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 Toxic work environments are becoming an issue that is getting more and more attention in human resource management because of its destructive impact on the psychological well-being of employees and organizational stability. Unhealthy interpersonal relationships, authoritarian leadership, bullying, and recurrent disrespectful behavior create a work atmosphere full of stress and uncertainty. This condition not only triggers work stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion, it further exacerbates these challenges, as high work demands and a lack of work-life balance make employees, especially Generation Z, increasingly vulnerable to mental health disorders. This study aims to analyze the influence of toxic work environments on employees' mental health as well as its impact on the intention to quit their jobs. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles. The results of the study showed that a toxic work environment characterized by violence, bullying, tyrannical leadership, unfriendliness, and exclusion had a significant effect on the increase in work stress, psychological pressure, work stress and intention to quit work. Toxic leadership is the main factor in forming an unhealthy work culture. Social support, especially from supervisors, plays a protective role as a protective factor that mediates these negative relationships. Generation Z was found to be more sensitive to injustice and rights violations in the workplace. The study concludes that organizations need to prioritize psychological safety, implement supportive leadership, and provide tangible organizational policies and support to maintain employees' mental health and reduce work stress rates for long-term organizational sustainability.

Correctional institutions impose sustained psychological burdens on inmates, including social isolation, fractured family bonds, and disrupted identity development, which collectively heighten the risk of mental health deterioration. Unlike preventive psychoeducational approaches, group counseling operates as a curative, therapeutically structured service that enables participants to process shared difficulties through interpersonal dynamics. This community service study implemented group counseling within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) framework involving 50 early adult inmates at Lapas Kelas III Rangkasbitung. PAR was operationalized as an implementation framework in which each counseling cluster cycle followed the Plan-Act-Observe-Reflect sequence, enabling iterative refinement of therapeutic content. Pre-service needs assessment using the Alat Ungkap Masalah (AUM) Umum Masyarakat instrument identified dominant problems in family relations (13.33%), personal self (12.97%), and social relations (10.76%). Group counseling was conducted across three thematic clusters. Program evaluation revealed improvements in social interaction, self-acceptance, and emotional regulation among participants, with the PAR reflective cycle enabling context responsive adaptation of each session. These findings affirm that PAR-grounded group counseling constitutes a contextually adaptive model for psychosocial rehabilitation in correctional settings.

This article examines the impact of dehumanization in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the formation of the personality of future priests in light of the teachings of Pastores Dabo Vobis, particular number 43-44, as well as from Philosophical and theological perspectives. The development of AI brings significant changes in the way human think, relate, and build their self-identity. On the one hand, AI offers great opportunities to support intellectual formation through access to information, pastoral simulations, and digital learning. However, on the other hand, the dominance of technology has the potential to cause dehumanization, namely a reduction in the quality of interpersonal relationships, the depth of reflection and sensitivity. This study employs a literature review method, examining relevant theological, philosophical, and scientific literature. The findings indicate that excessive reliance on AI can disrupt the development of the human dimension in seminarians, particularly regarding affective maturity, relational competence, and the integrity of personal identity. From a philosophical perspective, humans are understood as free, rational, and relational beings; thus, reducing humans to mere components of an algorithmic system contradicts their very nature. Meanwhile, theology affirms human dignity as the Imago Dei, which cannot be replaced by technology. Therefore, a critical and prudent formation approach is required, one that positions AI as an aid, not a substitute for human relationships.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly influenced various aspects of children's and adolescents' lives, particularly emotional development and social interaction. Excessive and uncontrolled use of digital media may negatively affect emotional regulation, communication skills, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, educational institutions play an important role in helping students develop positive character and social behavior. Islamic Religious Education (IRE) is expected to contribute to character formation by instilling moral values, strengthening self-control, and encouraging healthy social interactions. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education learning on the emotional development and social interaction of late childhood students in the digitalization era. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 40 students at MIS As-Syafi'iyah 10 Bogor in 2026. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The findings revealed that 32 respondents (80%) demonstrated a good level of Islamic Religious Education learning. In addition, 23 respondents (57.5%) showed good emotional development, while 28 respondents (70%) demonstrated good social interaction. Statistical analysis showed a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05), indicating a significant effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education learning on students' emotional development and social interaction. These findings suggest that Islamic Religious Education contributes positively to fostering emotional maturity and improving social relationships among students in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assertive communication techniques in cross-cultural counseling for reducing avoidance behavior among students experiencing interpersonal friendship conflicts. Cultural differences between counselors and clients may influence communication patterns, emotional expression, and conflict resolution processes during counseling sessions. Friendship conflicts among university students commonly arise from jealousy, misunderstanding, social comparison, and ineffective interpersonal communication. These conditions often encourage students to avoid direct interaction to prevent further conflict. This study employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The participants were students who experienced friendship conflicts and demonstrated avoidance behavior tendencies. Data were collected through counseling individual. The intervention was delivered through counseling sessions that used assertive communication techniques and combined behavioral and humanistic approaches in a cross-cultural counseling setting. The findings revealed that assertive communication techniques were effective in reducing students’ avoidance behavior. After receiving the intervention, participants demonstrated greater confidence in expressing opinions, improved emotional regulation, increased openness in communication, and healthier interpersonal relationships. The study indicates that assertive communication in cross-cultural counseling can serve as an effective counseling strategy to help students manage interpersonal conflicts and improve social adjustment in higher education environments.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of students’ social relationships using sociometric techniques within the context of guidance and counseling services. Social relationships are an essential aspect of individual development, particularly for guidance and counseling students who are expected to possess strong interpersonal skills as future counselors. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a sociometric questionnaire covering aspects of collaborative learning, group work, understanding difficult materials, and emotional support. The participants consisted of 21 students from the Guidance and Counseling study program, selected using a total sampling technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution of peer selection and presented in the form of a sociometric matrix and sociogram to facilitate the interpretation of social interaction patterns within the group. The findings revealed that social relationships were not evenly distributed but tended to be concentrated on certain individuals. Some students demonstrated high levels of selection, indicating their role as central figures in both academic and emotional interactions, while others showed low levels of selection, suggesting potential social isolation. These findings indicate that group dynamics are influenced by social skills, academic competence, and individual empathy. Therefore, guidance and counseling services play a crucial role in improving the quality of students’ social interactions through appropriate interventions, such as group guidance and social skills training. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for developing more effective and inclusive guidance and counseling services.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of individuals in relationships with partners with Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) tendencies through a qualitative approach. AvPD is characterized by a pattern of feelings of inadequacy, high sensitivity to rejection, and a tendency to avoid intense social interactions, including intimate relationships. The research method used a phenomenological design with in-depth interviews with three participants who had experience in romantic relationships with individuals with AvPD symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns of experience. The results showed that individuals in these relationships often experience complex emotional dynamics, such as confusion, frustration, and feelings of emotional unfulfillment. Participants expressed difficulties in building emotional closeness because their partners tended to maintain distance, avoid conflict, and have an excessive fear of rejection. On the other hand, participants also showed high empathy and attempted to understand their partners' psychological conditions, although this often resulted in emotional exhaustion. This study highlights the importance of psychological understanding, effective communication, and professional support in maintaining relationships with individuals with AvPD tendencies. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of psychological interventions and increase awareness of the dynamics of interpersonal relationships involving personality disorders.

Social change in the context of liquid modernity has significantly influenced how people understand interpersonal relationships, love, and commitment. Contemporary relationships tend to be flexible, temporary, and oriented towards the fulfillment of subjective needs, making loyalty and long-term commitment often viewed as a threat to personal autonomy. Based on Zygmunt Bauman's analysis of liquid modernity and liquid love, this study examines the crisis of modern relationships as an anthropological and theological crisis of meaning. Specifically, the study focuses on the Nota Doktrinal Una Caro as the Catholic Church's theological response to these relational dynamics. Using a library research method with a qualitative and analytical-hermeneutical approach, this study interprets magisterial texts in critical dialogue with the sociological theory of liquid modernity. The research findings show that the Nota Doktrinal Una Caro offers an integrated anthropological-theological vision by affirming Catholic marriage as a permanent, monogamous, and indissoluble communion of life and love. Fidelity is understood as the highest actualization of freedom, while sexuality is seen as an expression of total self-giving, offering an alternative to the fragmentation of modern relationships. The study also emphasizes the importance of a dialogical and formative approach in family counseling.

The dominance of digital technology in contemporary society has led to a shift in human values. Technology no longer serves merely as a tool but has evolved into a crucial system shaping interaction, communication, and behavior. This study uses qualitative methods to examine how digital technology influences human values in modern society. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out, incorporating thematic analysis of relevant sources. According to this study, the prevalence of digital technology has significantly transformed many aspects of social life. This includes the transition from a user-centered paradigm to a more automated system-centered paradigm; the conversion of human identity into data representation in digital systems; as well as the move from in-person to online communication within social exchanges. These effects undermine the quality of social relationships, reduce empathy and interpersonal interaction, increase dependence on technology, and lead to dehumanization. Furthermore, changes in information perception have the potential to improve digital literacy but simultaneously reduce the quality of critical public reflection. Nevertheless, digital technology continues to offer advantages such as easier access to information and productivity gains. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to improve user-centered technology, digital skills, and adaptable regulations.

The implementation of Hospital Management Information Systems (HMIS) has become a strategic imperative to enhance operational efficiency amidst the ongoing global digital health transformation era. This study aims to analyze the determinants of successful HMIS implementation and its impact on service efficiency and patient outcome quality. Employing a narrative review approach with thematic synthesis of literature from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases between 2016-2026, the study evaluates the relationship between technology investment and organizational performance. The synthesis results indicate that while HMIS significantly reduces administrative burdens and medication errors, a "digital paradox" exists where technical efficiency may disrupt interpersonal interactions between healthcare providers and patients if systems are not user-centered. Key success factors include data interoperability (HL7/FHIR standards), human resource readiness, and governance policy support. This study concludes that a patient-centered efficiency model is the fundamental basis for ensuring technology investments yield sustainable added value within the healthcare delivery system.

This study aims to analyze the influence of effective communication on the emotional intelligence of early childhood. Effective communication is the process of conveying clear, empathetic, and responsive messages between educators or parents and children, which plays a crucial role in shaping children's abilities to recognize, understand, and manage emotions. Emotional intelligence is an essential aspect of child development because it supports social adaptation, self-regulation, and positive interpersonal relationships. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The subjects were early childhood education institutions attending early childhood education institutions, with data collection techniques through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed using statistical procedures to determine the relationship between the variables studied. The results showed a significant influence between effective communication and children's emotional intelligence. Children who receive good communication tend to have higher empathy skills, are able to control their emotions, and establish positive social relationships. In addition, effective communication helps children express their feelings appropriately and develop self-confidence. Thus, effective communication is an important factor in the development of emotional intelligence in early childhood. This research is expected to serve as a reference for educators and parents in improving the quality of interactions with children and supporting optimal child development.

In the face of Indonesia’s escalating family crises amid rapid digital disruption and post-pandemic social recovery, this study proposes a novel “Dual-Ethos Synergy Model” that integrates the Fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22–23) with the second principle of Pancasila, namely “Just and Civilized Humanity.” The study is grounded in qualitative fieldwork conducted at Gereja Bethel Indonesia Pemulihan Keluarga Allah (GBI PKA). The findings demonstrate that the integration of Christian spiritual values and civic ethics fosters restorative character formation within families and church communities. This synergy produces practical outcomes, including stronger empathy in community service, improved interpersonal relationships, and more constructive conflict resolution practices. Using data gathered through nine in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, the study addresses existing gaps in urban church discipleship by combining spiritual transformation with social responsibility and civic engagement. The proposed model also offers implications for scalable digital-hybrid ministry programs focused on family restoration and contributes to the development of contextual theological praxis within pluralistic and multicultural societies. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

This research aims to analyze the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing the performance and effectiveness of educational organizations through a systematic literature review. The development of modern educational organizations demands human resource management that is not only oriented toward administrative aspects but also considers the psychological dynamics of individuals, including behavior, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles from the Google Scholar database. The results of the study indicate that management psychology contributes significantly to organizational productivity through three main aspects: effective organizational communication to build trust, psychology-based leadership that increases work motivation and satisfaction through recognition and fairness, and constructive conflict management that transforms tension into opportunities for innovation. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the integration of various psychological dimensions, such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and self-efficacy, is a key element in creating a conducive work environment. Therefore, leaders of educational institutions are advised to adopt a humanistic leadership style to optimize the potential of human resources and achieve superior educational quality in a sustainable and effective manner within the modern era.

Mental health among university students has become a critical concern in higher education, particulary as students are required to cope with increasing academic demands, social pressures,and the growing complexity of campus life. At this stage, students are in an early transitional period that requires them to adapt to various changes, both academically and psychosocially. Under thes circumstances, psychological factor play a significant role in helping student maintain mental balance, one of which is emotional intelligence. This study aims to explore and understand the relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ mental health through a literature review approach. The method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive literature review of 18 national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2025, focusing on topics related to emotional intelligence, academic stress, emotion regulation, and student mental health. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence demonstrates a strong and consistent association with various aspects of students’ mental health, including levels of academic stress, anxiety, depression, academic, burnout, resilience, adjustment abilities, and psychological well being. Students with higher levels of emotional intelligence tend to be more capable of recognizing and understanding their emotions,as well as managing them adaptively when facing academic and social pressures. These abilities contribute to reducing the risk of excessive psychological distress. Furthermore, emotional intelligence functions as a protective factor that support the development of effective coping strategies and healty interpersonal relationship. Therefore, fostering emotional intelligence, through promotive and preventive programs within higher education instituions has the potential to become a strategic effort in enhacing and sustaining students’mental health over the long term.

The development of digital technology has transformed interpersonal interaction patterns through online dating applications such as Tinder. Even though the use of Tinder in Indonesia has increased significantly, there are striking differences in communication styles between male and female users in managing these digital relationships. This study aims to analyze in depth the communication style of men as Tinder users in the digital dating search process. Using the framework of four main communication styles: emotive, director, reflective, and supportive style traits, this research explores how men navigate interactions that lack verbal cues and are asynchronous. The research method used is phenomenology by collecting data through participatory observation in the application and in-depth interviews with five male informants who are active Tinder users. The results of the study show that each informant applies different communication styles to build comfort and a positive self-image (selective self-presentation) to achieve their romantic goals. These findings identify that variations in men's communication styles are influenced by risk perception, privacy management, and self-presentation strategies in digital spaces. This research contributes to the literature on computer-mediated communication (CMC) in the context of online dating dynamics in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Protocol Division in supporting the activities and performance of regional leaders, particularly from the functional and interpersonal aspects in local government administration. The study employs a qualitative approach using Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) through a review of literature, policy documents, and relevant previous research on protocol functions within government organizations. The analysis is grounded in organizational role theory and managerial role concepts. The results indicate that the Protocol Division plays a strategic role in supporting the effectiveness of regional leaders’ duties through two main dimensions. First, the functional role, which includes managing the regional leader’s activity agenda, organizing protocol-related events, arranging official ceremonies, and coordinating with regional apparatus and relevant institutions to ensure smooth implementation of government activities. Second, the interpersonal role, which encompasses acting as a communication liaison between the regional leader and various stakeholders, facilitating inter-agency working relationships, and supporting the representative function of the regional leader in official and community social events. The findings suggest that the successful execution of regional leaders’ activities is influenced not only by the leaders’ own leadership capacity but also by the effectiveness of organizational support from units that assist leadership, such as the Protocol Division. This role contributes to enhancing coordination effectiveness, ensuring smooth implementation of government activities, and strengthening the image and authority of regional leaders in performing their leadership functions. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, improving human resource competencies, and utilizing information technology in managing leadership activities are crucial factors in optimizing the role of the Protocol Division in local governance.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nurses’ interpersonal conflict and job satisfaction at Hospital X Depok in 2025. Interpersonal conflict in the workplace may negatively affect nurses’ psychological well-being, performance, and quality of healthcare services, thereby reducing job satisfaction. This research employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all nurses working at Hospital X Depok, totaling 151 individuals, with a final sample of 121 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using three instruments: a demographic questionnaire, an interpersonal conflict questionnaire based on Wexley’s theory, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form to measure job satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using univariate statistics and the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 55.4% of respondents experienced low interpersonal conflict, while 44.6% experienced high interpersonal conflict. Job satisfaction levels were relatively balanced, with 50.4% of nurses reporting high satisfaction and 49.6% reporting low satisfaction. The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between interpersonal conflict and job satisfaction (p = 0.000). Nurses experiencing low interpersonal conflict tended to have higher job satisfaction, whereas those experiencing high interpersonal conflict predominantly reported low satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of effective conflict management strategies, supportive leadership, and strengthened interpersonal communication to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction and improve the quality of healthcare services.