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Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and remains an important issue in neonatal health due to its association with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. To analyze the determinants of LBW based on primary studies published from 2021 to 2026. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Article searches were performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords low birth weight, determinant factors, risk factors, BBLR, and faktor risiko with Boolean operators AND/OR. The inclusion criteria were primary studies, full-text availability, publication in Indonesian or English, and publication years from 2021 to 2026. A total of 20 articles were included, consisting of 15 international articles and 5 national sources. The review showed that LBW is influenced by interrelated maternal, nutritional, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors during pregnancy. The most dominant factors included multiple pregnancy with an adjusted OR of 21.74, maternal food insecurity with an AOR of 6.85, maternal hemoglobin level <11 g/dL with an AOR of 5.21, lack of iron-folic acid supplementation with an AOR of 4.17, maternal age ≤20 years with an AOR of 3.42, pregnancy interval <1 year with an adjusted OR of 2.92, missed antenatal care visits with an AOR of 2.74, smoking during pregnancy with an OR of 2.18, and maternal hypertension with an AOR of 1.94. LBW is influenced by multiple interrelated factors; therefore, efforts to reduce its incidence should focus on evidence-based interventions, particularly through optimizing antenatal care services, improving maternal nutritional status, and early detection of pregnancy.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a silent killer because it generally does not present noticeable symptoms. Several risk factors contribute to the development of hypertension, including high body mass index (BMI) and low levels of physical activity. However, data regarding the association between BMI, physical activity, and hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between body mass index and physical activity with hypertension among adults at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City, from November 19 to December 6, 2025. The study population consisted of all adult patients with hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, totaling 2,797 individuals. A sample of 93 respondents was selected using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using observation sheets through measurements of height and weight to calculate BMI, as well as the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the chi-square statistical test. The univariate analysis showed that 27 respondents (29.0%) were classified as severely obese, 42 respondents (45.2%) had a low level of physical activity, and 28 respondents (30.1%) were categorized as having stage 2 hypertension at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center, Jambi City. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure among patients with hypertension (p = 0.000). It is expected that healthcare providers at Pakuan Baru Public Health Center will continue to provide education regarding the importance of controlling body mass index and engaging in regular physical activity, as these factors contribute to increased blood pressure among patients with hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly and is often accompanied by insomnia. This condition can increase anxiety and reduce quality of life. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is an effective non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood pressure and improve sleep quality. This paper describes nursing care for elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia through PMR application at RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam City in 2025. A case study approach was used through the nursing process, including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation. The main nursing diagnosis was sleep pattern disturbance related to physical discomfort and anxiety. Interventions included education and PMR exercises for six consecutive days. Results showed blood pressure decreased from 180/100 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, sleep quality improved from difficulty sleeping to 6–7 hours per night, and anxiety levels reduced. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy proved effective as an independent nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and improve sleep quality in elderly patients with hypertension and insomnia. Nurses should use this therapy as a routine non-pharmacological intervention in gerontological nursing practice.

Smoking behavior is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, with hypertension prevalence generally increasing alongside higher cigarette consumption and longer smoking duration. Research on hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia using national-scale data remains scarce in Indonesian publications. This study aims to analyze factors influencing hypertension among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015, utilizing data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2015. The research employs a quantitative design with an analytical observational approach using a cross-sectional study. The sample comprises 10,677 productive-age smokers in Indonesia, selected via multi-stage random sampling across 32 provinces in 2015. Independent variables include age, gender, employment status, work region, cigarettes smoked, smoking duration, and daily cigarette consumption, while the dependent variable is hypertension. Hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015 reached 8.53%, with significant predictors including age ≥36 years, female gender, employment status, smoking intensity of 21–30 or >31 cigarettes/day, and smoking duration >16 years—reflecting multifactorial interactions of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, recommendations include routine screening at primary health centers for at-risk groups, tobacco control programs based on dose-duration, economic empowerment for the unemployed, intensive screening with lifestyle counseling by healthcare providers, and longitudinal designs for future causal studies.

Hypertension is a major public health concern with a high prevalence and a significant risk of complications if left uncontrolled. Effective management requires not only pharmacological treatment but also non-pharmacological approaches and active family involvement. One potential non-pharmacological therapy is the use of celery (Apium graveolens), which is believed to lower blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of family education combined with celery decoction administration in reducing blood pressure among patients with hypertension. A descriptive case study design was employed using a family nursing care approach over three home visits, each lasting 30–45 minutes. The intervention included health education on hypertension and a demonstration of how to prepare and administer celery decoction, which was consumed twice daily. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and blood pressure measurements. The results showed a reduction in blood pressure from 159/90 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg, along with a decrease in symptoms such as headaches and dizziness. In addition, there was an improvement in family knowledge, caregiving skills, and the ability to modify the home environment. In conclusion, family-based education combined with the administration of celery decoction appears to be effective in reducing blood pressure and enhancing the family’s role in managing hypertension.

Hypertension is one of the most common health problems among the elderly and has the potential to cause serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are known to play an important role in increasing blood pressure, particularly fat intake and sleep quality. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between fat intake and sleep quality with the incidence of hypertension among elderly individuals in the coastal area of Tuban District. This study used an analytical observational design with a case-control approach. The total number of respondents in this study was 136 elderly individuals, consisting of 68 cases (elderly with hypertension) and 68 controls (elderly without hypertension). Data on fat intake were obtained using a 24-hour food recall method, while sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. The results showed that there were significant relationships between fat intake (p = 0.000) and sleep quality (p = 0.000) with the incidence of hypertension among the elderly in the coastal area of Tuban District. Elderly individuals with high fat intake and poor sleep quality were more frequently found in the hypertension group compared to the non-hypertension group. In conclusion, fat intake and sleep quality are associated with the occurrence of hypertension among the elderly. Hypertension control efforts can be carried out through limiting fat intake and maintaining good sleep quality.

The use of medicinal plants has been an important part of people's lives since the time of our ancestors. Before the advent of modern medicine, people used various types of plants to treat mild to severe illnesses, such as fever, cough, wounds, digestive disorders, and skin diseases. Inventory of medicinal plants plays a very important role in exploring the potential of existing natural resources, especially as an effort to support the development of traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of medicinal plants used by local communities in traditional medicine. The method used in this study is a descriptive method through direct surveys at the research location. The findings obtained in the field concluded that all types of plants mentioned in this study are very beneficial for the people of Duhiadaa District, because they can help in treating various types of diseases experienced by the community. The types of diseases that can be treated include hypertension, gout, stomach acid, cholesterol, kidney disease, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, wounds, diarrhea and digestive disorders.

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor contributing to the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which includes STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina. The increasing prevalence of hypertension worldwide raises concern regarding its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to describe the profile of ACS patients with hypertension receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) therapy in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Using a descriptive cross-sectional method, data from 91 patients treated between July 2021 and October 2024 were analyzed. Variables included demographic characteristics, clinical classification of ACS, hypertension degree, comorbidities, types and doses of ACEI/ARB administered. The results showed that most patients were male (73%) and aged over 65 years (40%). Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship between hypertension degree, ACS classification, or most comorbidities with drug selection or dosage (p>0.05), except for a significant association between coronary heart disease comorbidity and ARB selection. These findings suggest that in hypertensive ACS patients, the choice between ACEI and ARB therapy is predominantly based on individual comorbidity profiles rather than blood pressure severity or ACS type. The study highlights the importance of personalized treatment approaches considering patient comorbidities to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.

This study examines the utilization of Aloe vera as a herbal medicine by the community of Sobawagoli Village, Indonesia. The research aims to document local knowledge related to the processing, application, and perceived benefits of Aloe vera in traditional healthcare practices. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through direct field observations, in-depth interviews with community members, and documentation of preparation methods. The findings reveal that Aloe vera is widely used for both internal and external treatments, including digestive disorders, internal heat, hypertension, burns, skin inflammation, and natural skin and hair care. The plant is processed through simple methods such as boiling, blending, and direct topical application, reflecting the accessibility and practicality of herbal medicine in rural settings. Community perceptions toward Aloe vera are highly positive, viewing it as a safe, effective, and culturally embedded alternative to chemical medicines. These practices are supported by empirical experiences and align with recent scientific studies highlighting the therapeutic properties of Aloe vera. The study underscores the importance of preserving indigenous herbal knowledge and integrating it with modern health education to promote sustainable, community-based healthcare systems.

Hypertension is a public health problem that requires educational approaches and nonpharmacological interventions. This community service activity aimed to improve knowledge and support community-based hypertension management through health education, hypertension exercise, and cucumber juice therapy in RT 03 RW 08 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta. The activity was conducted in three stages. The preparation stage included site selection, door-to-door screening of individuals with hypertension, which identified 32 hypertensive residents, obtaining informed consent, and preparing the instruments. The implementation stage consisted of hypertension education with pre-test and post-test knowledge assessments, as well as demonstrations of hypertension exercise and cucumber juice preparation involving 29 participants. Participants were encouraged to perform the exercise and consume cucumber juice regularly for seven days at home. The evaluation stage assessed changes in blood pressure after the intervention. The results showed improved knowledge and reduced blood pressure in most participants. This activity was effective in supporting hypertension management in the community.

Hypertension is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease often referred to as "The Silent Killer" because it rarely shows symptoms until it causes serious complications such as stroke, kidney failure, and heart disease. This community service activity aims to optimize the Mobile Blood Pressure Monitoring Program as a hypertension screening method in Sanahu Village. The methods used include participant data collection, blood pressure checks with a manual sphygmomanometer, and health education on hypertension prevention. A total of 96 participants participated in this activity, and the results showed that 58 participants (60.4%) were hypertensive. This program has proven effective in reaching communities with limited access to health services and raising public awareness about the importance of early detection of non-communicable diseases. In addition, this activity succeeded in providing knowledge to the community about how to prevent hypertension and the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which is expected to reduce the incidence of hypertension in the future.

Depression is one of the mental health problems that often arise in patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney failure. This condition not only impacts the patient's quality of life, but also affects the treatment process and the burden on the family. However, mental health literacy in the community is still low, so targeted preventive and curative efforts are needed. The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve people's mental health through educational interventions with scientific booklet media that are easy to understand and apply. The activity method is carried out in a participatory manner, including the preparation stage, socialization, educational implementation, and evaluation. Education is provided to the community with a focus on preventing depression through a healthy lifestyle, stress management skills, and early intervention efforts by seeking professional support. Evaluation is carried out through pre-post tests, observations, and group discussions. The results of the activity showed an increase in public knowledge about depression, a change in attitudes to be more open in expressing feelings, as well as practical skills in relaxation, maintaining sleep patterns, and building social support. Participants also better understand the importance of seeking professional help when depressive symptoms are getting worse. The conclusion of this PKM is that the scientific booklet has proven to be effective as a preventive and curative educational intervention medium, and can be an innovative strategy in improving the mental health of people affected by chronic diseases.

Hypertension is a major public health problem with an increasing prevalence and is often undetected due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to serious complications if not properly controlled. Low levels of public knowledge and poor adherence to preventive behaviors, routine health checks, and treatment remain significant challenges in hypertension management at the community level. This community service program aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness of hypertension through the implementation of the CERDIK and PATUH approaches. The program employed a community-based promotive and preventive method, including health education, blood pressure screening, and interactive discussion and counseling. The activity was conducted in RW 013, Kapuk Subdistrict, Cengkareng District, involving 60 adult and elderly participants. Knowledge levels were assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results demonstrated a substantial improvement in participants’ knowledge after the health education intervention, with the mean knowledge score increasing from 35 before the intervention to 80 after the intervention. In addition, the variation in knowledge levels among participants became more homogeneous following the educational activities. High community enthusiasm and active participation during the program reflected positive acceptance and engagement with the hypertension education initiative. This community service activity confirms that community-based health education using the CERDIK and PATUH approaches is effective as a promotive and preventive strategy to enhance public knowledge of hypertension. Improved knowledge is expected to encourage healthier lifestyle behaviors and greater adherence to hypertension control practices, thereby supporting sustainable and independent blood pressure management within the community.

Abortion remains a complex reproductive health issue due to the interplay of multiple interrelated determinants. This study aimed to map the factors influencing the incidence of abortion based on recent scientific evidence. A literature review design was applied by analyzing ten selected articles published within the last five years and retrieved from major scientific databases. The selection process was conducted systematically through title, abstract, and full-text screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. The extracted data included study characteristics, type of abortion, examined determinants, and key conclusions. The synthesized findings indicate that abortion incidence is shaped by a combination of biological, social, and healthcare system related factors. Clinical determinants such as maternal age, endocrine disorders, uterine anatomical abnormalities, obstetric history, anemia, and hypertension play a substantial role in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage. In contrast, structural factors including income level, contraceptive access, and legal regulations predominantly influence induced abortion. The discussion highlights that abortion should not be viewed as an isolated clinical event, but rather as the cumulative outcome of risks operating across multiple levels of influence. In conclusion, abortion represents a multifactorial phenomenon that requires comprehensive prevention strategies extending beyond medical interventions alone. These strategies should also address healthcare accessibility and broader social conditions. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity of abortion determinants and provides an evidence-based reference for developing more effective preventive approaches in the future.

Hypertension is one of the major health problems in the elderly and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The low level of knowledge among the elderly about risk factors and prevention of hypertension is one of the challenges in controlling this disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health education in increasing the knowledge of the elderly about hypertension at the Meohai Center in Kendari City. The study design used a pre-experimental approach with pre-test and post-test without a control group, involving 22 elderly individuals. The education was conducted through interactive lectures and visual educational media. The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 8.04 to 9.09 after the intervention, with a paired t-test yielding a p-value of 0.007, indicating a significant difference. These findings indicate that counseling is effective in increasing the knowledge of the elderly about hypertension. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of continuous education programs to support hypertension prevention efforts in the elderly

Hypertension is a chronic disease that shows blood pressure above normal limits and is a global health problem and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Treatment adherence is defined as the patient's level of willingness and the extent to which they strive and behave to follow medical directives, regulations, or recommendations provided by healthcare professionals in an effort to assist the patient's recovery. Adherence to taking medication allows patients to keep their blood pressure stable in order to avoid complications. This study aims to see the compliance of hypertension drug patients at the Heart Poly of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. The research method used is a descriptive approach. The population in this study is 178 people, the number of samples is 82 people. Sampling technique with accidental sampling technique. The results of the study showed that from 82 respondents, the data obtained that the most age respondents were 38-53 years old with a total of 36 respondents (47.6%), the data on the most gender respondents were women as many as 48 respondents (48.5%), the data on the most education respondents was education as many as 32 respondents (39%), the data on the most respondents suffering from hypertension was 2 years of hypertension as many as 24 respondents (29.3%). The picture of the level of drug compliance of hypertension patients at the Heart Polyclinic of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024 is at a moderate level of 31 respondents (37.8%).

Hypertension substantially increases the risk of developing secondary conditions, including stroke, renal disease, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Early management is therefore essential to prevent complications and adverse outcomes. Evidence indicates that untreated hypertension contributes to approximately 60% of stroke cases. Public knowledge regarding hypertension-related complications remains limited, and many individuals are unable to identify early signs of stroke the most common complication associated with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of hypertensive patients regarding stroke risk and management at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. A descriptive research design was employed. The sample consisted of 67 hypertensive patients attending the outpatient clinic, selected through purposive sampling. Data were presented using frequency distribution tables. The findings revealed that 52.2% of respondents demonstrated poor knowledge, 32.8% had moderate knowledge, and only 14.9% showed good knowledge regarding stroke risk and management. These results underscore the need for patients to adopt healthier lifestyles and for the hospital to strengthen educational efforts by providing more engaging and interactive learning materials for patients and their families.

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood pumped by the heart against the walls of the arteries. Abnormalities in blood pressure can take the form of high blood pressure or hypertension and low blood pressure or hypotension. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and sufferers often do not show any symptoms. This community service activity aimed to examine the results of blood pressure measurements among inmates at the Class IIB Detention Center in Masohi City. This study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. There were 95 inmates who participated in this activity. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods to describe the blood pressure measurement results based on demographic data such as age, gender, education level, occupation, height, and weight. The results showed that most respondents were in the 20-30 age range (44.2%) and male (91.6%). The level of education shows that most respondents only completed high school (54.7%) and the majority worked as farmers (30.5%). Anthropometric characteristics in terms of height show that most respondents were between 140-160 cm (47.4%) and weighed between 51-60 kg (43.2%). The distribution of blood pressure shows that most respondents are in the pre-hypertension (40%), normal (29.5%), grade 1 hypertension (17.9%), and grade 2 hypertension (10.5%). Therefore, routine blood pressure checks need to be carried out so that inmates in detention centers can avoid hypertension, which can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

The prevalence of chronic diseases in Jambi City has tended to increase in the last three years, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Chronic diseases that are high risk, high volume and high cost have an impact on the household economy of sufferers who tend to incur health costs that exceed the family's financial capacity (catastrophic). The existence of the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) from BPJS Health should contribute to reducing the number of chronic diseases, reducing the burden of disease and improving the social relations of chronic disease sufferers, however the coverage of Prolanis activity is still low and several responses from community experience indicate there are problems with the acceptability of the program. This research aims to measure the level of community acceptability of health interventions and social relations in the Prolanis practice as assessed by analyzing affective attitudes, burden, ethics, intervention coherence, costs, perceived effectiveness and self-confidence of chronic disease sufferers in Jambi City in 2023. The research was conducted with Quantitative research methods use a cross-sectional design. Respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique totaling 180 respondents spread across five Puskesmas work areas in Jambi City. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The research results show that the indicators of burden, ethics and effectiveness are the most dominant factors in influencing the acceptability of Prolanis participants. As a recommendation, it is suggested to the government and BPJS Health to increase public understanding of the importance of using Prolanis in an effort to reduce the number of chronic diseases in Jambi City.

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Despite various preventive measures, preeclampsia is still frequently found at the primary health care level. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the Tiley Care Community Health Center. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all pregnant women who visited antenatal care at the Tiley Care Community Health Center, with a sample of 60 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a review of medical records and KIA books, then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that maternal age, history of hypertension, nutritional status based on body mass index, and adherence to antenatal care visits had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. Meanwhile, parity did not show a significant relationship with the incidence of preeclampsia. This study concluded that the incidence of preeclampsia is influenced by various maternal factors and maternal health behaviors during pregnancy. These findings underscore the importance of implementing risk-based antenatal care through early screening, ongoing monitoring, and increased adherence to antenatal care visits as a preventative measure for preeclampsia at the primary healthcare level.