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Complementary feeding plays a vital role in meeting the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers. However, food safety remains a concern, particularly for homemade commercial complementary foods. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and hygiene sanitation practices of homemade commercial complementary foods vendors in the service area of Karangandong Public Health Center, Gresik. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Four homemade commercial complementary foods samples were collected from different vendors and tested for Total Plate Count (TPC) and Escherichia coli contamination. Observations and interviews were also conducted to evaluate the vendors' hygiene and sanitation practices. The results showed that three out of four homemade commercial complementary foods samples exceeded the maximum limit for microbial contamination (1 × 10² CFU/g). Two of the four samples tested positive for Escherichia coli contamination. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the vendors showed several non-conformities, categorized as minor, major, and critical. In conclusion, most homemade commercial MP-ASI products in this study did not meet established microbiological safety standards and reflected hygiene and sanitation practices that require improvement.

The health of elementary school-aged children is a crucial phase for physical growth and cognitive development, but the school environment is often vulnerable to the spread of disease due to a lack of understanding of hygiene. This community service activity aims to increase students' awareness of the dangers of germs at SD Negeri Sumberbulu 1 through education on Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) with a primary focus on Handwashing with Soap (CTPS). The implementation method is carried out through three stages: preparation and coordination, educational implementation using animated videos and live demonstrations of the 6 steps of CTPS, and the follow-up stage. The results of the activity showed that the use of visual media and icebreakers effectively increased students' enthusiasm and understanding in absorbing the health steps taught. As a form of sustainability, the team coordinated with the school, which then expressed its willingness to integrate the CTPS scheme into the school's daily routine independently. Thus, this program successfully transformed healthy behavior into a permanent school culture to maintain the quality of life for the next generation.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

Clean and healthy living habits are an essential foundation in shaping a generation that is mindful of personal and environmental health. These habits need to be instilled from an early age, both at school and at home, so that they can become a sustainable part of students' lifestyles. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of students at SD Negeri 1 Mertoyudan in consistently applying Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS) in their daily lives. The implementation methods comprised three main approaches: interactive discussion-based education, a demonstration of proper handwashing techniques in accordance with WHO standards, and hands-on practice in maintaining personal hygiene. These approaches were chosen to ensure that students not only understand the concept of PHBS theoretically but are also able to apply it independently in real-life situations. The results of the activity showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of the importance of washing hands with soap at critical moments as a form of personal hygiene responsibility. Through a demonstrative approach that involved active student participation, participants were able to practice proper personal hygiene steps accurately and confidently. This activity is hoped to have a long-term impact in shaping students who are disciplined, responsible, and attentive to both personal and environmental health, while also serving as an effective preventive measure in reducing the risk of infectious diseases among school-age children.

The postpartum period is a critical phase in which mothers experience physiological and psychological recovery. Bengkung, a traditional abdominal binding cloth, is commonly used by Indonesian postpartum mothers, but inappropriate application may cause discomfort and may not support recovery optimally. This community service program aimed to improve postpartum mothers' knowledge and skills regarding safe and appropriate bengkung use. The activity was conducted through counseling, demonstration, guided practice, and evaluation using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach involving 30 postpartum mothers at a community-based maternal health service setting. The educational content covered postpartum physiological changes, indications and contraindications, safe binding principles, hygiene, duration of use, warning signs, and when to seek professional care. The evaluation showed an increase in good knowledge from 26.7% before education to 86.7% after education, and correct practice skills increased from 20.0% to 83.3%. Participants also reported better understanding of avoiding overly tight binding, maintaining breathing comfort, and discontinuing use when pain, shortness of breath, excessive bleeding, or wound problems occur. This activity indicates that structured education and demonstration can strengthen postpartum self-care and support safer integration of traditional practices into maternal health services.

Decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living among older adults can lead to poor personal hygiene practices, thereby increasing the risk of infections, including urinary tract infections. This study aims to analyze the effect of improving self-care in personal hygiene on reducing the risk of urinary tract infections in the elderly.The method used was a case study involving a single respondent (Mr. W), with a four-week intervention consisting of one visit per week, each lasting approximately 45 minutes. The intervention included personal hygiene education, practical demonstrations, direct assistance, and environmental modification.The results showed an improvement in both awareness and personal hygiene practices, as indicated by the ability to brush teeth regularly, perform proper genital care after urination, and maintain consistency in changing clothes and underwear, although some habits still required ongoing assistance.In conclusion, a holistic approach through education, assistance, and environmental support is effective in gradually improving personal hygiene practices among older adults. However, continuous efforts are necessary to achieve long-term behavioral consistency.

Decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living among older adults can lead to poor personal hygiene practices, thereby increasing the risk of infections, including urinary tract infections. This study aims to analyze the effect of improving self-care in personal hygiene on reducing the risk of urinary tract infections in the elderly.The method used was a case study involving a single respondent (Mr. W), with a four-week intervention consisting of one visit per week, each lasting approximately 45 minutes. The intervention included personal hygiene education, practical demonstrations, direct assistance, and environmental modification.The results showed an improvement in both awareness and personal hygiene practices, as indicated by the ability to brush teeth regularly, perform proper genital care after urination, and maintain consistency in changing clothes and underwear, although some habits still required ongoing assistance.In conclusion, a holistic approach through education, assistance, and environmental support is effective in gradually improving personal hygiene practices among older adults. However, continuous efforts are necessary to achieve long-term behavioral consistency.

Iced tea is a popular beverage due to its accessibility and affordability. However, poor hygiene and sanitation practices can lead to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which can potentially cause foodborne diseases. Sanitation practices, including cleanliness of vendors, equipment, and processing facilities, play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of beverages consumed by the public. The research method used was a quantitative study with an observational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used, with 21 iced tea vendors as the sample. The independent variable in this study was sanitation hygiene, while the dependent variable was Escherichia coli bacterial contamination in iced tea. The results of the study conducted on 21 respondents showed that iced tea drink sellers with qualified sanitation hygiene practices with a total of 10 respondents, 8 samples of iced tea drinks were negative for Escherichia Coli and 2 samples of iced tea drinks were positive for Escherichia Coli. While iced tea drink sellers who did not meet the requirements for sanitation hygiene practices were 11 respondents, with 11 samples of iced tea drinks positive for Escherichia Coli bacteria. After being analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 Application, a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) was obtained, so H1 was accepted, it was concluded that there was a relationship between sanitation hygiene and Escherichia Coli bacterial contamination of iced tea drinks. Based on the description above it can be concluded that the low sanitation hygiene practices carried out by iced tea drink sellers can increase the risk of Escherichia Coli bacteria contamination in drinks and will affect the quality and safety of drinks that will be consumed by the public.

This study aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of fifth-grade students of SDN 70 Palembang regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) through health communication and community empowerment activities. The method used was qualitative research with an interactive approach, which included counseling, demonstrations of six-step handwashing practices, and the use of educational media in the form of banners and leaflets. The results showed a significant increase in students' understanding of PHBS indicators, especially correct handwashing skills and the ability to recognize healthy snacks. Students' enthusiasm in participating in simulations and educational quizzes demonstrated the success of the participatory communication approach. This activity successfully strengthened the role of schools and community health centers in creating a healthier educational environment, by involving students as agents of behavior change. Through this activity, it is hoped that students will be more aware of the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene, and can apply PHBS in their daily lives.

Jamu is a traditional Indonesian herbal drink believed to have health benefits and has been preserved to this day. One type, turmeric and tamarind jamu, is known to effectively alleviate menstrual cramps naturally. The workshop on making turmeric and tamarind jamu at Wahidiyah High School in Kediri City on May 17, 2025, aimed to enhance students' knowledge and skills in preparing jamu hygienically. The activity was attended by 15 students from grades 10 and 11, using methods such as lectures, discussions, leaflets, and hands-on practice. Evaluation results showed an average increase in knowledge scores from 76.4% to 97.9%, particularly in terms of cleanliness and storage. This workshop not only educated students about the benefits of jamu but also fostered cultural awareness and entrepreneurial potential. The turmeric and tamarind herbal medicine education program at SMA Wahidiyah successfully improved students' knowledge and skills in preparing herbal medicine hygienically, with significant improvements in hygiene and storage aspects. In addition, this activity is expected to be the first step in introducing herbal medicine as a natural health product that has the potential to be developed further.

School snacks are one of the food sources commonly consumed by elementary school children; however, they are at risk of microbiological contamination if not properly managed. One of the pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate food is Salmonella, which can cause diarrheal disease. This study aimed to analyze hygiene and sanitation factors of food handlers on Salmonella bacterial contamination in pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District, Tuban Regency. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 20 pentol vendors and 20 pentol snack samples. Data were collected through observation using a hygiene and sanitation checklist and laboratory examination to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria. Data analysis was initially planned using the Chi-square test; however, due to homogeneous results, the analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that most vendors had good hygiene and sanitation (85%) and sufficient (15%). Laboratory examination results showed that all pentol snack samples (100%) were negative for Salmonella bacteria. In conclusion, pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District were microbiologically safe from Salmonella contamination.

The routine prayer recitation activity with teenagers in Jatikalang Village, Krian, Sidoarjo, essentially arose from the need for moral development among teenagers amidst today's increasingly complex and externally influenced lives. Through this activity, it is hoped that teenagers can become closer to religious values ​​without feeling patronized, as the activities are simple and relevant to their daily lives. Furthermore, a sense of community among teenagers is fostered, becoming more than just a form of worship but also a positive gathering space. The implementation itself uses an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, emphasizing existing community potential, such as the role of administrators, youth involvement, and available village facilities. The activity is relatively simple, starting with an opening and reciting prayers, rowi Diba' (the prayer of the Prophet), mahalul qiyam (the prayer of the Prophet), and closing with a short sermon (kultum) usually containing light but impactful messages. These activities are beginning to show changes: teenagers are becoming more active, a sense of togetherness is growing, and good habits such as discipline, mutual respect, and responsibility are gradually emerging. Furthermore, this activity serves as an alternative to prevent teenagers from getting caught up in less beneficial activities. There are still challenges, particularly with fluctuating attendance and the strong influence of the external environment. However, if maintained and developed consistently, this activity has great potential to become a platform for social and spiritual development for youth. Overall, this sholawat routine is quite effective in developing religious character and strengthening social ties within the community.

College students are often busy completing their assignments. They frequently experience sleep problems that can distort their studies. One of the factors that affects sleep quality is sleep hygiene. Poor sleep hygiene can worsen sleep quality. This study aims to determine the correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality among students of the Diploma III Nursing Program at Universitas Abulyatama. This study employs a quantitative correlational-descriptive design applying a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 556 students, while the sample was 85 students selected using proportional random sampling. The Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.66, measured sleep hygiene. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.83 of sleep quality. The study took place at Universitas Abulyatama from June 4th to July 3rd, 2025. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test indicates a significant correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality, with a p-value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). The findings reveal that a total of 69.4% of students had good sleep hygiene, and 41.2% had good sleep quality. The results prove that proper sleep hygiene leads to improved sleep quality. Therefore, students should enhance their knowledge on sleep hygiene, as poor sleep hygiene can lead to poor sleep quality.

The hospitality industry is a strategic sector within the global tourism system that heavily depends on service quality and food safety assurance. In hotel operations, the pastry division represents a high-risk unit due to the use of perishable ingredients and intensive manual handling processes. This study aims to analyze the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices in the Pastry Division of Hotel Aruss Semarang in supporting food safety standards within the hospitality industry. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, including Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), sanitation checklists, and temperature control records. Data validity was strengthened through triangulation and member checking, while thematic analysis was used to identify key implementation patterns. The findings indicate that the implementation of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) has generally complied with most of the requirements of Good Processed Food Manufacturing Practices (CPPOB). The availability of sanitation facilities, periodic medical check-ups, equipment maintenance, and FIFO-based storage systems demonstrate management commitment to preventive risk control. However, inconsistencies in handwashing practices and minor construction details that do not fully meet hygienic design standards indicate areas requiring improvement. Overall, hygiene and sanitation implementation in the Pastry Division has been effective in supporting food safety. Strengthening behavioral compliance, continuous training, and facility optimization are recommended to achieve a more sustainable and comprehensive food safety management system.

The postpartum period is a crucial phase for mothers to recover after childbirth. One of the common problems is perineal wounds, caused either by episiotomy or spontaneous rupture, which require proper care to prevent infection and accelerate healing. This case study aimed to provide midwifery care for Mrs. M, 28 years old, P3A0H3, with a second-degree perineal wound at PMB Bd. Silvi Ayu, S.Keb. The SOAP approach was applied through assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation over five days (June 12–16, 2025). Interventions included education on perineal hygiene, encouragement of nutritious food intake, light mobilization, and perineal wound care using boiled binahong leaves. The results showed decreased pain, reduced edema, a dry wound, and complete healing on the fifth day, with the REEDA score decreasing from 11 to 0. The discussion emphasized that flavonoids, saponins, and ascorbic acid in binahong leaves contribute to tissue regeneration and faster healing. Limitations of this study included the short monitoring period, limited sample, and reliance on maternal compliance. In conclusion, binahong leaf decoction was found to be effective, practical, and able to enhance maternal independence in wound care. This study is expected to serve as a reference for midwifery practice and as a basis for further research with a wider scope.

Helminth infections caused by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Taenia sp. remain a major public health concern in tropical regions, including Indonesia, particularly among elementary school children. This study aimed to identify the presence of eggs and larvae of intestinal nematodes and cestodes in fecal samples collected from elementary school children in Bekoso Village, East Kalimantan. The research employed a descriptive survey method with a cross-sectional approach, and laboratory examinations were conducted using the Kato-Katz technique. A total of 16 fecal samples were examined to detect Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Taenia sp. eggs. The results showed that 12.5% of samples were positive for hookworm eggs, 12.5% for Taenia sp. eggs, and 6.25% for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. These findings indicate that poor personal hygiene and inadequate environmental sanitation contribute to an increased risk of intestinal helminth transmission. The study highlights the importance of preventive efforts through the promotion of clean and healthy living behaviors, consistent use of footwear, handwashing with soap, and community participation in mass deworming programs to reduce the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among elementary school children.

Oral candidiasis pseudomembranous is an infection of the oral cavity caused by microorganisms such as fungi, specifically due to the overgrowth of Candida albicans. It frequently manifests in individuals with impaired local or systemic immunity, or those with specific behavioral risk factors. Predisposing factors, such as habitual alcohol consumption and smoking, play a significant role in reducing the resilience of the oral mucosa and altering the balance of the normal oral flora. This case report aims to examine the correlation between behavioral risk factors and the development of pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. A 22-year-old male was reported to have a lesion consisting of thick, raised, whitish plaques that were non-scrapable and asymptomatic. The patient had an unhealthy lifestyle, including alcohol consumption and smoking two packs per day, along with poor oral hygiene. To confirm the suspicion of oral thrush, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination was performed, which revealed the presence of Candida albicans. This led to therapeutic management using Nystatin (Candistatin) and Chlorhexidine, complemented by mechanical treatment with a tongue scraper. Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis in this 22-year-old male patient is a classic example in which local behavioral risk factors and lifestyle act as the main triggers of infection.

Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most frequently encountered oral mucosal conditions. Although RAS has been extensively considered clinically and through research, ulcer occurrence remains unavoidable, and most treatment approaches are primarily symptomatic. Objective: To identify anxiety as a predisposing factor in patients with minor RAS. Case Report: A 24-year-old female patient presented to Soelastri Dental and Oral Hospital with a complaint of an ulcer on the right upper lip. The patient reported pain and a burning sensation for the past four days. The pain worsened when consuming hot food or beverages. The patient had experienced similar episodes previously but had never sought treatment for this condition. Intraoral examination revealed a single shallow ulcer with an oval shape, regular margins, a yellowish-white base surrounded by an erythematous halo, measuring 3 × 2 mm on the right upper lip, and was symptomatic. Case Management: The treatment provided focused primarily on Communication, Information, and Education (CIE). The patient was informed about the predisposing factor experienced, which may contribute to the occurrence of RAS, namely anxiety. The patient also received education regarding maintaining oral hygiene, consuming fruits and vegetables, increasing water intake, eating more regularly, attending a follow-up visit seven days after treatment, and managing anxiety. Conclusion: In this case, RAS management was focused on eliminating predisposing factors, particularly anxiety, which was strongly suspected to be the triggering factor for minor RAS in this patient.

Nosocomial infections, also known as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), are infections acquired by patients during their stay in healthcare facilities. These infections remain a serious problem because they can increase morbidity and mortality rates, prolong the length of hospital stay, and raise healthcare costs. One classical yet highly relevant approach to preventing nosocomial infections is Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean environment, adequate ventilation, proper lighting, effective sanitation, and good personal hygiene to support patient recovery and reduce infection risks. Nightingale believed that environmental factors play a crucial role in improving patient health outcomes and preventing disease transmission. In modern nursing practice, the principles of Nightingale’s theory are still widely applied through infection prevention and control programs, environmental cleanliness standards, and patient-centered care. Therefore, understanding and implementing environmental management in healthcare settings remain essential strategies to reduce nosocomial infection rates and improve the overall quality of healthcare services.