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Underpricing continues to be a prominent issue within the Indonesian capital market, as many firms conducting an Initial Public Offering (IPO) tend to set initial share prices below their subsequent market value. This research investigates the moderating role of underwriter reputation in the relationship between profitability, financial leverage, and earnings per share (EPS) on IPO underpricing among firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Utilizing a purposive sampling technique, the study analyzes data from 176 companies. The data are processed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of STATA software. The findings reveal that profitability, measured by return on assets (ROA), significantly influences underpricing. In contrast, financial leverage (proxied by the debt-to-equity ratio) and EPS show no statistically significant effect. Moreover, underwriter reputation is shown to moderate the negative impact of both ROA and EPS on underpricing but does not moderate the relationship between the debt-to-equity ratio and underpricing. These results offer valuable insights into signaling theory and information asymmetry, highlighting the importance of firm fundamentals and intermediary reputation in IPO pricing strategies. The study contributes to a better understanding for investors, issuers, and regulators involved in the IPO decision-making process.

This study examines the legal protections and enforcement mechanisms against securities dilution in technology‐sector issuers adopting multiple voting rights stock classifications following an initial public offering (IPO) under Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 22/POJK.04/2021. It addresses two core issues: the adequacy of minority shareholder safeguards embedded within the regulatory framework and the nature and extent of share dilution experienced by existing investors in dual‐class structures. Employing a normative legal research design with a doctrinal approach, the analysis draws on primary sources including UU No. 40/2007, UU No. 4/2023, POJK 22/POJK.04/2021, issuer prospectuses, and PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia’s 2022–2024 annual reports complemented by secondary literature and tertiary legal references. Findings reveal that POJK 22/POJK.04/2021 integrates quantitative limits (a 90 percent cap on aggregate superior voting rights), procedural safeguards (minimum 5 percent ordinary‐shareholder quorum and independent renewal approval), temporal constraints (10‐year sunset clause), and one‐share‐one‐vote requirements for critical corporate actions, alongside a novel graduated voting ratio system. The GoTo case study underscores persistent misalignment between cash‐flow and voting rights, marked by significant share price volatility and reliance on share buybacks rather than dilutive issuances. While the regulatory framework is comprehensive, its efficacy is contingent on robust enforcement, transparency of indirect ownership, and institutional maturity. Empirical evaluation of post‐IPO dilution events, minority litigation outcomes, and enforcement actions is recommended to assess real‐world impacts.

Capital structure is a strategic decision made by companies in determining the combination of debt and equity financing. Financial market dynamics can influence companies' strategies for obtaining financing for expansion, operations, or financial restructuring. Companies have the flexibility to determine when and how to obtain financing by considering market conditions, a practice known as market timing. This study aims to examine the impact of market timing on capital structure and to determine the persistent long-term effects of market timing. The research focuses on non-financial companies that conducted an initial public offering (IPO) in 2020-2021, with a population of 105 companies. A purposive sampling technique was employed, using specific criteria, resulting in a sample of 65 companies. The data used are secondary data analyzed using multiple linear regression with panel data. The results indicate that market timing, measured by the market-to-book ratio, has a significant negative impact on capital structure. The study also shows that market timing, does not have a persistent impact on capital structure in the long term. Companies tend to take advantage of momentum when stock valuations are high by conducting initial public offerings, while in the long term, companies tend to make adjustments, so the impact of market timing does not last long.

Startups in Indonesia are growing very quickly which has an impact on the economy in Indonesia. High public enthusiasm is proven by Indonesia being one of the 5 countries with the highest number of startups in the world. There are several startups with good financial valuations that can be said to be unicoms or even decacorns. In this process, capital cannot be separated from the strategies taken by the Company. One alternative funding is to carry out an Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). Until 2022, the startup that has carried out an IPO is PT. Goto Gojek Tokopedia conducted a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT) analysis on the two companies to analyze the company's business strategy model. Method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method and a data collection process by conducting literature studies from accredited scientific publication and digital news sources.    

Underpricing merupakan sebuah fenomena initial public offering yang sering terjadi di pasar modal dan telah dibuktikan oleh para peneliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh current ratio, return on asset, debt to equity ratio, reputasi undewriter dan jenis industri terhadap underpricing. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling pada sampel perusahaan yang melakukan initial public offering (IPO) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2020-2021.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda, dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel dan Eviews9. Dengan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan current ratio, return on asset, debt to equity ratio, reputasi undewriter dan jenis industri mempengaruhi underpricing sebesar 55.35%. Secara parsial current ratio berpengaruh negatif terhadap underpricing sebesar 0.0480 < 0.05 dan debt to equity ratio berpengaruh positif terhadap underpricing sebesar 0.0002 < 0.05, sedangkan return on asset, reputasi undewriter dan jenis industri tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap underpricing.