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The fiqh principle stating that a leader’s policies and actions toward the people must be based on public welfare is an Islamic legal principle emphasizing that every action and policy of a leader should be oriented toward the interests and well-being of society. This study aims to examine the meaning, normative foundations, concepts, and implementation of this principle in state governance. The research employs a library research method with a normative approach through the analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh literature, scholarly journals, and relevant legislation. The findings indicate that this principle has a strong foundation in the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly regarding trustworthiness, justice, and the responsibility of leaders toward their people. Conceptually, this principle is closely related to the theories of maqashid al-shari’ah and siyasah shar’iyyah, which place public welfare as the primary objective of Islamic law. In practice, the principle is applied in various fields, including public administration, law and legislation, religious policies, as well as economic and fiscal policies. Its implementation can be seen in policies concerning the prohibition of interfaith marriage, marriage dispensation, marriage legalization hearings (isbat), the suspension of Hajj departures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the management of state finances during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Therefore, this principle demonstrates that Islamic law possesses flexible and adaptive characteristics while maintaining a strong orientation toward public welfare, making it relevant to modern systems of governance.

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.

Leadership in Islamic education is an important aspect aimed at forming a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also strong in faith and morals. The basic concept of leadership in this context includes several key aspects, namely leadership based on Islamic values, noble character, and educational goals. Leaders in Islamic education are expected to serve as role models for students, implement the principle of shura (consultation) in decision-making, and emphasize the importance of beneficial knowledge. The purpose of this research is to understand the principles of leadership in Islamic education derived from the Qur'an and Hadith. Data was collected through literature studies and document analysis. The results of the research indicate that leadership in Islamic education must be based on Islamic principles such as honesty, justice, and wisdom. Islamic education leaders are responsible for guiding students towards optimal self-development, both academically, morally, and spiritually. The conclusion of this research shows that the concept of leadership in Islamic education must combine modern leadership principles with spiritual and ethical values of Islam to create a good leadership model. This research provides insights into the basic concepts of leadership in Islamic education.

Leader Justice refers to the principles and practices of justice implemented by a leader in carrying out their responsibilities. It encompasses various aspects, including fairness in decision-making, treatment of subordinates, allocation of resources, and organizational policies. A leader who practices justice is considered fair, transparent, and treats all members equally. This research proposes a comprehensive analysis of leader justice by focusing on the quality of hadith, the concept, and its implementation in the context of modern leadership. The study aims to understand how Islamic teachings, particularly those found in hadith, shape the concept of leader justice and how this concept can be effectively implemented in the context of modern leadership. The research methodology includes a review of relevant literature on hadith, justice theories, and modern leadership. The findings of this research are expected to provide profound insights into how the values of justice in Islamic teachings can serve as relevant guidance for modern leaders in carrying out their duties fairly and ethically. This research is anticipated to make a positive contribution to our understanding of the connection between religious teachings, justice, and leadership in the contemporary era.