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This study aims to analyze the reconceptualization of national security in the digital era through the case of the 2021 Facebook data breach involving 533 million users across 106 countries. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into governance, economic activities, and social interactions, cyber threats have emerged as a significant challenge to contemporary security frameworks. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using library research methods, drawing upon academic literature, official reports, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that national security has evolved from a traditional military-centered concept toward a broader and multidimensional framework that includes cyber threats as a form of non-traditional security challenge. The Facebook data breach demonstrates how cyber threats transcend geographical boundaries, involve complex attribution problems, and generate multidimensional impacts on individuals, societies, economies, and states. Through the lens of Securitization Theory developed by Buzan, Wæver, and de Wilde (1998), the incident illustrates how data security has become securitized as a matter of national and international concern. Furthermore, the Human Security framework proposed by UNDP (1994) highlights the vulnerability of individuals whose personal information becomes exposed in the digital environment. This study concludes that cybersecurity should be recognized as a fundamental pillar of national security in the digital age, requiring comprehensive strategies that integrate technological resilience, data protection regulations, human resource development, and international cooperation.

The swift advancement of information technology has greatly influenced society, while also raising the threat of cybercrime. These offenses encompass the theft of social media accounts, unauthorized access to online information, and breaches of personal data security. This research intends to explore various types of cybercrime in Indonesia, the legal measures in place, and the obstacles law enforcement encounters when proving cybercrime incidents. The study adopts a qualitative method by reviewing literature, which includes laws, court rulings, academic articles, and reports from pertinent organizations. The findings reveal that even though laws like the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law establish a legal framework, there are still issues related to digital evidence, coordination between agencies, and the public's understanding of data security. Consequently, there is a need for a more thorough law enforcement approach, enhanced digital education, and collaborative efforts among the government, law enforcement agencies, and the community to effectively combat and manage cybercrime.

This study examines Terra Drone Indonesia's implementation of management dialogue in addressing crisis communication following a fire at the company's office building. The incident sparked a wave of negative sentiment on Instagram, marked by increased public comments assessing occupational safety, data security, and the company's transparency in conveying information related to the legal process. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method to understand how the company developed a crisis communication strategy through official statements published on social media. Data were analyzed based on dialogic elements of communication, particularly empathy for victims, humanitarian commitment, and the company's position and normative and defensive stance in affirming legal handling and compliance measures. The results show that the company attempted to balance an empathetic narrative to mitigate public pressure with a defensive strategy to maintain institutional legitimacy. However, the dynamics of public opinion on Instagram indicate that the company's response has not fully met the expectations of two-way communication. This is evident in the dominance of one-way communication patterns and the lack of technical clarifications needed by the public, thus creating a productive economic outlook. Overall, dialogic management has been implemented responsively, but has not been optimal in building a space for dialogue and public trust as a whole.

This research investigates the development of IT-based Automatic Identification System (AIS) data surveillance models supporting maritime safety through integration of advanced information technology, maritime engineering principles, and human factors optimization. AIS technology generates vast real-time vessel movement data creating unprecedented opportunities for safety enhancement through systematic surveillance, collision risk detection, traffic pattern analysis, and incident prevention, yet effectiveness depends critically on intelligent data processing algorithms, reliable IT infrastructure, and competent personnel capable of interpreting surveillance outputs and taking appropriate actions. Through qualitative analysis involving maritime safety authorities, vessel traffic service (VTS) operators, port authorities, marine engineers, IT specialists, data scientists, and maritime training institutions, this study examines how IT-based surveillance models incorporating pattern recognition, anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and crew-centered interfaces can transform maritime safety management from reactive incident response toward proactive risk prevention. Results demonstrate that intelligent AIS surveillance can identify 75-90% of high-risk situations 15-45 minutes before critical events, reduce collision risks by 60-80%, improve traffic management efficiency by 35-55%, and enhance crew situational awareness by 45-65% when integrated with appropriate training programs developing personnel competencies in data interpretation, system operation, and coordinated response. Key implementation challenges include data quality and completeness issues, computational infrastructure requirements, algorithm development complexity, personnel competency gaps requiring substantial training investments, organizational coordination barriers, and privacy/security concerns. Findings reveal that successful AIS surveillance implementation requires holistic sociotechnical approaches integrating IT systems engineering, maritime domain expertise, and human capability development through coordinated design, deployment, and training strategies. This research contributes to maritime safety literature by providing integrated frameworks for IT-based surveillance systems incorporating technical capabilities, operational requirements, and human factors supporting evidence-based safety management.

Information security incidents within government institutions have become a critical issue due to their potential impact on public trust and socio-economic stability. This study examines the social and economic impacts of information security incidents at the General Election Commission (KPU) of Jambi Province. The research aims to identify the types of security incidents that occurred, analyze their social and economic consequences, and evaluate mitigation efforts implemented by the institution. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, using data collection techniques including document analysis, media reports, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that information security incidents significantly affect public trust in electoral institutions, increase public anxiety regarding personal data protection, and generate additional economic costs related to system recovery, security enhancement, and administrative delays. Furthermore, the incidents also indirectly affect voter participation and institutional reputation. The study highlights the importance of strengthening information security governance, improving human resource awareness, and implementing comprehensive risk management strategies. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of more resilient information security policies in public sector institutions, particularly in electoral management bodies.

Tangerang City has the most applications in Indonesia, with 222 applications. All of these applications are supported by more than 100 servers located in the data center of the Tangerang City Communication and Information Agency. The large number of servers and applications that are managed brings up new problems in the midst of increasing complex cyber threats, especially in government data centers. One of them is how to monitor and respond quickly when there is an attack on the existing system. The implementation of a cyber security system based on Wazuh, Shuffle, and YARA is able to monitor threats in realtime and automate responses against attacks. Wazuh acts as a log-based monitoring and detection platform and behavior analysis, Shuffle is used to automate incident response through integrated workflow, and YARA is applied for signature-based malware identification. The PPDIOO (Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, Optimize) method used in this research is used as a framework in designing and evaluating the system. From the research conducted, it is expected that Wazuh successfully monitors anomalies that occur on the server which will then be forwarded to Shuffle to automate the next steps to be taken. YARA integrated with Wazuh also successfully detects and quarantines malicious files that enter the server automatically based on the available signature list.

This research examines in-depth legal protection against cybercrime in Indonesia, with a specific focus on ransomware attacks. It also evaluates the 2025 Draft Cyber Security and Resilience Law (RUU KKS) as a measure to strengthen the national cyber defense system. The increase in ransomware cases targeting personal data, public institutions, and vital infrastructure has posed a serious threat to information security and national stability. Although the 2008 Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the 2022 Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) serve as the legal basis, these two regulations do not yet specifically and comprehensively regulate ransomware. This results in challenges in law enforcement and victim protection, both in technical aspects, coordination, and human rights protection. The research method used is normative legal with a qualitative approach, which includes analysis of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as comparisons with regulations in several countries that have more mature ransomware handling mechanisms. The analysis of the 2025 Cyber Security Bill (RUU KKS) indicates that this draft regulation has the potential to strengthen the authority of cyber authorities, mandate reporting of cyber incidents, and impose stricter sanctions on perpetrators. However, implementing this policy requires effective cross-agency coordination, transparent oversight, and synergy between the public and private sectors. This study concludes that the 2025 Cyber Security Bill (RUU KKS) represents a strategic step in building a national cybersecurity system that is adaptive, integrated, and responsive to evolving cyber threats. However, its success will depend heavily on improving public digital security literacy, multi-sectoral collaboration, investment in detection and prevention technology, and guaranteeing human rights protection. These findings are expected to provide input for policymakers in formulating comprehensive and sustainable cybersecurity regulations as a bulwark of national defense in the digital era.

Every air traveler needs to understand the importance of dangerous goods. By understanding the nature and risks of these items, precautions can be taken to prevent accidents and ensure safe travel for all. In practice, numerous passengers have experienced delays at security checkpoints due to carrying prohibited or restricted items such as lighters, sharp tools like scissors, aerosols, and high-capacity power banks. These incidents not only disrupt airport operations but also highlight gaps in public awareness regarding aviation safety regulations.This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge about dangerous goods on flight safety, with a focus on passengers traveling through El-Tari Airport in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A quantitative research method was employed by distributing 100 structured questionnaires to respondents using purposive sampling, targeting passengers with prior flight experience. Data analysis techniques included simple linear regression, T-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) to assess the relationship between knowledge levels and safety behavior. The findings show that knowledge about dangerous goods (variable X) significantly influences passenger safety behavior (variable Y), evidenced by a p-value of 0.000. This indicates a strong and positive correlation, where better knowledge leads to more responsible behavior during air travel. The R-square value of 0.530 suggests that 53% of variations in safety behavior can be explained by knowledge, while the remaining 47% may be influenced by other factors such as attitudes, past experiences, signage visibility, and staff communication.These findings underscore the urgent need for intensified public education efforts at airports through visual campaigns, digital information, and pre-flight reminders. Improving passenger knowledge about dangerous goods can significantly enhance overall flight safety and reduce the risk of delays or violations. Future research could explore the role of demographic factors or the effectiveness of current educational strategies.

Crime is a social issue that continues to evolve alongside increasing community activity and regional development. This study aims to Cluster crime data in Binjai City based on the location of incidents using the K-Means algorithm and the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) approach. The data were obtained from the Binjai Police Department, with attributes including the type of crime, time of occurrence, and location, categorized by district. A comprehensive data preprocessing stage was carried out, involving the extraction of information from raw data, normalization of crime type labels, and conversion of categorical data into numerical form using label encoding. The optimal number of Clusters was determined using the Silhouette score method, which yielded the best result at K = 10. The Clustering results were further evaluated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) to ensure Cluster quality. The analysis revealed that Binjai Utara District has the highest number of crimes, particularly aggravated theft (curat), which frequently occurs from early morning to late morning. This Clustering is expected to provide valuable insights for authorities in formulating more targeted and data-driven regional security strategies.

This research analyzes the role of the General Election Commission in realizing substantive democracy in the 2024 elections, focusing on the case of data manipulation in the Vote Recapitulation Information System. The use of Sirekap, which aims to increase efficiency and transparency, has faced challenges in the form of data anomalies and vote inflation that weaken public confidence in election results. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis through interviews and literature studies, to evaluate the effectiveness of the General Election Commission in dealing with these problems. The results of this study show that vote inflation is caused by technical errors, lack of offering training, and potential disruptions in systems security at Sirekap. The General Election Commission has conducted an evaluation through manual checks, increased training for those involved in the vote counting process, and improvements to the Sirekap system to prevent similar incidents in the future. This study recommends system improvements, strengthened security, and increased public participation to maintain the integrity of substantive democracy in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how interest in Shopeepay is affected by online transactions. Convenience, security, efficiency, promotions, features, and payment variations are the variables in this study. Using a non-probability purposive sampling strategy and incidental sampling methods, questionnaires distributed online via Google Form provided the primary data. Convenience, security, effectiveness, promotions, features, and payment options all have a positive and significant impact on interest in Shopeepay, according to the findings of this study.  

The information systems currently used by PT Media Print need to be evaluated to ensure that they remain relevant, efficient and secure. In the competitive print media industry, it is important for companies to ensure that their information systems support business processes well and provide high-quality service to customers. This audit aims to ensure that the information system functions properly, protects sensitive information, and meets organizational goals. By using an information system audit, it is hoped that it can help identify areas where improvements or improvements are needed to improve service quality and control existing security in information systems, including access management, data encryption, user activity monitoring, and data protection measures. From the research carried out, the final result was obtained, namely DSS03 (Manage Service Requests and Incidents) showing the overall level of capability in the DSS03 sub-process and the average results for the DSS03 IT Process itself are shown in table 3 process capability domain DSS03 manage operations.

The bombing incident that occurred in Bali in 2002 was a tragedy that attracted world attention, with victims reaching 202 deaths and more than 200 people injured. This tragedy occurred after the hijacked plane crashed into the World Trade Center towers in America in 2001, which increasingly increased global attention to the issue of terrorism. The aim of this research is to examine compensation for victims of terrorist crimes. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a normative juridical approach using secondary data in the form of documents and books regarding the object of this research, then this research uses 3 types of legal materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The findings of this research show that in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, victims of criminal acts of terrorism also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats. relating to testimony that will be, is being, or has been given and participating in the process of selecting and determining forms of security protection and support as well as providing information without pressure. Protection for victims of criminal acts of terrorism implemented in Indonesia is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Bali bombing victims have the right to receive legal protection and compensation from the state for the acts of terrorism that occurred. They also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats related to the testimony they will, are giving, or have given.

Hospitals have an obligation to provide services in accordance with standard operating procedures for patient care, maintain patient safety and security, and provide accurate information. Incorrect medical treatment such as surgery on the side of the body that is not in accordance with the diagnosis can have a serious impact on the patient. The wrong side of the operation on the patient caused by the negligence of medical staff may result in legal liability for negligence. The hospital can be held responsible and obliged to provide compensation for the physical, emotional and financial losses suffered by the patient. If an incident occurs that harms the patient, the hospital may be subject to lawsuits. Hospitals must be legally responsible and take steps to improve the medical service system to improve quality and patient safety.  

In today's digital age, cybersecurity resilience is an urgent need. Organizations around the world face increasingly complex and rapidly changing threats. Given these challenges, it can damage national values. Risk-based security management has emerged as an effective way to improve cybersecurity resilience. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the implementation of risk-based security controls can improve cybersecurity resilience in the Company's environment based on the perspective of the 1945 Constitution.This study employs content analysis method to investigate policies, security practices, and incidents that occur at Valve Corporation in the context of cyber security. The research findings indicate that Valve Corporation has adopted various security strategies and technologies to protect their data and infrastructure from cyberattacks. However, there are still challenges such as evolving security threats and the complexity of global networks that require continuous updates in their security strategies.From the perspective of the 1945 Constitution, cyber security at Valve Corporation is also related to the protection of individual rights, information openness, and national technological independence. Therefore, companies need to consider national values in designing their security policies to ensure effective data protection while complying with relevant regulations.This research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the importance of risk-based security management in improving cyber security resilience, as well as providing practical guidance for organizations looking to improve their security strategies based on nationality values in the face of evolving threats in the digital world.

This research aims to find out how vital information security compliance is in reducing the risk of Data Breach. The method used in this research is Library Research (Library) which is the method used in this writing, and in its use, this method uses books, and journals both in written form and online. Based on the results obtained from this research, it can be concluded that a Data Breach is an incident where sensitive data or important information becomes vulnerable or is accessed by unauthorized parties. To prevent a Data Breach, organizations need to take various security measures, policies, and practices, such as encryption, access management, physical security, network security, security training and awareness, security policies, and monitoring and auditing. Sensitive data protection helps maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and protects the reputation and trust of customers and business partners. By implementing good sensitive data protection, organizations can reduce the risk of data breaches which can be financially detrimental and damage the company's image.  

Information security analysis of PT. Indofood is a case study that discusses the role of vital objects, file security, and cyber security in the company. PT. Indofood is a large company in the food and beverage industry, which faces significant information security challenges. In terms of vital objects, PT. Indofood identifies critical systems and infrastructure that must be strictly protected. A risk evaluation may have been carried out to identify potential threats and take appropriate steps to protect these vital objects. Access controls, physical safeguards, and security training may have been put in place to keep vital objects safe. File security is an important focus for PT. Indofood. Security measures implemented include access control, data encryption, regular backup and restore, and monitoring of file activity. Strict access control policies and security awareness training provide additional protection for critical company files. In cyber security, PT. Indofood uses various measures to protect their systems and networks from cyberthreats. Implementation of firewalls, network protection systems, and regular software updates helps prevent unauthorized access and keeps systems secure. Email security solutions, identity and access management, and data encryption provide an additional layer of protection against cyberattacks. High security awareness and security awareness training provided to employees helps reduce attack risk and improve response to security incidents. PT. Indofood also conducts periodic security tests to identify vulnerabilities in their systems and take necessary remedial actions. Overall, PT. Indofood has implemented strong measures in securing vital objects, file security, and cyber security. However, it is important to remember that information security is an ongoing endeavor that must be continuously updated according to the latest developments in security and technological threats.