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Investment is the activity of placing funds in one or several investment objects for a certain period of time to obtain future profits. The important role of investment in supporting economic growth can be seen from its ability to channel funds to sectors in need, thereby increasing productivity, creating jobs, and increasing income. Stock investment has become one of the most popular instruments because of its profit potential, both from dividends and rising stock prices, although it is accompanied by high risk. Technological developments and easy access to information have attracted more people to invest in stocks, especially through stock indices such as the BISNIS27 Index which reflects the performance of the best performing companies. The selection of this index is important as it reflects the overall market performance and provides a strong reference for investors. To analyze stock performance, fundamental and technical analysis approaches are used, which complement each other in providing a complete picture for investors. In addition, forecasting and ECM (Error Correction Model) methods are used to project future stock prices and analyze the long-term relationship between economic variables. The result of this study is that the best forecasting method of ICBP stock is single exponential smoothing with an alpa value (α = 0.7) because it has the lowest error rate and ICBP stock meets all assumptions of stationarity, cointegration, multicollinearity and IIDN.

The company’s reported profit can affect the perception and decisions of various parties or stakeholders. By showing stable profits, companies can attract and retain investors. The company’s reported profit can affect the perception and decisions of various parties or stakeholders. By showing stable profits, companies can attract and retain investors.This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of Cash Holding, Firm Size, and Managerial Ownership on Income Smoothing. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The object of this research is consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The determination of the sample in this study used purposive sampling. The population in this study is 111 companies. There are 16 companies that meet the criteria with a sample of 64. This study uses secondary data obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis technique used is binary logistic regression analysis using Eviews12 software. The results of this study show that Cash Holding, Firm Size, and Managerial Ownership simultaneously affect Income Smoothing. Partially, Cash Holding, and Managerial Ownership have an effect on Income Smoothing. Meanwhile, Firm Size partially has no effect on Income Smoothing.

This study aims to examine the effect of bonus compensation variables and dividend payout ratios on income smoothing in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023. This study is a quantitative study using data in the form of numbers. The research data was obtained from second parties or secondary data, namely data obtained from the financial statements of each sample company. The population in this study were banking sector companies in 2021-2023 with the sample selection technique used being the non-probability technique, namely the perposive sampling technique. This technique is a sample selection technique that is carried out by providing sample criteria that can be used as samples in the study. The criteria used in selecting the sample are that the company publishes financial reports during the study period, the company makes a profit during the study period, the company provides dividends to shareholders during the study period and the company presents financial reports in rupiah. In this study, there were 16 companies that met the predetermined sample criteria using the perposive sampling method, so that the final total sample for the three years of the study was 48 samples. The data analysis techniques used consist of descriptive statistical tests, multiple linear regression tests, normality tests, heteroscedasticity tests, and hypothesis tests consisting of partial t tests, simultaneous f tests and determination coefficient tests. The results obtained in this study are that partially the bonus compensation variable does not have a significant effect on income smoothing, the dividend payout ratio variable has a significant effect on income smoothing and simultaneously the bonus compensation variable and the dividend payout ratio variable have a significant effect on income smoothing. Both of these variables are able to influence income smoothing by 25.2% which is a large enough number to provide a simultaneous effect.

This research aims to find out and analyze how much influence Profitability, Financial Leverage and Company Age have on Income Smoothing in Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the IDX for the 2018-2022 Period. This type of research is quantitative research, the type of data is secondary data which can be accessed via the official website of the Indonesian Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). The sampling technique used in this research was the Purposive Sampling method with a total sample of 33 companies. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, coefficient of determination tests and hypothesis tests. The results of this research partially show that the Profitability variable has no significant effect on Income Smoothing as evidenced by the results of the t count < t table test of 1.763 > 2.05553. Financial Leverage has a significant effect on Income Smoothing as evidenced by the t test results > t table of 2.868 < 2.05553. Company age does not have a significant effect on Income Smoothing as evidenced by the results of the t test < t table of 0.207 > 2.05553. Profitability, Financial Leverage and Company Age simultaneously have a significant effect on Income Smoothing as evidenced by the results of the f test which shows a significance value of 0.003 < 0.05, meaning that Ha is accepted.

The purpose of this study is to collect data and information and analyze related to profitability, leverage and company size on income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 - 2022. The method used in this study is quantitative with a descriptive and associative approach. The sample used in this study was 67 companies through purposive sampling. The data used in this study are secondary data (indirect observation). The data analysis method uses panel data regression analysis (pooled data) with STATA software version 17. The results of the study show that partially shows that the profitability/ROA variable does not affect income smoothing, as well as leverage/DER does not affect income smoothing, while company size significantly affects income smoothing. Simultaneously, profitability, leverage and company size do not affect income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Because the significance level is > 0.05.

This study refers to problems related to income smoothing practices which are influenced by various factors. In this case, it is interesting for the researcher to conduct another study related to the problem of income smoothing practices. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between Cash Holding, firm size, Firm Value and audit quality on income smoothing practices. The analytical method used by the researcher is a logistic analysis method with purposive sampling technique and the data used are annual report data and financial reports for manufacturing companies in the consumer non-cyclicals listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2018-2022 period. From the results of the research that has been done, it shows that Cash Holding variables, firm size, Firm Value and audit quality have a positive effect on income smoothing practices.    

The practice of income smoothing is a common phenomenon that occurs as a management effort to reduce reported profit fluctuations. This study aims to determine the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, Net Profit Margin, Cash Holding, Bonus Plan, and dividend payout ratio on income smoothing practices. The sample of this research is non-financial companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. Data obtained from www.idx.co.id. Logistic regression analysis model with SPSS. The conclusion in this study is that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, Net Profit Margin, Cash Holding, and dividend payout ratio have a significant positive effect on income smoothing. Meanwhile Bonus Plan did not have significant effect on income smoothing.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris terkait pengaruh bonus plan, kepemilikan manajerial, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap income smoothing. Pengukuran yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi income smoothing adalah indeks eckel. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Pengukuran variabel bonus plan menggunakan rasio remunerasi terhadap laba bersih tahun berjalan karena pengukuran ini masih sedikit digunakan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bonus plan tidak berpengaruh terhadap income smoothing, sedangkan hasil pengujian kepemilikan manajerial menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap income smoothing, dan hasil pengujian ukuran perusahaan menunjukkan pengaruh negatif terhadap income smoothing.

Earnings information is often the target of management engineering to maximize its satisfaction because there are parties who pay attention to profits so that it encourages management to take action in managing earnings or earnings management. One of the earnings management actions that are often carried out by several companies to beautify their financial statements is income smoothing. This study aims to analyze the effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio, bonus plan and income tax on income smoothing. The analytical method used in this research is logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that return on assets has a positive and significant effect on income smoothing, the debt to equity ratio and bonus plan have a negative and significant effect on income smoothing, while income tax has no significant effect on income smoothing.    Keywords: income smoothing; return on assets; debt to equity ratio; bonus plan; income tax

The main thing of the operational activities of a business company is to make a profit. In fact, maximizing profit is the main goal of all business decisions and activities. The company will go bankrupt if it does not make a profit. This study discusses the Factors Affecting Income Smoothing in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange 2016-2020. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test and analyze the effect of firm size, financial leverage, profitability, cash holding, and auditor reputation on income smoothing in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study can be said that company size, profitability, and cash storage have no significant effect on earnings performance. Meanwhile, financial leverage and auditor reputation have a negative and significant effect on earnings management in manufacturing companies.

This research aims to examine the effect of firm size, profitability,financial leverage, boox-tax differences and public ownership structureto income smoothing at manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia) in 2014-2017.The population in this research are Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia). Sampling method using purposive sampling in the technique of data analysis is multiple linear regression analysis.The results of this research indicate that firm size, profitability, financial leveragehave a positif significant influence on Income Smoothing. Public ownership structurehave a negativesignificant effect on Income Smoothin whileboox-tax differences have no effect on Income Smoothing.  Keywords: Firm Size, Profitability, Financial Leverage, Boox-Tax Differences, Public Ownership Structure, and Income Smoothing.

This study aims to examine variable-variable firm size, profitability,financial leverage, managerial ownership and devident payout ratio to findcompanies that perform income smoothing practices and that not doingincome smoothing practices listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) ofthe year 2008-2012. This study uses a quantitative approach, where the dataused for the study are the financial statements of the years 2008-2012. Thesamples are 265 companies for 5 years in companies listed on the IndonesiaStock Exchange and were selected using purposive sampling method.Subsequently the samples were classified into groups grader profit and notincome smoothing using Eckel. Analysis of the data obtained performed usinglogistic regression analysis. The test results of five independent variables usinglogistic regression showed that company size and financial leverage effect onincome smoothing practices while to profitability, managerial ownership , anddevident payout ratio has no effect on income smoothing practices

The aims of this research was to prove the influence of  size company, profitability, leverage, institutional ownership toward the income smoothing. Income smoothing is practice used by managers of a company to reduce the fluctuation of the reported income to achieve the target income either artificial or naturally. Index Eckel (1981) was used to determine the income smoothing. This research was carried out by using 12 food and beverages companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 4 years period from 2005 until 2008. The hypotheseses were tested using binary logistic regression. The result’s shows that the size of company was significant influence to income smoothing. The influence of profitability, leverage, institutional ownership was not significant. Key words: the size of company, profitability, leverage, institutional ownership, income smoothing