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The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the strategic role of freight forwarding and delivery service companies in maintaining the efficiency of supply chains. However, the increasing complexity of delivery processes also raises various operational risks, such as package damage, loss, delivery delays, and distribution errors. This study aims to analyze the implementation of risk management in freight forwarding companies operating in Brebes Regency and to assess the effectiveness of the risk management practices applied. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, involving company management, operational staff, couriers, and customer service personnel. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and supported by average risk score analysis. The results show that most aspects of risk management fall into the high and very good categories, with an overall average score of 3.89. This indicates that the company has implemented risk management effectively, particularly in incident evaluation, risk measurement, and cooperation with insurance providers. Nevertheless, improvements are still needed in reducing the frequency of operational risks and enhancing the use of digital technology for risk monitoring to ensure a more comprehensive and sustainable risk management system.

This research aims to examine the effect of profit optimization on market reaction and the mediating role of tax avoidance in this relationship among insurance sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2023 period. Profit optimization is proxied by Return on Assets, market reaction by stock returns, and tax avoidance by the Effective Tax Rate. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the financial statements of 17 insurance sub-sector companies, with a final sample of 10 companies selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and path analysis. The results indicate that profit optimization has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. However, tax avoidance does not influence market reaction, and profit optimization also does not have a direct effect on market reaction. Furthermore, tax avoidance is able to mediate the effect of profit optimization on market reaction. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how earnings information quality, taxation strategies, and investor responses interact in shaping capital market dynamics within the insurance industry. The findings also provide a foundation for future research to explore external factors that may influence these relationships, offering additional academic value for strengthening subsequent studies.

Business entities often face bankruptcy risks due to various factors, including accounting errors, limited experience, or small-cap transactions. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated financial conditions for many companies, such as PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk., which experienced a significant revenue decline. Additionally, individuals may face bankruptcy due to reasons like job termination or business failures. The primary cause of bankruptcy lies in the imbalance between debt and income, often worsened by poor financial planning. Government regulations can help mitigate bankruptcy risks, such as through health insurance and credit restrictions. The bankruptcy process aims to provide fair resolutions between debtors and creditors while safeguarding public interests. Bankruptcy can also offer debtors the opportunity to restructure their debt, maintain economic stability, and prevent social loss. In practice, bankruptcy involves the management of the debtor's assets by a trustee and the proportional distribution of proceeds to creditors. The application of freedom of contract and legal certainty principles in debtor-creditor relationships is crucial to ensuring a transparent, efficient, and equitable process.

The Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) plays a crucial role in ensuring that Islamic insurance companies operate in accordance with sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the role of the SSB in overseeing products, contract types, and risk management practices used by Islamic insurance companies. To conduct this analysis, a literature review was used, compiling fatwas from the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and academic references on sharia governance. The results indicate that the SSB's role extends beyond issuing fatwas to conducting preventive and corrective supervision of the implementation of contracts such as tabarru' (a type of contract), wakalah bil ujrah (a type of contract), and mudharabah (a type of contract). The SSB also plays a role in evaluating investment feasibility to ensure compliance with halal principles. Although the presence of the SSB increases the trust of insurance participants, challenges remain, such as the limited number of sharia experts, the completeness of independent supervision, and the public's lack of understanding of the SSB's role. Therefore, capacity building of the SSB and strong cooperation with regulators are needed to ensure a more credible and sustainable Islamic insurance system.

PT. Sompo Insurance is one of the many insurance companies in Indonesia, and has many branches located in many countries. At PT. Sompo Insurance Indonesia writers will examine the relationship between the influence of leadership style and communication that will affect the performance of the team.. The sample in the study was 38 respondents using saturated sampling techniques, all populations in this study were used as research samples. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire method with a Likert scale. Based on the results of this study, the Leadership Style variable (X1) has a positive and significant influence on Team Performance (Y) obtained from the calculation of the calculation of the ttable > (4.217 > 1.690) with a significance level of 0.001 < 0.05. The Communication Variable (X2) has a positive and significant influence on Team Performance (Y). This is shown from the results of the calculation of the tcount > ttable (5.176 > 1.690 ) with a significant level of 0.001<0.05. Simultaneously, the variables of Work Environment (X1) and the variables of Employee Performance (X2) have a positive and significant influence on Team Performance (Y). This was obtained from the results of the calculation of Fcount of 171.585 with a significant level of 0.001 < 0.05 and Fcal > Ftabel (171.585 > 3.27). The results of the determination coefficient (R2) analysis obtained R Square of 0.907 or 90.7% were influenced by the Leadership Style variable (X1) and the Communication variable (X2) while the remaining 9.3% was influenced by other independent variables that were not studied in this study.

Islamic insurance (takaful) is a financial instrument that functions not only as risk protection but also as an investment tool based on sharia principles. So far, the most commonly applied tijarah contracts in Islamic insurance are limited to wakalah bil ujrah and mudharabah. In fact, the development of modern society’s needs requires the diversification of contracts so that the offered products become more varied and competitive. This study aims to analyze the potential optimization of other tijarah contracts, such as musyarakah, murabahah, ijarah, and istishna’, in the development of Islamic insurance products. The research method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, which involves reviewing literature, journals, DSN-MUI fatwas, and related regulations. The findings indicate that the application of other tijarah contracts has the potential to enrich Islamic insurance product variations, enhance transparency in fund management, and strengthen the competitiveness of Islamic insurance compared to conventional insurance. Furthermore, the diversification of contracts can provide solutions to the limited and monotonous business models of Islamic insurance. However, several challenges arise, including the absence of specific regulations governing these contracts, limited public understanding, and technical complexities in implementation. This study recommends the active role of regulators, especially DSN-MUI and OJK, in formulating clearer regulations and encouraging Islamic insurance companies to innovate by applying diverse sharia-based contracts. Thus, the optimization of other tijarah contracts will not only strengthen the existence of Islamic insurance in Indonesia but also fulfill society’s demand for financial products that are halal, innovative, and competitive.

Unstable financial conditions in insurance companies can serve as an early indicator of potential bankruptcy, which may have wide-ranging impacts on policyholders, shareholders, and the overall stability of the financial sector. Therefore, early detection of bankruptcy risk is critically important. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Springate model in identifying potential bankruptcy among insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period. The Springate model was chosen due to its simplicity and its ability to provide quantitative insights into a company's financial condition. Data were collected from the annual financial statements of 16 companies selected through purposive sampling based on the completeness and consistency of their financial reporting. The model applies the S-Score calculation as the basis for classifying companies into financial distress or non-financial distress categories. The analysis revealed that six companies consistently exhibited signs of financial difficulty, with three of them identified as being in a state of financial distress for three consecutive years. Meanwhile, the other ten companies demonstrated stable and healthy financial conditions throughout the observation period. These findings indicate that the Springate model is reasonably practical as an early detection tool for bankruptcy risk, particularly in the insurance sector, which is influenced by various internal factors such as risk management, as well as external factors like economic fluctuations and government regulations. Therefore, this model can be utilized as a decision-support tool for both management and investors in making strategic financial decisions.

This study aims to analyze and determine how managerial ownership, firm size, leverage, and capital structure affect financial performance in insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The study focused on 15 companies that met the sample criteria and were deemed representative of the Indonesian insurance industry during that period. The data used in this study were sourced from officially published company financial reports. Furthermore, the data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2018 and SPSS version 25 software to ensure accurate analysis results. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression, as it is considered appropriate for testing the influence of more than one independent variable on the dependent variable. This approach allows the researchers to identify whether each independent variable has a significant effect on financial performance when tested simultaneously. The results showed consistent findings across all variables. First, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This indicates that the higher the managerial ownership, the better the alignment of interests between managers and shareholders, leading to improved financial outcomes. Second, company size also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, meaning the larger the company, the better the performance. Furthermore, leverage has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This suggests that optimal use of debt can enhance company performance by providing additional resources for growth. Finally, capital structure also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, indicating that the right combination of debt and equity can increase company value. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of financial and managerial decisions in shaping the performance of insurance companies in Indonesia during the observed period.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of the life insurance sector to economic growth and financial system stability in Indonesia during the period from 2013 to 2022. Using a quantitative approach and linear regression method, the study finds a positive and statistically significant relationship between life insurance premiums and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. Additionally, the life insurance sector acts as a long-term funding provider that supports financial market stability through investments in financial instruments such as government bonds. These findings indicate that the life insurance industry not only offers financial protection for individuals but also serves as a key pillar of economic development and financial system resilience. The study recommends enhancing insurance inclusion, financial literacy, and strengthening regulation and corporate governance in life insurance companies to fully leverage their potential contribution to Indonesia’s economy

The insurance business in an insurance company offers insurance products owned by insurance companies. There are many transactions such as the purchase of insurance products and the application of disbursement of insurance benefits to customers, so that disputes occur in the reports generated every month and this does not become effective and time-efficient as needed. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a website-based real-time insurance transaction reporting monitoring system. This research method involves the development of a web-based system designed to monitor and report insurance transactions directly, as well as the evaluation of system performance using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research stages include needs analysis, system design and development, implementation, and system testing and evaluation in insurance companies. The results of the study show that a website-based system can facilitate evaluation Monitoring the results of reports on ongoing transactions, so that reports every month can be formed digitally through the system that has been created.  

This study aims to analyze the comparison of solvency levels and claim payment abilities between two general insurance companies in Indonesia, PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk (ASDM) and PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk (ASJT), considering the macroeconomic conditions in 2023. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses based on the audited financial statements and annual reports of both companies, as well as a review of macroeconomic data from official sources. The findings indicate that ASDM and ASJT managed to achieve positive performance despite economic challenges, with ASJT recording higher growth in premiums and net income. Both companies maintained solvency ratios above regulatory thresholds and controlled claims ratios. Business strategy adaptation, sound governance, and effective risk management contributed to these achievements. Macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates were found to influence the performance of both companies, with varying levels of sensitivity depending on their market segment focus. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the insurance business in Indonesia and highlight opportunities and challenges that industry stakeholders need to anticipate..

This study aims to evaluate the operational efficiency of PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk in 2023 using the operating expense to revenue ratio (Expense Ratio). The data used is the company's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results show that PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk successfully improved its operational efficiency significantly, with a decrease in the Expense Ratio by 17.24% to 48% compared to the previous year. This efficiency improvement was driven by strong net premium income growth, effective operating expense control, and investments in digitalization. Compared to the general insurance industry average in Indonesia, PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk demonstrates a better level of efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of operational efficiency for the profitability and competitiveness of insurance companies, as well as the relevance of technology adoption in enhancing efficiency. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

This study aims to analyze and compare the financial performance of PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk and PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk in 2023 using the DuPont analysis method. The data used in this study are the financial statements of both companies for the year ended December 31, 2023. The analysis was conducted by calculating the net profit margin (NPM), total asset turnover (TATO), financial leverage (EM), and return on equity (ROE) of each company. The results indicate that PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk achieved better financial performance with an ROE of 5.66%, while the ROE of PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk was only 1.24%. PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk outperformed in TATO and EM, whereas PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk demonstrated a higher NPM. These findings provide practical implications for insurance company management and investors in decision-making processes. However, this study has limitations in terms of sample size, time period, and its focus on financial factors. Further research is needed to explore non-financial factors influencing the performance of insurance companies.

Article 26 of the Indonesian Income Tax Law (PPh Pasal 26) is a significant fiscal regulation that imposes withholding tax on income derived from Indonesian sources and received by foreign taxpayers who do not have a permanent establishment (PE) in Indonesia. The implementation of this regulation plays a crucial role in securing state revenue from cross-border transactions while also addressing the issue of double taxation through Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs). Income subject to PPh 26 includes dividends, interest, royalties, rent, service fees, rewards, pensions, and insurance premiums. The standard withholding tax rate is 20% of the gross or estimated net income, although lower rates may apply depending on applicable tax treaties. The calculation method varies depending on the type of income and the existence of a DTAA. This article also highlights the importance of determining the beneficial owner in applying tax treaty benefits, as well as the challenges faced by companies and tax authorities in enforcement. A case study is presented to illustrate how PPh 26 is calculated on insurance and reinsurance transactions involving foreign entities. Understanding the mechanism, rates, and legal context of PPh 26 is essential for taxpayers and practitioners to ensure compliance and mitigate potential tax disputes.

The life insurance industry plays a strategic role in the national financial system, not only as a provider of protection against life risks such as premature death or critical illness, but also as an instrument of long-term fund accumulation. Increased public awareness of the importance of risk protection has driven significant growth in the number of active policies. This condition has a direct impact on the risk exposure of claims that must be carefully managed by insurance companies. One of the main challenges in risk management is to accurately estimate the number of claims in a certain period, to support premium setting, technical reserve planning, and maintain the company's financial stability. This study aims to examine the use of Poisson regression model in estimating the frequency of life insurance claims based on the number of active policies in life insurance company. The data used is simulative and represents an exponential relationship between the number of policies and claims. The model is analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach and evaluated through goodness-of-fit indicators such as deviance, Pearson chi-square, log-likelihood, and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results of the analysis show that the Poisson regression model can capture the significant relationship pattern between the number of active policies and claims, and provide accurate prediction results. Thus, Poisson regression is proven to be a relevant and applicable statistical method in supporting strategic decision-making in insurance companies, especially in the context of data-driven risk management.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection for insurance customers in the settlement of policy claims at PT Asuransi Bumi Putera, with reference to Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The main problem faced by customers is the delay in payment of claims, which is contrary to the main purpose of insurance to compensate for losses experienced by customers. Based on available data, many claims have not been paid, indicating the non-compliance of insurance companies with their obligations. This research examines the forms of legal protection regulated in the Consumer Protection Law, particularly regarding the customer's right to obtain clear information, compensation, and dispute resolution. In addition, this study also highlights the preventive and repressive aspects of legal protection, where preventive protection aims to prevent disputes from occurring, while repressive protection provides legal avenues for aggrieved customers to obtain compensation. While the law has provided a clear basis of protection, consistent implementation and enforcement are still needed to ensure customer rights are fulfilled. This research is expected to contribute to improving legal protection for insurance customers in Indonesia, as well as encouraging insurance companies to fulfill their obligations in a timely manner in accordance with applicable regulations.

This article discusses the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) integration on the general insurance underwriting model. This study used a Narrative Literature Review (NLR) to review relevant literature. The NLR review was conducted on scientific publications, industry reports, regulatory documents related to ESG, and general insurance underwriting from 2019 to 2025. The reviewed literature shows that adopting ESG factors in the underwriting process changes risk assessment and creates more sustainable practices in the insurance industry. The analysis results show that companies with higher ESG scores have better underwriting performance and attract more investment while increasing stakeholder trust, including an increasing trend of ESG factor integration into the underwriting process, especially in risk assessment and premium determination. Regulatory changes encourage insurance companies to adopt underwriting practices that consider more environmental and social aspects. This study also identifies challenges in implementation, including the limited standardized ESG data and the need to increase human resource capacity. The implications of this study provide insights for regulators and industry players in developing underwriting policies and strategies that are more responsive to ESG issues, as well as highlighting opportunities for ESG-based insurance product innovation in the future.

A good archive storage system can be an indicator that a company has done good archive management. If the archive storage system in a company is not well organized, employees will find it difficult to find the documents needed in a short time. The purpose of this research is to find out the storage system used and the steps in storing and finding dynamic archives in one of the companies engaged in insurance. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, and uses non-probability sampling techniques. The results showed that active dynamic archive storage uses a sequential number storage system. However, some parts use two storage systems depending on the  document type. Storing dynamic archives consists of three steps: checking, sorting, and storing. For the step of finding back dynamic archives, there are two ways: manually and digitally. However, no system manages dynamic archives to speed up the retrieval of dynamic archives. For archives that have become inactive archives, they will be submitted to the General Section for further storage at the vendor.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed marketing strategies in various industries, including insurance. Digital marketing plays a crucial role in increasing brand awareness, attracting potential customers, and influencing purchasing decisions. This study aims to explore the role of digital marketing as a promotional tool in enhancing the purchase of insurance products at PT. Asuransi Allianz Life Indonesia using a qualitative approach.This research adopts a qualitative methodology with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with key informants (Chief Account Officer Allianz) and insurance agents at Allianz Life Indonesia. Additionally, document analysis and observations of the company’s digital marketing strategies were used to gain comprehensive insights. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and key themes related to the effectiveness of digital marketing in influencing customer decisions.The findings reveal that digital marketing plays a significant role in shaping customer perceptions and purchasing decisions. Social media engagement, personalized content, and interactive customer communication are key factors in building trust and increasing customer interest in insurance products. Moreover, challenges such as digital competition, data privacy concerns, and customer skepticism towards online promotions were identified as barriers that need to be addressed to enhance digital marketing effectiveness.The study implies that insurance companies should continuously adapt their digital marketing strategies by leveraging data analytics, improving customer interaction, and providing transparent and informative content. By strengthening these aspects, digital marketing can serve as a powerful tool to enhance competitiveness and sustain growth in the insurance industry within the digital era.

The basic principle of knowing the customer is an important aspect in an insurance company. Insurance companies are required to have guidelines for the principle of knowing the customer in order to analyse prospective customers and monitor transactions made by customers. In the decision study that the author made as the object of research, the result is that the application of the customer principle has not been able to overcome the crime of money laundering. So the importance of internal supervision of the insurance company to more firmly apply the principle of knowing the customer so that then the crime of money laundering can be overcome. Money laundering is an act of disguising illegal actions and then turning them into assets that seem legal. There are many types of initial actions to commit money laundering offences. In this research are: 1) Can the application of the principle of knowing the customer overcome the crime of money laundering in Decision Number 538/Pid.Sus/2023/Pn.Jkt.Sel? (2) What are the obstacles faced in the application of the principle of knowing the customer in Decision Number 538/Pid.Sus/2023/Pn.Jkt.Sel? This research uses normative juridical research. The research approach used is the statutory approach method.