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The digital transformation of education in Indonesia presents both strategic opportunities and significant ethical challenges. On the one hand, technological innovation expands access, effectiveness, and quality of learning; on the other hand, it risks creating social disparities, the commercialization of education, and the reduction of human values. In this context, Pancasila is considered relevant as an ethical paradigm that guides the direction of digital transformation to remain grounded in humanity, social justice, and sustainability. This study aims to analyze Pancasila as an ethical framework for directing the development of educational technology in Indonesia. The method employed is a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on philosophical sources, educational policy documents, and practices of digital technology implementation at various educational levels. The analysis reveals that the values of Pancasila, particularly the second and fifth principles, can serve as normative foundations for shaping policies, design, and practices of educational technology that are humanistic, inclusive, and equitable. The study concludes that integrating the Pancasila paradigm is not only ideologically essential but also strategically significant in ensuring that the digital transformation of education in Indonesia aligns with national objectives and human dignity.

The aim of this research is to provide information about how the implementation of inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia can be carried out. The method used in this research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Library studies can be defined as a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. Based on the results of the literature study, the implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia is an important paradigm shift in the education system. This aims to ensure that every individual, including those with special needs, has full access to quality education. There are several steps that can be taken in implementing inclusive education as a change in the educational paradigm in Indonesia, namely, policies and regulations; training and education for educators; inclusive curriculum development; inclusive physical facilities; community education; collaboration between institutions; as well as evaluation and monitoring. So in essence inclusive education is very important to create equality, participation and respect for diversity in the classroom. Even though its implementation is still faced with various challenges and obstacles, the efforts of the government and related stakeholders have produced policies, programs and best practice models in inclusive education. Thus, it is important for the government, educational institutions, teachers and society as a whole to continue to work together and commit to encouraging the implementation of better inclusive education.