Publication Search

Cocoa is recalcitrant seed which it has the high water content and the deterioration goes quickly. The distribution of cocoa seed need longer time and it will decrease the quality of cocoa seed and cocoa seedling. The research aimed to determine of effectiveness seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana after storage during the distribution of seed. This research was conducted in Indonesian Cofee and Cocoa Research Institute. The research was conduct using randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. First  factor was the  storage period  of two days (L2), three days (3 hari), four days (L4), five days (L5), six (L6) and seven days (L7). The second factor was seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana (B1) and seed soaking with fungicide (B0). The result showed that storage periode had significant effect on  plant height and stem diameter. Seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana showed significant effect on plant height. The interaction between storage periode and seed soaking with Beauveria bassiana had no significant effect on the height of seedling, stem diameter and leaf number of seedling. 

Cocoa fruit is one of the crops with a long history in Indonesia. Cocoa powder and chocolate are among the export commodities processed from cocoa fruit. Currently, cocoa product exports fluctuate annually. The challenges faced in cocoa product exports are diverse. This study aims to analyze the performance of cocoa product exports in the global market. The data used in this study was obtained from UN Comtrade and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2024. The methods used in this study include Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The results show that the export performance of cocoa powder is relatively good, while that of chocolate is not so good. This is based on the RSCA and ECI values of cocoa powder, which are better than those of chocolate. The average RSCA value of cocoa powder is 0.62, while the average RSCA value of chocolate is -0.93. The average ECI value for cocoa powder is 0.95 and the average ECI value for chocolate is 0.97. One of the factors contributing to the good export performance of cocoa powder is that the export value of cocoa powder is higher than that of chocolate. Strict safety standards in export destination countries also pose a barrier to chocolate exports

This study aims to describe the production process, business strategy, and product offerings of the COSIK chocolate factory located in Maumere, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The COSIK chocolate factory utilizes local raw materials, such as cocoa beans, obtained directly from local farmers, and implements a processing process without the use of chemical preservatives. This approach not only increases the added value of local products but also supports community economic empowerment through partnerships with cocoa farmers in the region. Furthermore, the use of simple yet modern technology enables a hygienic production process that meets quality standards. The results show that the COSIK chocolate factory contributes to improving the quality of local cocoa, developing innovative products based on natural ingredients, and strengthening the region's identity as a producer of quality chocolate. Thus, COSIK serves not only as a production unit but also as a sustainable business model that integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects in a food processing industry based on local resources.

Supplier selection is a strategic aspect of supply chain management that directly impacts product quality and operational efficiency within a company. PT. XYZ, operating in the fashion industry, is currently facing the challenge of selecting the optimal t-shirt supplier and lacks an appropriate decision-making method. The objective of this research is to provide insights into the best decision-making approach for PT. XYZ by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The determination of suppliers is carried out by considering four main criteria, namely product quality, product price, delivery time, and service. The data obtained were generated from interviews and questionnaires given to the owner of PT. XYZ. The results of the analysis have shown that product quality is the most influential criterion with a weight of 0.716, followed by service (0.113), delivery time (0.093), and product price (0.078). The final result states that supplier C has the highest priority weight, which is 0.763. Therefore, PT. XYZ is recommended to choose supplier C as the best alternative supplier. The results of this study indicate that the AHP method can be used as a systematic and objective decision-making tool for supplier selection.

Cocoa farming is one of the plantation subsectors that plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, as it contributes to increasing farmers’ income, national exports, and the development of the chocolate processing industry. Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s largest cocoa producers, with major production areas located in Sulawesi, particularly South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi. However, the sustainability of cocoa farming still faces various challenges, such as low crop productivity, the use of low-quality seedlings, suboptimal cultivation techniques, and the presence of pests and plant diseases. In addition, limited access to capital and the low level of farmers’ financial management skills also affect the sustainability of cocoa farming. Many farmers do not yet have proper farm financial record-keeping systems, making it difficult to manage production costs, cash flow, and farm capital planning. In this context, financial literacy becomes an important factor that can help farmers manage their farming activities more effectively and sustainably. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on the sustainability of cocoa farming and farmers’ welfare. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 120 cocoa farmers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency (Sidrap), South Sulawesi. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on farm financial management and the sustainability of agricultural businesses. Farmers with higher levels of financial literacy tend to manage farm capital more effectively, maintain proper financial records, and improve farm productivity. Therefore, improving financial literacy can become

The daily exchange of informatics over the Internet has both eased the widespread proliferation of resources to ease accessibility, availability and interoperability of accompanying devices. In addition, the recent widespread proliferation of smartphones alongside other computing devices has continued to advance features such as miniaturization, portability, data access ease, mobility, and other merits. It has also birthed adversarial attacks targeted at network infrastructures and aimed at exploiting interconnected cum shared resources. These exploits seek to compromise an unsuspecting user device cum unit. Increased susceptibility and success rate of these attacks have been traced to user's personality traits and behaviours, which renders them repeatedly vulnerable to such exploits especially those rippled across spoofed websites as malicious contents. Our study posits a stacked, transfer learning approach that seeks to classify malicious contents as explored by adversaries over a spoofed, phishing websites. Our stacked approach explores 3-base classifiers namely Cultural Genetic Algorithm, Random Forest, and Korhonen Modular Neural Network – whose output is utilized as input for XGBoost meta-learner. A major challenge with learning scheme(s) is the flexibility with the selection of appropriate features for estimation, and the imbalanced nature of the explored dataset for which the target class often lags behind. Our study resolved dataset imbalance challenge using the SMOTE-Tomek mode; while, the selected predictors was resolved using the relief rank feature selection. Results shows that our hybrid yields F1 0.995, Accuracy 0.997, Recall 0.998, Precision 1.000, AUC-ROC 0.997, and Specificity 1.000 – to accurately classify all 2,764 cases of its held-out test dataset. Results affirm that it outperformed bench-mark ensembles. Result shows the proposed model explored UCI Phishing Website dataset, and effectively classified phishing (cues and lures) contents on websites.

This research aims to create batik tulis motifs with inspiration from three main plantation commodities in North Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra, namely palm oil, rubber, and cocoa. These three plants are not only economically important, but also have philosophical values that can be raised as visual and cultural wealth in the form of batik motifs. The method used in the creation of the work consists of three stages, namely exploration, design, and realization. Exploration is done through literature study, direct observation, and visual documentation of the morphology of the three plants. The design stage involved the stilation and deformation of the plant forms into batik motif designs. Furthermore, the realization stage was carried out using the written batik technique using canting on mori cloth. The research resulted in 12 written batik works that combine elements of aesthetics, philosophy of life, and the locality value of the Labuhanbatu Utara community. This research is expected to enrich the repertoire of contemporary batik design while supporting cultural preservation and the development of local wisdom-based creative industries.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) at various concentrations on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). The research was conducted at PTPN I Regional 5, Kendenglembu Plantation, Banyuwangi, for four months using a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments: P0 (control), P1 (10 mL/L), P2 (20 mL/L), P3 (30 mL/L), and P4 (40 mL/L). Growth parameters observed included plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves up to 12 Weeks After Planting (WAP). ANOVA analysis showed no statistically significant effect of the treatments on any parameter. However, descriptive data indicated that concentrations of 20–30 mL/L tended to produce better growth: P2 (31.25 cm) had the highest plant height, P3 (6.93 mm) the highest stem diameter, and P1 (12 leaves) the most leaves. Chitosan potentially acts as a plant growth stimulator by increasing nitrogen availability and enhancing physiological processes such as photosynthesis. In contrast, a high concentration (40 mL/L) exhibited inhibitory effects. Although the differences were not statistically significant, concentrations of 20–30 mL/L could be recommended for practical application. The lack of significant results may be attributed to suboptimal concentrations, application frequency, or environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to modify treatments and assess additional parameters such as biomass, root development, and leaf area to better understand the efficacy of chitosan fertilizer in cocoa seedling growth.

The demand for chocolate continues to increase along with high public consumption. One of the main components in chocolate formulation is fat, which generally comes from cocoa butter. However, the availability of cocoa butter is limited and the price is relatively high, so a more economical and easily obtained substitute material is needed locally to support the sustainability of the chocolate industry. This study aims to examine the potential of palm oil fractions, especially palm stearin and olein, as a partial substitute for cocoa butter (Cocoa Butter Substitute/CBS) in chocolate formulations. The study was conducted through a literature review of scientific journals published in the last 10 years, which included chemical, physical, and sensory analysis data on palm oil-based chocolate products. The results of the study showed that stearin increased the melting point and firmness of the product, while olein produced a softer texture and a smoother melting sensation. Sensorially, olein-based formulations showed a higher level of acceptance than stearin, especially in color, aroma, taste, and texture attributes. In addition, palm oil fractions do not produce trans fats, and are able to maintain the balance of solid and liquid fats, while supporting the stability of the product emulsion. This study shows that palm oil fractions, especially through the right combination of stearin and olein, have great potential as a substitute for cocoa butter without reducing physical or sensory quality, thus supporting the sustainability of chocolate production in the future.

Introduction: Cocoa farmers are prone to experiencing neck muscle pain due to repetitive physical activities with prolonged duration. Neck muscle pain can reduce productivity and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers in Candikusuma Village. Methods: This research used a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a total of 62 respondents. The static stretching exercise intervention was conducted for 1 week with a frequency of 2 sessions and a duration of 30 minutes per session. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, resulting in a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating a significant effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers. Discussion: Static stretching exercises can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce neck muscle pain in the cocoa farmer population.    

Telah banyak dibahas pada penelitian terdahulu mengenai bahan tambah atau subtitusi pada campuran aspal. Penelitian kali ini mencoba untuk substitusi maupun menambahkan plastik jenis low linear density poly ethylene (LLDPE) sebagai bahan tambah untuk campuran Asphalt Course – Binder Course (AC-BC). Plastik ditambahkan pada kadar plastik optimum terhadap nilai karakteristik marshall. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium PT. Kadi Indonesia Manufaktur dengan 3 pengujian marshall. Pengujian marshall I adalah untuk mencari kadar aspal optimum tanpa tambahan plastik, diperoleh KAO untuk AC-BC sebesar 5,2%. Pengujian marshall II dilakukan untuk berat aspal optimum 100 % + % berat limbah plastik, diperoleh kadar optimum plastik sebagai bahan tambah sebesar 3%. Sementara untuk pengujian marshall III, dilakukan untuk bahan plastik sebagai subtitusi aspal yakni % berat aspal optimum + % berat limbah plastik = 100 % berat aspal optimum. Pada pengujian marshall III diperoleh kadar plastik optimum sebagai subtitusi adalah 2%. Nilai terbaik diperoleh di pengujian Marshall II (100% KAO + 3% LLDPE sebagai bahan tambah. Campuran 100% KAO + 3% LLDPE sebagai bahan tambah ini menghasilkan nilai stabilitas 1482 kg/cm2; flow 3,47 mm; VIM 4,93%; VFA 69,5% dan MQ 428 kg/mm. Seluruh nilai tersebut telah memenuhi persayaratan AC-BC yang tertuang dalam Spesifikasi Umum 2018 Revisi 2.

The halal industry, particularly halal fashion, has become a global trend, including in Indonesia, which has the largest Muslim population. This study aims to analyze the impact of Lifestyle, Islamic Branding, and Social Media Marketing on the purchase interest of pashmina hijabs among students at the University of Trunojoyo Madura. The method used is descriptive quantitative with data collection through online questionnaires to 100 students. The results show that Lifestyle has a significant positive impact on purchase interest (coefficient 0.444), while Islamic Branding has a positive but not significant impact (coefficient 0.039). Social Media Marketing also has a positive and significant impact on purchase interest (coefficient 0.367). Simultaneously, the three variables significantly influence, with a contribution of 33,1%. These findings suggest that improving Lifestyle and Social Media Marketing can enhance purchase interest, while Islamic Branding does not have a significant impact.

Socks are essential daily wear that require special care, including an effective drying process to prevent unpleasant odors and the growth of bacteria and fungi. Conventional drying methods often face challenges, especially in high-humidity environments or during unfavorable weather conditions. This study aims to design and develop a prototype sock dryer that is more efficient and hygienic. The prototype utilizes a combination of a heater, UV lamp, and humidity and temperature sensors to ensure optimal drying without damaging fabric fibers. A microcontroller-based control system using Arduino Uno is implemented to regulate device operation and monitor sock conditions during drying. Testing results indicate that the device effectively dries cotton socks in damp conditions faster than conventional methods. Additionally, the sterilization feature with a UV lamp helps reduce the risk of microbial growth. This innovation is expected to provide users with a practical, hygienic, and efficient way to dry socks without depending on weather conditions. Further development can be carried out to enhance drying capacity and energy efficiency.

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a plantation crop that produces cocoa shell waste, and is an alternative as compost fertilizer. Water spinach is a type of vegetable that is widely consumed, but its productivity has decreased. It is necessary to increase plant production by providing additional nutrients by using cocoa shell waste as fertilizer. This research aims to determine the effect of cocoa shell waste compost on the growth of land kale plants. Research methods, namely (RAK); 5 treatments and 4 replications consisting of; P0(control), P1(100gr/polybag), P2(200gr/polybag), P3(300gr/polybag), and P4(400gr/polybag. Parameters observed for growth included; plant stem height, number of leaves and wet weight, then The data was tested using (ANOVA) and continued with the test (BNT) with a level of 5%. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the height growth of land kale plants in the treatment had a very significant effect on the 200g dose of fertilizer where Fcount>Ftable (11.7>3.11) while the group did not have a significant effect where Fcount <Ftable (0.39 < 3.11). significant where Fcount < Ftable (1.83 < 3.11) as well as in groups where Fcount < Ftable (2.1 < 3.11), and the highest wet weight was in treatment P2, namely 5 gr. Providing cocoa shell compost fertilizer at a concentration of 200 gr gave the best results in all observed parameters.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tanaman budidaya yang disukai oleh kelompok Macaca hecki di Perkebunan Masyarakat Taluditi, Pohuwato Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan observasi langsung terhadap perilaku makan primata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat delapan jenis tanaman budidaya yang dikonsumsi oleh Macaca hecki, jenis tanaman budidaya paling dominan dikonsumsi adalah jagung (Zea mays) dan kakao (Theobroma cacao). Interaksi antara primata dan praktik pertanian masyarakat berpotensi menimbulkan konflik, sehingga pemahaman mengenai preferensi makanan primata sangat penting untuk mengembangkan strategi budidaya yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi petani dalam memilih tanaman yang tidak hanya bernilai ekonomis, tetapi juga ramah lingkungan dan berkontribusi pada pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati. Kata kunci: Macaca hecki, tanaman budidaya, pertanian berkelanjutan, konflik manusia-satwa liar.

Gigs Wear adalah sebuah startup konveksi yang bertujuan menyediakan layanan pembuatan lanyard, ID card, dan kaos custom berkualitas tinggi dengan harga terjangkau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode design thinking untuk merancang antarmuka pengguna (UI) website Gigswear.co. Dengan fokus pada kebutuhan pengguna, lima tahapan design thinking diterapkan, yakni empathize, define, ideate, prototype, dan testing. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS), yang menunjukkan hasil sangat baik dengan tingkat keberhasilan rata-rata 100%. Temuan ini membuktikan efektivitas pendekatan design thinking dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna, yang pada akhirnya mendukung keberlanjutan usaha Gigs Wear.

Mixing temperature has an important role in the performance of the asphalt mixture that has been made. If the mixing temperature is too low and causes the viscosity value to be high, it will make it difficult to carry out asphalt mixing and was studied in the laboratory for two months which aims to determine the effect of mixing temperature variations on the value of marshall parameters and determine the effect of temperature variations on the performance of AC-WC asphalt pavement mixing. Characteristics of Temperature Variations in AC-BC asphalt mixtures for temperature variations of 140, 150 and 160, from the results of testing vim at a temperature of 160 with a value of 6.63 does not meet specifications, at a VFB value at a temperature of 160 does not meet specifications with a VFB value of 64.25, for the value of stablity, VMA, flow, MQ all meet specifications. so it can be concluded that the greater the temperature can make the asphalt mixture ineffective or the quality of the AC-BC asphalt decreases. The effect of temperature variation on AC-BC asphalt mixture is not optimal because the greater the temperature parameter can reduce the quality of AC-BC. The results of the proof of the marshal test of several temperature variations that do not meet the specifications make some marsall tests not pass specifications and density results that are not solid.

His research aims to determine emotional intelligence and work stress on employee performance, as well as to determine the magnitude of the influence of emotional intelligence and work stress both partially and  simultaneously on the performance of employees in the sock production section of PT Kahatex Cijerah, Cimahi City. The type of research used in this research is descriptive and associative methods. The number of samples used in this study were 100 respondents who were taken from all employees of the production section, the socks department. To see the relationship between 2 variables, the analysis used is path analysis. This study resulted that the effect of emotional intelligence on performance partially was 35.4%. The effect of work stress on performance partially is 39.4%, so that emotional intelligence and work stress together (simultaneously) are 74.8% while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined.  

Customer attrition has become the focus of many businesses today – since the online market space has continued to proffer customers, various choices and alternatives to goods, services, and products for their monies. Businesses must seek to improve value, meet customers' teething demands/needs, enhance their strategies toward customer retention, and better monetize. The study compares the effects of data resampling schemes on predicting customer churn for both Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost ensembles. Data resampling schemes used include: (a) default mode, (b) random-under-sampling RUS, (c) synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and (d) SMOTE-edited nearest neighbor (SMOTEEN). Both tree-based ensembles were constructed and trained to assess how well they performed with the chi-square feature selection mode. The result shows that RF achieved F1 0.9898, Accuracy 0.9973, Precision 0.9457, and Recall 0.9698 for the default, RUS, SMOTE, and SMOTEEN resampling, respectively. Xgboost outperformed Random Forest with F1 0.9945, Accuracy 0.9984, Precision 0.9616, and Recall 0.9890 for the default, RUS, SMOTE, and SMOTEEN, respectively. Studies support that the use of SMOTEEN resampling outperforms other schemes; while, it attributed XGBoost enhanced performance to hyper-parameter tuning of its decision trees. Retention strategies of recency-frequency-monetization were used and have been found to curb churn and improve monetization policies that will place business managers ahead of the curve of churning by customers.

Cocoa is a plantation crop that has a high contribution to the Indonesian economy through export activities. The large number of people interested in processed cocoa products means that demand for cocoa is increasing every year. The aim of the research carried out was to measure and see the level of comparative competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the main importing country, namely Malaysia. This research was conducted from March 2024 to April 2024. This research uses secondary data in the form of panel data for the period 2013-2022. The method used is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) to measure and determine the level of competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa's comparative advantage. The research results show that Indonesian cocoa in the Malaysian market has strong competitiveness with an average RCA value of 2.61197. This also shows that Indonesian cocoa can compete in the global market by continuing to develop both technology and information.