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Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

Injectable contraception remains one of the most widely used family planning methods among couples of reproductive age. However, the success of this method is strongly influenced by the level of knowledge and attitudes of acceptors, which in practice are often still inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable contraceptive educational videos in improving the knowledge and attitudes of injectable contraceptive acceptors at TPMB Siti Juhariyah. The study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 30 injectable contraceptive acceptors were selected as samples using purposive sampling techniques. The intervention consisted of providing an educational video on injectable contraception, followed by the assessment of participants’ knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to determine differences between pretest and posttest scores. The results showed a significant increase in acceptors’ knowledge, which shifted from moderate and low categories to a good category after the educational video intervention. In addition, the acceptors’ attitudes toward the use of injectable contraception also demonstrated a significant positive change. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that injectable contraceptive educational videos are effective in improving the knowledge and attitudes of acceptors. Therefore, educational videos can be utilized as a supportive counseling medium in family planning services to enhance the quality of contraceptive care in independent midwifery practices.

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease burden in rural Acehnese communities. Family support plays a critical role in long-term blood pressure control; however, the lived experiences of families caring for hypertensive members in Posbindu PTM settings remain underexplored. This study aimed to explore the meaning and forms of family role and social support in hypertension management among Posbindu PTM participants in Meunasah Timu Village, Aceh. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological design using Colaizzi's method was employed. Twelve family members of hypertensive patients were recruited purposively from Posbindu PTM, Desa Meunasah Timu. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted until data saturation. Trustworthiness was ensured through member checking, peer debriefing, and audit trail. Results: Three themes emerged: (1) Emotional and instrumental family support as a cornerstone of hypertension control; (2) Cultural and religious values as mediators of caregiving behavior; and (3) Barriers to consistent family involvement including knowledge deficits and caregiving fatigue. Conclusion: Family support is multidimensional and culturally embedded in hypertension management. Community health nurses and Posbindu PTM programs should integrate family-centered interventions that address knowledge gaps and caregiver well-being to optimize blood pressure control outcomes.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of parent empowerment in optimizing tummy time on head control in infants aged 0–6 months at community health posts in Jatisampurna, Bekasi. Early motor development requires adequate sensory–motor stimulation, yet many parents have limited knowledge and practice of prone positioning activities. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving nine healthy infants selected through purposive sampling. Parents received education and practical training on tummy time and were instructed to implement a home program for two weeks with a minimum duration of 30 minutes per day. Head control was assessed before and after the intervention using the Head Control Scale across prone, supine, pull-to-sit, and supported sitting positions. The results demonstrated improvements in head control scores in all positions, with the most notable gains observed in infants who had lower baseline abilities. The findings indicate that repeated prone stimulation enhances postural control through increased neck and trunk muscle activation and improved sensory–motor integration. Parent empowerment also increased knowledge, adherence to home stimulation, and active participation in child development monitoring. This community-based intervention shows potential as a promotive and preventive strategy to support early motor development through family-centered approaches at primary health services.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

Adolescence has problems, one of which is reproductive health. Factors that influence reproductive health include socioeconomic and demographic factors, cultural and environmental factors, psychological factors, and biological factors. This study aims to determine the factors related to the reproductive health of adolescents at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center (respondent characteristics, parental characteristics, adolescent knowledge, family support). This type of research is descriptive with a cross- sectional approach. The population is all seventh grade students at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center, grade VII in October 2025 with a sample of 59 people using total sampling. Data analysis uses descriptive data analysis and statistic chi square, namely explaining data about each variable. The results of the study showed that all (100%) were in the 35-49 age group, the majority (57.6%) had secondary education, the majority (59.3%) were employed, the majority (71.1%) had sufficient support, all (100%) were aged 11-14 years, almost all (81.4%) were female, and the majority (57.6%) had sufficient knowledge. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between knowledge and support from parents of class VII students with a p-value of 0.001 and factors related to adolescent reproductive health influence each other to influence reproductive health during adolescence. Therefore, it is hoped that community health centers will increase knowledge and understanding, especially in providing services to adolescents, to provide more information about adolescent reproductive health.

The third trimester of pregnancy is a challenging period since pregnant women experience various physical and psychological changes that can affect their readiness for childbirth. High anxiety levels and the presence of pregnancy complications are known to reduce maternal preparedness for labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and pregnancy complications with the readiness of third trimester pregnant women in facing childbirth in the working area of Benteng Community Health Center, Selayar Islands Regency. This research used a quantitative approach with a correlational design and a cross-sectional method. The population consisted of all third trimester pregnant women, with a total sample of 86 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included an anxiety questionnaire using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), a pregnancy complication checklist, and a childbirth readiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study showed no significant relationship between anxiety and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.550) or between pregnancy complications and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.690). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety and pregnancy complications are not significantly related to the readiness of pregnant women in the third trimester for childbirth. This indicates that maternal readiness is influenced by factors other than the variables studied, such as knowledge, family support, and previous childbirth experiences.

Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) is a community based health center that demonstrates community participation in health development. Posyandu provides a variety of integrated services, including family planning, maternal and child health (MCH), nutrition, immunization, and diarrhea management, all implemented simultaneously. Posyandu is also included in the Community-Based Health Efforts (UKBM) and is part of the Village Public Health Institution's activities. This study aims to analyze factors influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu by toddlers. The research method used was a literature review, examining ten relevant scientific articles. The article search was conducted through Google Scholar and Garuda databases, with the inclusion criteria being Indonesian-language articles published within the last five years (2021–2025). The study results indicate that factors influencing mothers' visits to Posyandu include knowledge, attitudes, education, employment, family support, the role of cadres, and access to health services. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening the role of cadres and family support in increasing Posyandu visits.

Mental disorders constitute a significant public health issue that necessitates family support in daily caregiving processes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family knowledge levels and their ability to care for family members with mental disorders at the Neglasari Community Health Center (Puskesmas) in Tangerang City. This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional design and involved 45 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on knowledge (Guttman scale) and caregiving ability (Likert scale), and were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods through the chi-square test. The findings revealed that 51.1% of families had low levels of knowledge, while 40% were assessed as unable to provide adequate care. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between family knowledge and caregiving ability (p = 0.009). These findings suggest that family health literacy plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of care for individuals with mental disorders. The implementation of family psychoeducation programs in primary healthcare settings is therefore essential to improve both knowledge and caregiving skills within home-based care. This study contributes to the development of community-based mental health services and provides a foundation for further research on educational interventions and family support systems.

Perceived Barrier Analysis Affecting the Interest of Women of Reproductive Age  in Participating in the Family Planning Program in The Working Area of The Jati 1 Health Center. The number of women participated in the family planning program in the Jati 1 Health Center work area was 12% while the target was 80%. One component of the HBM that discusses obstacles to family planning is perceived barriers. The purpose of this study was to analyze perceived barriers that influence the interest of women in participating in the family planning program in the Jati 1 Health Center work area. This research method uses a qualitative analytical description.The study was conducted in the Jati 1 Health Center work area in 2022. The number of main informants in this study was 4 respondents and 4 triangulation informants. The sampling method was snowball sampling. The results showed that women's interest in participating in the family planning program related to perceived barriers was fear of the side effects of family planning and myths believed by the surrounding community made women not interested in participating in the family planning program.This study concludes that there is an influence between knowledge about family planning, number of children, and husband's support on the interest of women in participating in the family planning program in the work area of Jati 1 Health Center.

VIA is a simple test. The VIA test is a method for early detection of cervical cancer by applying 3-5% acetic acid or vinegar. It has a 96% accuracy rate; abnormal areas will turn white. If there is no color change, it can be assumed that there is no cervical infection. This VIA test is important for fertile couples, including preconception women with PUS. To determine the relationship between knowledge and family role with compliance with VIA testing in preconception women with PUS at the Ajangale Community Health Center (UPT). This study used an observational research method with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were all PUS women aged 20-35 years at the UPT Ajangale Community Health Center. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique, obtaining 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The collected data were then processed and analyzed using the SPSS statistical program and analyzed using the chi-square test. The study showed a relationship between compliance with VIA testing and two variables studied: knowledge (p=0.000) and family role (0.000). Compliance with VIA testing in preconceptional women with PUS is influenced by both knowledge and family role. This study focused on preconception women with PUS at the Ajangale Community Health Center, aiming to understand the factors that influence their compliance with VIA testing. By analyzing the relationship between knowledge and family role with VIA compliance, the study highlights the importance of educating women about the benefits of early cervical cancer detection and the pivotal role families play in supporting health-seeking behaviors.

Based on data from the South Nias District Health Office, the number of hypertension cases at Bawomataluo Public Health Center increased steadily from 2022 to 2024. This condition posed a high risk of leading to severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and damage to other organs. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing compliance with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients within the working area of Bawomataluo Public Health Center in the year 2025. This research employed a quantitative method using an analytic survey design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 185 individuals who had been diagnosed with hypertension over the past six months (from July to December 2024). A purposive sampling technique was used to select 127 participants. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Using logistic regression with the forward method, the results showed that knowledge had a significance value of 0.002 with an Exp(B) of 5.680; family support had a significance value of 0.000 with an Exp(B) of 6.740; motivation had a significance value of 0.000 with an Exp(B) of 6.947; and self-confidence had a significance value of 0.001 with an Exp(B) of 5.706. Among these, motivation was identified as the most dominant factor due to having the highest odds ratio (Exp(B)). The findings indicated that knowledge, family support, motivation, and self-confidence significantly affected compliance with blood pressure control among hypertensive patients at Bawomataluo Public Health Center. Motivation emerged as the most influential factor. It was recommended that the health center actively provide support and encouragement to patients suffering from hypertension.

Stroke is a neurological disorder that often causes severe complications, including physical and cognitive impairments. Family involvement is essential in the recovery process, especially in home-based care. This case study aims to describe the application of family nursing care to a patient with hemorrhagic stroke in Purwodadi Village, Tonjong District, Brebes Regency. Data collection methods included interviews, observations, physical examinations, and nursing documentation using the SOAP format. The intervention focused on family support in mobilization, Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, and health education. The results showed an increase in family knowledge and participation, and improvements in the patient's mobility and self-care abilities. This study confirms that family-centered nursing care is effective in improving the quality of recovery and should be integrated into community nursing practice.

The " Toddler Family Class " program provided an opportunity for parents to actively engage in learning about the importance of appropriate parenting for toddlers. Recognizing the critical window of early childhood, the program focused on equipping parents with the knowledge and tools to promote their children’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. Parenting practices in early childhood significantly influence a child’s future academic success, emotional well-being, and ability to form healthy relationships. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that parents are well-informed about the best approaches to child-rearing during these formative years. The interactive discussions offered parents a platform to share their personal experiences, concerns, and challenges regarding parenting. Case studies presented real-life scenarios that allowed participants to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations. This approach facilitated a deeper understanding of the various parenting styles, including authoritarian, permissive, and democratic parenting, and their respective effects on child behavior and development. Furthermore, the program emphasized the importance of nurturing a secure attachment between parents and toddlers. Participants were introduced to strategies that encourage positive reinforcement, empathy, and effective communication with their children. These strategies are key to fostering a supportive and loving environment in which children can thrive emotionally and socially. The collaborative nature of the program also helped to build a supportive network among parents. They were encouraged to form lasting relationships that could provide ongoing mutual support in their parenting journey. This communal learning environment reinforced the importance of family-centered child development practices, ensuring that parents felt empowered to make informed decisions that would benefit their children’s long-term growth and well-being.

Type II diabetes mellitus (Type II DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term self-care skills to prevent serious complications. However, many patients have difficulty managing blood sugar levels independently due to a lack of structured and ongoing education. The Student Creativity Program (PKM) aims to improve the self-care skills of Type II DM patients through an educational approach based on the Self-Care Deficit theory from Dorothea Orem. The activity was carried out in Bonto Ramba, the working area of the Tamalanrea Makassar Health Center, involving 35 participants (33 women and 2 men). Interventions were carried out through interactive counseling, demonstrations of diabetic foot wound care, practice simulations, and the distribution of easy-to-understand educational media. Evaluation was carried out using a pre-post test to measure knowledge improvement and an observation sheet to assess the ability of self-care practice. Results showed a significant improvement in participants' self-care knowledge and skills after the intervention. In addition, family involvement in assisting patients has also increased, strengthening the sustainability of self-care behavior. Participants gave positive feedback on the method of delivering material that was contextual and relevant to daily life. The supportive-educational approach used has been proven effective in empowering patients and building awareness of the importance of self-control of health conditions. This program not only contributes to improving the quality of life of Type II DM patients, but also strengthens the role of the family as the main support in the treatment process. In conclusion, structured education based on Orem theory can be used as an intervention model that can be replicated in other areas with high prevalence of DM, as a promotive and preventive strategy in community-based management of chronic diseases.

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains a challenge in several areas, including Bojongkerta Village, within the Cipaku Community Health Center (Puskesmas) jurisdiction, South Bogor District, Bogor City. Lack of knowledge, high levels of stress during breastfeeding, and minimal family support are often major obstacles to successful exclusive breastfeeding. One approach that can be applied to address these issues is hypnobreastfeeding, a relaxation technique combined with positive affirmations to support mothers' readiness to breastfeed. The objective of this activity is to increase the capacity of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding through community-based hypnobreastfeeding training, which also involves Posyandu RW 1 cadres as the main supporting partners of the activity. The method used in this activity involves three stages: first, education and training in hypnobreastfeeding techniques for breastfeeding mothers; second, practical mentoring by lecturers involving students from the Midwifery Diploma Three Program at Ummi University Bogor; and third, evaluation of results through knowledge measurement and observation of breastfeeding practices. A total of 10 breastfeeding mothers and 4 Posyandu cadres participated in this activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and a positive change in attitudes towards breastfeeding practices. Furthermore, the active involvement of Posyandu cadres is expected to strengthen ongoing support at the community level. In conclusion, the hypnobreastfeeding training had a positive impact on empowering breastfeeding mothers and strengthening the role of Posyandu cadres as supporters of the exclusive breastfeeding program at the community level. This program also has the potential to expand the reach of education about exclusive breastfeeding and increase the success of sustainable exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional issue that significantly affects children's long-term growth and development. One of its primary causes is the lack of knowledge among mothers and families about balanced nutrition and the skills to manage household income effectively. This community engagement program aimed to enhance the knowledge of mothers and families through leaflet-based education on child nutrition and household income management for stunting prevention.The activity was conducted in the working area of Puruk Cahu Public Health Center, Central Kalimantan, involving 30 housewives with children under five years old. The education was delivered through lectures using both leaflet and PowerPoint media, and the implementation consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed that empowering mothers and families through leaflet media is an effective educational strategy. After the intervention, participants showed a significant improvement in understanding the importance of early nutritional intake, the concept of balanced nutrition, and simple strategies for managing household finances to meet their children's nutritional needs. In addition, participants became more aware of the family's active role in ensuring quality food consumption for children and the long-term impacts of malnutrition.It is expected that this increased knowledge will enable mothers and families to become agents of change in preventing stunting and fostering an environment that supports optimal child growth and development.

HB 0 immunization in Bandar Baru Health Center, Sibolangit District is still low at 39.0%. The low HB 0 immunization in infants is related to predisposing factors such as knowledge and attitudes, supporting factors, namely the place of delivery and reinforcing factors that support the family. This study aims to analyze predisposing, supporting and reinforcing factors related to the provision of HB 0 immunization in the Bandar Baru Health Center area, Sibolangit District. This type of research is a survey using an explanatory research approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies at the Bandar Baru Health Center, Sibolangit District, as many as 68 people and a sample of 68 people. Data were obtained by means of interview questionnaires and observations, analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression statistical tests at = 5%. The results of the study showed that there were significant predisposing factors such as knowledge and attitudes, supporting factors were the place of delivery, reinforcing factors were family support for HB 0 immunization in the Bandar Baru Health Center area, Sibolangit District and the variable that most influenced HB 0 immunization in the Bandar Baru Health Center, Sibolangit District where the workforce was a variable with Exp B = 12,733. It is possible for health workers to provide socialization to mothers about HB 0 immunization to increase HB 0 immunization, the Deli Serdang Regency Health Office should further improve implementation and provide education to the community about the HB 0 program and the community at the Bandar Baru Health Center, Sibolangit District must carry out hepatitis B prevention.

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding at the Sikan Community Health Center from 2018-2019 decreased from 50.8% to 28%. Lack of knowledge and the intensive promotion of formula milk are among the causes of the low exclusive breastfeeding rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the level of maternal knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in the Tokorondo Community Health Center Work Area. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 46 mothers with toddlers aged 6-12 months in the Sikan Community Health Center work area. The sample in this study was 36 people, the sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding was more common in mothers with low education (60%), unemployed mothers (23.5%), high income (50%), and well-informed (100%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding (p<0.001), while education (p=0.217), occupation (p=1.000), and income (p=0.436) have no relationship with exclusive breastfeeding. It is hoped that health workers can be a source of information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies up to 6 months of age and after six months of age. After six months, it is continued with the provision of complementary foods while continuing to provide breast milk until the age of 2 years and there is support from the family, especially the husband, as an effort to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Complication rates among patients with Type 2 DM are increasing and worsening due to their inability to implement self-care management. However, this cause can be minimized if patients have good knowledge, self-efficacy, and family support. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 147 respondents with type 2 diabetes in Bandarharjo Community Health Center Semarang, who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The test used was chi square test. The study showed that most respondents had low knowledge (47.6%), poor self efficacy (44.2%), adequate family support (49.7%) and good self care management (46.3%). The results showed a relationship between knowledge, self efficacy and family support on self care management in Type 2 DM patients at Bandarharjo Semarang Health Center (p<?). The results showed that there is a relationship between knowledge, self efficacy and family support on self care management in patients with Type 2 DM at Bandarharjo Community Health Center Semarang.