailang lingungan v village, Population of 130 respondents with a sample number of 33 resonden. This was done in August. This type of research is research using descriptive analytical methods that are cross sectional. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data collection using the processor then collected data and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a α level (≤ 0.05. Test This means that there is a significant relationship between family strength relationships and risky sexual behavior in. adolescents in the neighborhood. The conclusion of this study is that there is a family strength relationship with sexual behavior at risk in adolescents in the neighborhood. Advice the results of this study for developments in the field of nursing in the future.

Rahmat Ismail; Fitriyana Junaidi

Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Sisthana (JUFDIKES) 2022 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Hypertension is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the arteries continuously over a period of time. A person is said to be hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure is equal to or above 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure is equal to or above 90 mmHg. The high prevalence of hypertension is one of the problems that affect public health status. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving celery leaf decoction on blood pressure in hypertension patients in Mahawu, Manado This research design is a pre-experimental research design (one-group pre-post test design). The population in this study amounted to 53 patients with the sample used was 17 respondents. The sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling. Data collection using blood pressure observation sheet. The results of the study found that giving boiled celery leaves before giving boiled celery leaves were 12 respondents (70.6%). And after giving boiled celery leaves, 13 respondents (76.5%). The result of p value 0.000 (<0.05) so Ha is accepted. There is an effect of giving boiled celery leaves on blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Mahawu, Manado. The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of giving celery leaf decoction on blood pressure in hypertension patients in Mahawu, Manado. Suggestions to respondents who often experience hypertension can do their own treatment when high blood pressure by boiling celery leaves.

Agust A. Laya; Kristine Dareda

Jurnal Fisioterapi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Sisthana (JUFDIKES) 2022 Stikes Kesdam IV/Diponegoro Semarang, Indonesia

Hypertension or often also called high blood pressure can also be defined as persistent blood pressure, where the systolic pressure is above 140 mmHg and the diastolic pressure is 100 mmHg. In 2018 North Sulawesi was recorded as the first rank with hypertension sufferers with a total of 13.5% or around 315 thousand people and Manado City ranked second with the number of cases reaching 1,541. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an effect on health education by poster media on the knowledge of hypertension management in the community in the village of Ternate, Tanjung. The research design is using proposive sampling in determining the sample size, and finding a sample of 15 people to be taken and using the Mc Nemar test to get the results. This research is classified as a quasi-experimental pre and post test design. From the results using the McNemar test, it appears that there are changes before and after the counseling is given, where there are 11 people whose level of knowledge increases after being given counseling with a percentage of 73.3%. given health education with poster media in the kelurahan ternate tanjung and analyzed before and after the influence on public knowledge with poster media in the Kelurahan Ternate Tanjung.

Irma M. Yahya; Kristine Dareda; Musdhalifa Kilian

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN SISTHANA 2020 SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN KESDAM IV DIPONEGORO

Hipertensi merupakan gangguan pada sistem sirkulasi.Seseorang dikatakan hipertensi apabila keadaan tekanan darah mengalami peningkatan diatas normal yaitu ? 140 mmHg untuk tekanan sistolik dan atau ? 90 mmHg untuk tekanan diastolik secara terus-menerus. Penatalaksanaan dalam mengatasi hipertensi terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu pengobatan farmakologis dan nonfarmakologis. Terapi non farmakologis yang relatif praktis dan efisien yaitu saalah satunya dengan cara pemberian aromaterapi bunga mawar. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui pengaruh pemberian aroma terapi bunga mawar terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Kombos Kota Manado. Penelitian dilakukan bersifat eksperimental menggunakan desain penelitian one group pretest-postest design. Sampel diambil berdasarkan jumlah responden sebanyak 22 orang dengan menggunakan accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan observasi. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan bantuan komputer program SPSS versi 16.0 untuk dianalisa menggunakan uji wilcoxon sign test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sebelum pemberian aroma terapi bunga mawar didapatkan rata-rata tekanan darah yaitu 151/90 mmHg. Setelah pemberian aroma terapi bunga mengalami penurunan rata-rata tekanan darah yaitu 136/81 mmHg. Data di uji dengan wilcoxon sign test. Dengan hasil nilai p value= 0,000 < ? = 0,05 dengan demikian H_0 ditolak dan H_aditerima.Artinya ada pengaruh pemberianaroma terapi bunga mawar terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Kombos Kota Manado. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh pemberian aroma terapi bunga mawar terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Kombos Kota Manado. Saran agar penelitian ini dapat menjadi tambahan informasi kepada mahasiswa tentang pengaruh pemberian aroma terapi bunga mawar terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi danjuga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bacaan maupun pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa.

Kristine Dareda; Irma Yahya; Hermin B. Korah

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN SISTHANA 2019 SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN KESDAM IV DIPONEGORO

Masa remaja merupakan periode terjadinya pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat baik secara fisik, psikologis maupun intelektual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa efektifitas Inovasi metode edukasi  Remaja  dalam upaya preventif  Penyakit Menular Seksual ( PMS ) /Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) di SMK V Manado. Desain penelitian yaitu two group pretest posttest. Sampel diambil sebanyak 40 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data mengunakan tehnik wawancara dan observasi dan mengisi  kuesioner. Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul diolah menggunakan program komputer SPSS untuk dianalisa menggunakan uji T-Berpasangan. Hasil penelitian diketahui nilai mean sebelum diberikan edukasi secara langsung yaitu 1.25 dan nilai mean sesudah yaitu 1.60 dengan nilai p=0.00, kemudian diketahui nilai mean sebelum diberikan edukasi menggunakan whatsapp yaitu 1.15 dan nilai mean sesudah yaitu 1.65 dengan nilai p=0.000. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yang paling efektif pada peningkatan pengetahuan siswa SMK Negeri V Manado adalah metode edukasi menggunakan media internet (whatsapp).