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The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has opened up considerable possibilities for automation systems aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in both home and office settings. This study focuses on the creation and deployment of an IoT-driven Smart Home system utilizing ESP32 for the automatic and manual supervision and regulation of electrical appliances within the Employee Dormitory of the Institute for Lecturer Performance Development (LPKD). The established system employs a Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor for detecting human presence and a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to assess the intensity of light in the room. The data from these sensors is analyzed by the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls lights and fans automatically through relay modules based on the surrounding conditions. Furthermore, the system is linked to the Blynk application and the Telegram Bot API to enable remote operation and immediate notifications. The methodological approach taken in this research is Research and Development (R&D) employing a prototyping method. The assessment outcomes show that the system functions reliably, with success rates for sensor detection and appliance management exceeding 95%. The introduction of this system aims to boost electrical energy efficiency, improve user experience, and facilitate the adoption of IoT-centered smart facility management within the LPKD framework.

Computers in one of the network companies at PT. Estrada uses the Fortinet operating system. The final result expected through this implementation is to comprehensively see the capabilities of the firewall on Fortinet in overcoming the problem of blocking social media applications and streaming platforms during working hours. Blocking the application in question is the ability to filter web processes such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, etc. In the tests carried out, web filtering was able to block applications on social media and streaming platforms, which proves that the performance of web filtering is quite good. In analyzing web filtering performance, use the office hour rule tool by carrying out the rule schedule in the Fortinet network and displaying all the information in detail. The final result obtained in the network application filtering simulation process using Fortinet is that every network sent cannot be entered (blocked) on both social media applications and streaming platforms.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L) ) is one of the most important horticultural commodities widely consumed in Indonesia and has high economic value. To maintain productivity and prevent pest attacks, farmers commonly apply chemical pesticides intensively. However, excessive and improper pesticide application can leave harmful residues on the surface and within the tissues of chili fruits. The accumulation of these residues not only poses health risks to consumers but also contributes to environmental pollution, particularly in wastewater generated from chili washing activities. This study aims to reduce pesticide residues of Cherizeb and Emacel in chili washing water using the photolysis methodassisted by a ZnO/zeolite catalyst. Zinc oxide (ZnO) acts as a photocatalyst activated by ultraviolet (UV) light to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) capable of decomposing complex organic compounds into simpler compounds such as CO₂ and H₂O. Meanwhile, zeolite is used as a catalyst support due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity, allowing adsorption and photocatalytic processes to occur simultaneously. The results showed that the photolysis method using the ZnO/zeolite catalyst significantly reduced pesticide residues, with optimum degradation efficiencies of 85.66% for Cherizeb using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 60 minutes, and 83.97% for Emacel using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 75 minutes. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups, indicating the disappearance of specific organic functional groups. Pesticide residues on chili samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine concentrations before and after treatment. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of the catalyst remained stable after the photolysis process. Based on these findings, the ZnO/zeolite catalyst is proven to be effective in reducing pesticide residues through photocatalytic degradation and has the potential to be applied as a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly post-harvest technology to improve the quality of agricultural products.

The Low Voltage Main Distribution Panel (LVMDP) is a critical component in industrial power distribution systems, functioning to regulate, control, and distribute electrical energy to various production equipment. During operation, LVMDP panels often operate under high electrical loads, which may lead to temperature increases in their components. Undetected temperature rise can result in performance degradation, equipment failure, and even fire hazards. Therefore, an effective monitoring method is required to detect the condition of electrical components at an early stage. This study aims to analyze the temperature difference (ΔT) of LVMDP components using the Infrared Thermography method as part of predictive maintenance. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with data collected through direct observation from July 1 to July 31 at PT. Dongjin Indonesia. The data consist of hotspot and ambient temperatures measured from several panel components, which are then analyzed to calculate the temperature difference (ΔT) as an indicator of component operating conditions. The results indicate that the highest temperature difference is 26.5 °C in the capacitor bank, while the lowest is 4 °C in other components. All ΔT values are below the threshold limit of 50 °C, indicating that the LVMDP components are in safe operating conditions and do not require corrective actions. Thus, Infrared Thermography is proven to be an effective method for early detection of component conditions and can enhance the reliability and safety of industrial power distribution systems.

Achilles tendon rupture is a common lower extremity injury that significantly affects functional mobility and gait performance. Post-operative patients frequently experience pain, edema, limited range of motion (ROM), muscle weakness, and impaired ambulation. Physiotherapy rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring tissue integrity and functional capacity. This case study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of combined electrotherapy modalities and therapeutic exercises in a post-operative left Achilles tendon rupture patient. The intervention included ultrasound therapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), infrared therapy, dry needling combined with Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), and progressive therapeutic exercises such as isometric training and calf raises. Clinical outcomes were evaluated through ROM measurement, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), edema observation, and gait analysis across four therapy sessions. Results demonstrated gradual improvement in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ROM, reduction of edema, increased gastrocnemius-soleus muscle strength, and restoration of independent ambulation without assistive devices. The multimodal physiotherapy approach appears to support tendon healing, enhance neuromuscular activation, and accelerate functional recovery during the subacute post-operative phase.

Derivatives of substituted oxazol-5-one (1–3) and substituted oxazolo-isoxazole (4–6) were successfully synthesized through a multi-step reaction process. Initially, glycine was reacted with acetic anhydride to produce acetyl glycine as a key intermediate. This intermediate subsequently underwent a condensation reaction with various substituted benzaldehydes, leading to the formation of oxazol-5-one derivatives (1–3). In the final synthetic step, these oxazol-5-one derivatives were reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to yield the corresponding oxazolo-isoxazole compounds (4–6). The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were carried out to evaluate the potential biological interactions of the prepared compounds. Docking simulations were performed using PyRx software, while visualization and interaction analysis were conducted employing PyMOL and Discovery Studio. The combined experimental and computational approaches provide valuable insights into the structural properties and potential biological relevance of the synthesized compounds.

Extrinsic skin aging or photoaging occurs due to repeated and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). Photoaging prevention can be done, one of which is the use of sunscreen. This literature review aims to review the role of sunscreen in photoaging prevention using a variety of existing literature. Sunscreen plays an important role in preventing skin damage caused by sunlight, especially in preventing and repairing skin damage due to sun exposure (photoaging). The addition of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, melatonin, polyphenols, Polypodium leucotomos (PLE) extract as well as enzymes such as photoliase and T4N5 has been shown to increase protection against UV, visible light, and infrared-A rays and help repair skin damage. The use of colored sunscreen is recommended for protection from visible light. In addition, education on how to use sunscreen properly, such as reapplying every two to three hours and selecting the appropriate SPF and PA, also plays a big role in maximizing the effectiveness of skin protection from photoaging.

This study discusses the design and development of an automatic safety system for a wood cutting machine using Arduino Uno, a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor, and a servo motor as the main components. The system is designed to automatically stop the movement of the wood cutting machine when human motion is detected around the cutting area, thereby minimizing the risk of work-related accidents. The research method includes hardware design, microcontroller programming, and system response testing using two types of test objects: the human body and a wooden block. The results show that the system operates according to the programmed logic. When the PIR sensor detects human motion, the servo motor stops and the red LED lights up as a danger indicator. In contrast, when no human motion is detected, the servo motor continues to move normally and the green LED remains on as a safe indicator. The system’s average response time is 0.6 seconds, indicating a fast and accurate performance. Therefore, the designed system is considered effective and can serve as a prototype of a simple safety tool to enhance operator safety in wood cutting machines.

This study reports the green synthesis of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) using virgin olive oil as a natural and environmentally benign reducing agent. The approach aims to minimize the environmental impacts associated with conventional synthesis routes. Structural and physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful formation of nanoscale V₂O₅. X‑ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated an average crystallite size of approximately 16.57 nm, evidencing high crystallinity. Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed characteristic V=O and V–O–V vibrations with bands associated with physisorbed water, confirming the correct oxide framework. Field‑emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‑SEM) showed irregularly shaped nanoparticles with a representative particle diameter of ~32.62 nm. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analyses yielded a specific surface area of 10.817 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.024277 cm³/g, and a broad mesoporous distribution (20–90 nm). Energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the purity of V₂O₅ with weight fractions of V (69.40%) and O (30.60%), consistent with the stoichiometric composition. Overall, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of olive oil as a green reducing agent for preparing nanoscale V₂O₅, which is promising for catalysis, energy storage, sensors, and clean‑energy applications.

Power transformer theft, a pervasive issue disrupting critical infrastructure, necessitates the development of cost-effective and energy-autonomous security solutions. This paper presents the design and implementation of a detection-focused anti-theft framework that integrates a Raspberry Pi Zero W, camera module, and passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors powered by a solar system for continuous monitoring. The system is designed for remote, off-grid deployment, utilizing a headless Raspberry Pi powered by a 5V solar panel and power bank to ensure energy autonomy. Upon motion detection, captured images are processed on the edge device using OpenCV’s Haar Cascade classifier, optimized for upper-body detection to minimize false positives and verify human presence. Captured images are processed locally on the edge device using OpenCV’s Haar Cascade classifier to confirm human presence before an alert is sent to the mobile application, emphasizing real-time operation and low latency. Once an intrusion is confirmed, the images are saved locally and uploaded via the Secure File Transfer Protocol to a custom-developed Android application. The app provides a dedicated remote monitoring interface, enabling secure file transfer and system access, while providing users with immediate notifications and image management capabilities. The system emphasizes low power consumption, real-time operation, and low deployment cost. Tests over 200 triggered events under varied environmental conditions achieved 90% detection accuracy with an average latency of 4.5 s. Solar autonomy was maintained for approximately 24 h under normal operation. It is concluded that the integration of solar power, edge computing of images, and mobile monitoring provides a feasible, scalable, and financially viable framework for securing transformers, especially in resource-constrained environments.

Disc discs are the main component in a motorcycle braking system that functions to convert kinetic energy into heat energy through friction. The geometric design of the disc, including the diameter and number of holes, affects the effectiveness of braking as well as the heat dissipation ability. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in diameter and number of holes on disc discs on braking distance and disc temperature. The research method used was an experimental method with three variations in disc diameter (190 mm, 220 mm, and 260 mm) and three variations in the number of holes (30, 36, and 42 holes). The test was carried out through a controlled braking procedure at an initial speed of 40 km/h on flat road surfaces with stable weather conditions. Braking distance data is measured using ultrasonic sensors, while disc temperature is recorded with a high-accuracy infrared thermometer. The results showed that the diameter of the disc disc had the most significant influence on the braking distance. The larger the diameter, the greater the braking moment resulting so that the stopping distance becomes shorter. The number of holes in the disc also plays a role in heat dissipation because the holes enlarge the heat dissipation area. However, the increase in the number of holes tends to slightly increase the braking distance due to a reduction in the area of frictional contact field. The most optimal configuration is found on a 260 mm diameter disc with 42 holes, which results in the shortest braking distance of 8.25 meters and the lowest temperature rise of 4.47°C.  Statistical analysis using Two-Way ANOVA confirmed that the diameter and number of holes had a significant effect individually, but there was no significant interaction between the two. These findings confirm that the selection of the right disc dimensions is critical to improving braking performance, thermal efficiency, and rider safety.

Low Back Pain (LBP) is often caused by spondylolisthesis, which causes pain, limited mobility, and disability. Conservative physiotherapy is the primary option to reduce symptoms and improve function. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal physiotherapy interventions in patients with LBP and spondylolisthesis. A case report study was conducted on a 59-year-old female patient diagnosed with LBP and spondylolisthesis. The patient underwent three physiotherapy intervention sessions: Infrared (IR), Short-Wave Diathermy (SWD), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), William Flexion Exercise, Core Stability, and Strengthening. Evaluation was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, a goniometer for joint range of motion (LGS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for muscle strength, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for function. The results of the therapy showed a significant reduction in pain, namely silent pain from a score of 5 to 1 and pain on movement from a score of 6 to 3. Lumbar ROM increased with flexion from 70 degrees to 85 degrees. Lumbar muscle strength also improved, flexors from a score of 4 to 5 and extensors from a score of 3 to 5. ODI decreased from 55.5% (severe disability category) to 12% (minimal disability category). Multimodal physiotherapy interventions have been proven effective in reducing pain, improving LGS, muscle strength, and function in patients with LBP et causa spondylolisthesis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative conditions in older adults, often causing pain and limited range of motion (ROM), which negatively affects quality of life. Physiotherapy management plays an important role in reducing pain, improving flexibility, and maintaining joint function. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain and improving ROM in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method: A case study was conducted on a 63-year-old patient at Dr. Soedjono Level II Hospital, Magelang, who underwent three therapy sessions consisting of Infrared (IR), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) with the hold-relax technique, and static cycling. Assessments were carried out using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Likert Gait Scale (LGS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: The findings showed a significant reduction in pain on palpation (from 4/10 to 1/10), improvement in knee flexion ROM (from 110° to 135°), and functional enhancement indicated by a decrease in WOMAC scores from 39.58% to 27.08%. Conclusion: These results suggest that structured physiotherapy interventions provide therapeutic benefits in reducing pain, improving joint flexibility, and enhancing functional ability in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of the double salt copper(II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate, Cu(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O. The study aims to obtain the compound in crystalline form and evaluate its properties through yield calculation, solubility testing, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The synthesis involved reacting copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) under controlled conditions, followed by crystallization. The process produced 10.84 grams of crystalline Cu(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O with an 86.23% yield, indicating efficient synthesis. Solubility tests showed that the crystals were polar, soluble in polar solvents like water and hydrochloric acid (HCl), partially soluble in ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), and insoluble in less polar solvents like ethanol and chloroform (CHCl3). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as O–H, N–H, and S–O stretching vibrations, supporting the proposed molecular structure. The findings demonstrate that Cu(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O can be efficiently synthesized, and its physicochemical properties align with theoretical expectations. This study contributes to the understanding of double salt synthesis and characterization, relevant for inorganic chemistry, material science, and potential applications in catalysis and coordination chemistry.

Asthma is a non-communicable lung disease, with symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing and repeated coughing. Attacks can last for only a few minutes, hours, days or up to several weeks. The therapy given in this case using Infra red aims to relax the respiratory muscles and also improve blood circulation. Chest physiotherapy includes a nebulizer which aims to deliver drugs in the form of gas that can be inhaled by the patient's respiratory tract. Postural Drainage aims to drain mucus from various segments in the lungs to the larger airways with the help of gravity. Tappotement aims to divert sputum from the lungs. Works This Scientific Writing is a case study, raising patient cases and collecting data through the physiotherapy process. The modality provided is Infra red and Chest physiotherapy. The results showed significant improvements after six therapy sessions. Cough intensity decreased from frequent to no cough, while shortness of breath reduced from moderate to none. Auscultation revealed that wheezing and ronchi sounds, initially present in both lungs, eventually disappeared. Additionally, thoracic expansion improved, and the respiratory rate, initially 32 breaths per minute, decreased to 24 breaths per minute, approaching normal levels. In conclusion the combination of Infrared therapy and Chest physiotherapy is effective in managing Bronchial Asthma, particularly in reducing sputum production, improving thoracic expansion, and normalizing breathing patterns. This therapy can serve as a supportive approach in pediatric physiotherapy for respiratory disorders caused by inflammation and mucus accumulation.

Pneumonia ialah penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah yang bersifat akut pada parenkim paru meliputi alveolus dan jaringan interential yang dikarenakan mikroorganisme seperti jamur, virus dan bakteri. Mikroorganisme yang masuk ke saluran pernafasan bagian bawah dapat mengganggu proses pernapasan serta membuat saluran pernapasan tidak berfungsi secara optimal, sehingga proses keluar masuk oksigen juga terhambat dan mengakibatkan gangguan pada pola napas. Beberapa permasalahan lain yang ditimbulkan dari pneumonia seperti adanya penumpukan sputum, otot bantu pernapasan, penurunan ekspansi thoraks dan juga nyeri dada. Dalam perawatanya, tenaga medis berperan dalam pemberian antibiotik selama 8 jam setelah pasien mengalami perawatan serta fisioterapi berperan dalam pemberian intervensi penyinaran Infrared, Chest physiotherapy, dan Myofascial release. Penelitian ini bersifat studi kasus yang mengangkat satu kasus pasien serta mengumpulkan data melalui proses fisioterapi. Intervensi fisioterapi dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali pertemuan di Rumah Sakit dr. Ario Wirawan, Salatiga dengan menggunakan Infrared, Chest physiotherapy yang meliputi Postural Drainage, Clapping, Vibrasi, Latihan Batuk Efektif, Pursed Lip Breathing dan Myofascial release. Setelah menjalani 4 kali terapi, diperoleh hasil kondisi pasien yang mengalami penurunan nyeri dada, penurunan tingkat sesak napas, peningkatan ekspansi thoraks, berkurangnya spasme otot bantu pernapasan dan retensi sputum.

Methane gas detection is crucial in the oil and gas sector to enhance safety and operational efficiency. This study examines the impact of three types of gas detectors—catalytic, infrared, and ultrasonic sensors—on accuracy and response time. The research was conducted at PT PHM's onshore and offshore sites to evaluate sensor performance in operational environments. A quantitative approach with direct field observation was used. Data were collected by measuring methane gas concentrations indicated by detectors, which were then compared to standard gas concentrations. Response times were recorded when the detectors were exposed to methane concentrations of 2.5% LEL until the alarm triggered at 40% of full scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, normality test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests. The results show that the infrared detector had a response time of 2.87 seconds with an accuracy of 0.218%. The catalytic detector had a response time of 8.91 seconds and accuracy of 0.489% and the ultrasonic detector had a response time of 6.15 seconds and accuracy of 0.842%. Overall, the infrared detector demonstrated the best performance in response time and is recommended for use at PT PHM.

Radius fracture and supracondylar joint stiffness are common post-traumatic complications that can reduce upper extremity function and limit daily activities. These problems are generally accompanied by pain, decreased range of motion (LGS), and muscle strength, thus disrupting the patient's functional independence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal physiotherapy interventions in improving the clinical condition of patients with post-ORIF radius fractures and supracondylar joint stiffness. This study is a case study of a 47-year-old male patient treated at Panembahan Senopati Bantul Regional Hospital. Physiotherapy interventions were carried out twice, with modalities consisting of infrared therapy, muscle release techniques, assisted active exercises, strengthening exercises, and hold-relax techniques. Clinical evaluation was carried out using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for muscle strength, goniometer for LGS, and Mayo Elbow Score for joint function. The results of the study showed a decrease in pain levels, an increase in LGS and muscle strength, and an improvement in daily activity function. The synthesis of these findings indicates that multimodal physiotherapy interventions have a positive clinical impact on postoperative joint stiffness and musculoskeletal disorders. In conclusion, a combination of various physiotherapy techniques is effective in addressing pain, mobility limitations, and functional impairment in patients with post-ORIF radius fractures and supracondylar joint stiffness, and underscores the importance of a comprehensive and individualized rehabilitation approach.

Predictive Maintenance is a maintenance activity that focuses on monitoring equipment conditions in real-time and analyzing data to predict potential failures before they occur, allowing repairs to be made in a timely manner before major damage occurs. One of the methods used in predictive maintenance is "Infrared Thermography” or use of technology thermal imaging technology. In the context of predictive maintenance, thermography can be used to identify problems that are not visible to the naked eye, such as poor electrical connections, excessive heat buildup, or damage to components that cause heat leakage The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Predictive Maintenance with Infrared Thermography method on electrical equipment at PT PHM. The method used in this research is the observation method with primary and secondary data collection. The results showed that the implementation of predictive maintenance with the Infrared Thermography method on electrical equipment and systems at PT PHM was effective in helping the company avoid unnecessary costs and improve operational efficiency. Predictive maintenance allows companies to perform maintenance to identify potential damage before it occurs and can take preventive action so as to reduce repair costs, and operational productivity.

Knee stiffness is one of the most common complications experienced by patients with tibial fractures. It can weaken and limit accessory joint movement, inhibit muscle activation, impair gait pattern, and reduce the overall physiological range of motion. Surgical procedures may also affect functional capacity and decrease quality of life due to limitations in the patient's activities of daily living (ADL).This case report aims to explore the management and effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in a case of knee stiffness. A single-subject research design was used to observe a patient, Mr. JP, aged 53 years, who complained of stiffness, pain, and muscle weakness in the left knee (genu sinistra) following trauma. The study was conducted in February 2025. Physiotherapy sessions were carried out every three days, for a total of four sessions. Interventions included Infrared therapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and exercise therapy in the form of passive forced exercises, hold-relax techniques, and active resisted exercises.Progress was observed from session T1 to T4, assessed through various parameters: pain levels measured by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), muscle strength evaluated using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), range of motion (ROM) assessed with a goniometer, and functional ability measured using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire. The physiotherapy intervention using Infrared, TENS, and therapeutic exercises (passive forced, hold-relax, and active resisted) showed improvements in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, enhancing joint ROM, and improving ADL performance in a patient with post-tibial fracture knee stiffness.