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Consumption of ethylene glycol–containing drugs can cause liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera L.) on AST and ALT levels, liver morphology, hepatosomatic index, and liver histology in ethylene glycol–induced white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with 20 male rats divided into five groups: normal control, ethylene glycol control, and three treatment groups (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg BW). Ethylene glycol was administered for 30 days, while the extract was given for 20 days. Blood samples were collected on day 31. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Duncan’s test. The results showed significant hepatoprotective effects (P = 0.000). AST and ALT levels in the treatment groups differed significantly from the normal control. Liver morphological changes were observed in both control and treatment groups. The hepatosomatic index, number of normal hepatocytes, and central vein diameter also showed significant differences. In conclusion, Moringa leaf extract demonstrates hepatoprotective potential by reducing AST and ALT levels, improving liver morphology, increasing normal hepatocytes, and decreasing central vein diameter, with the optimal dose at 450 mg/kg BW

Histology practicum, as one of the compulsory practicum courses, offers a great opportunity to practice various aspects of science process skills through microscopic tissue observation activities, identification of cell and tissue structures, and analysis of tissue functions in organisms. This study aims to analyze the science process skills biology education students through histology practicum activities. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method to analyze the science process skills of biology education students through histology practicum activities. Data collection in this study used three main techniques, namely science process skills tests, direct observation, and analysis of practicum report documents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using descriptive statistics to describe the profile of students' science process skills. Analysis per aspect revealed that students had good skills in the aspects of observing (78.50%), classifying (76.33%), interpreting data (71.67%), applying concepts (73.25%), and communicating results (73.40%), which indicates that histology practicum is effective in developing basic science process skills. However, the aspects of formulating hypotheses (58.17%) and planning experiments (54.83%) were still in the sufficient category, indicating that students experienced difficulties in integrated science process skills that require higher-order thinking skills. The findings this study provide important implications for the development of more comprehensive histology practicum learning strategies, including the integration of inquiry approaches, the use of continuous formative assessment, the application of differentiated learning, and strengthening the connection between theory and practice to optimize the development of all aspects of science process skills of prospective biology teachers.  

This study aims to observe the phases of mitosis in the meristem cells of shallot roots (Allium cepa) through microscopic observation as part of the Cell Biology learning model. Mitosis is an important part of the cell cycle that plays a role in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. A deep understanding of the mitosis process is an important foundation in various branches of biology, including genetics, biotechnology, and histology. Shallot roots were chosen because they have actively dividing meristem tissue at the root tip,as well as a large and transparent cell structure that facilitates the staining and observation process. Preparation was carried out by soaking the onion roots in a solution of acetic acid and alcohol for fixation,then staining with acetocarmine acid so that the chromosomes are clearly visible. The process of crushing the root tip and pressing it on a glass object (squash method) was used to expand the observation area. A light microscope with a magnification of 400x and 1000x was used to identify the division phases. Observation results show the presence of all phases of mitosis, namely prophase (nucleolus and nuclear membrane begin to disappear,chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes line up at the equator), anaphase (chromatids separate to opposite poles), and telophase (nuclear membrane and two daughter cell nuclei re-form). Visual documentation in the form of microscopic photographs and descriptive tables clarify the identification of these phases, thus facilitating student understanding.From a pedagogical perspective, this microscopic practicum-based learning has been proven to improve students' observational skills, laboratory skills, and conceptual understanding of cell division. Students not only memorize theories, but directly experience the scientific process through exploration and discussion of observation results. Evaluation of learning outcomes is carried out through post-practicum quizzes and student worksheets, showing an increase in understanding scores of more than 30%.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using Methylene Blue stain in the microscopic observation of frog skin cell structures. Cell staining is an essential technique in histological studies, as it enhances the visibility of cellular components that are otherwise difficult to observe without contrast. Methylene Blue is known to have a high affinity for acidic components within the cell nucleus, thus providing a clearer depiction of nuclear and cell membrane structures. This research employed a descriptive experimental method by preparing frog skin tissue samples stained with Methylene Blue and observing them under a light microscope. The results indicated that Methylene Blue staining produced high contrast, allowing for the identification of hexagonal-shaped cells and dark, centralized nuclei. The obtained microscopic images revealed a uniform distribution of cells with clearly observable morphological structures. Therefore, Methylene Blue is proven to be effective in enhancing the microscopic visualization of epithelial tissue in frog skin and is recommended for use in both educational and basic biological research contexts.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using Methylene Blue stain in the microscopic observation of frog skin cell structures. Cell staining is an essential technique in histological studies, as it enhances the visibility of cellular components that are otherwise difficult to observe without contrast. Methylene Blue is known to have a high affinity for acidic components within the cell nucleus, thus providing a clearer depiction of nuclear and cell membrane structures. This research employed a descriptive experimental method by preparing frog skin tissue samples stained with Methylene Blue and observing them under a light microscope. The results indicated that Methylene Blue staining produced high contrast, allowing for the identification of hexagonal-shaped cells and dark, centralized nuclei. The obtained microscopic images revealed a uniform distribution of cells with clearly observable morphological structures. Therefore, Methylene Blue is proven to be effective in enhancing the microscopic visualization of epithelial tissue in frog skin and is recommended for use in both educational and basic biological research contexts.