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Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to control blood glucose levels and improve digestive health. These benefits are closely associated with its bioactive metabolite content. This article aims to characterize the bioactive metabolites of bitter melon and to review their potential bioactivity in glycemic control and digestive function. The method employed includes a literature-based characterization of metabolites, identification of major classes of active compounds, and evaluation of analytical techniques commonly applied in natural product research, such as phytochemical screening, chromatography, and spectroscopic analysis. The results indicate that bitter melon contains various bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, which contribute to blood glucose reduction by enhancing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting glucose absorption. Furthermore, these compounds support digestive health by improving digestive enzyme activity, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects, and maintaining gut microbial balance. In conclusion, bitter melon represents a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with significant potential for application in health and pharmaceutical development.

Diabetes Mellitus is a complication caused by severe disturbances, particularly in the metabolic composition of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body. The level of patient compliance in taking medication is one of the factors that determine the success of diabetes mellitus therapy. Compliance with treatment plays a crucial role in controlling metabolic conditions, especially in diabetes mellitus patients. The impact of non-compliance with medication in type II diabetes mellitus patients will increase uncontrolled blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications of organ damage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between medication compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital in Tegal City. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 58 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used univariate and bivariate analysis (chi-square). Characteristics of 58 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus at Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital, Tegal City, most of them are aged 46-60 years, with female gender, with most of them having junior high school education, some with working status, with a duration of suffering for >5 years, most with moderate medication adherence and most with normal blood sugar levels. There is a relationship between medication adherence and blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital, Tegal City (0.000). It is hoped that it can provide valuable information for diabetes sufferers about the importance of medication adherence to blood sugar levels so that blood sugar levels can be controlled.

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang jumlah penderitanya terus bertambah setiap tahunnya, termasuk di wilayah Puskesmas Brebes. Banyaknya pasien dengan kondisi klinis yang beragam mendorong perlunya suatu metode untuk mengelompokkan pasien berdasarkan tingkat keparahannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan algoritma K-Means dalam proses pengelompokan pasien Diabetes Mellitus dengan menggunakan beberapa parameter klinis, yaitu Gula Darah Puasa (GDP), kadar HbA1c, Kolesterol Total (CHOL), serta tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode data mining berbasis algoritma K-Means. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari rekam medis Puskesmas Brebes. Proses klasterisasi menghasilkan tiga kelompok, yaitu kategori risiko rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma K-Means mampu melakukan pengelompokan data pasien secara akurat sesuai tingkat keparahan. Hasil tersebut kemudian divisualisasikan melalui sistem berbasis web yang bertujuan untuk mempermudah pihak puskesmas dalam menganalisis kondisi pasien serta mendukung pengambilan keputusan medis yang lebih efektif.

Background: Type II Diabetes Mellitus is increasingly affecting young adults. Sleep quality is one of the factors influencing blood glucose levels. Poor sleep can impair glucose metabolism and worsen diabetic conditions. Objective: To determine the relationship between sleep quality and blood glucose levels among young adults with Type II Diabetes Mellitus at RSD Gunung Jati. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. A total of 151 young adult respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Instruments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and a glucometer to assess sleep quality and blood glucose levels, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between sleep quality and blood glucose levels, with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and blood glucose levels among young adults with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Good sleep quality plays a crucial role in diabetes management and glycemic control.

Consumption of sweetened beverages contributes to increased blood glucose levels that lead to the risk of pre-diabetes and type II diabetes mellitus. Fasting blood sugar examination is an early screening tool to detect hidden metabolic disorders and educate the public about the importance of controlling sugar consumption. The examination was conducted through capillary blood sampling and point-of-care testing (POCT) analysis of 91 adult participants. Education was delivered in the form of a leaflet emphasizing the impact of sweetened beverage consumption on glucose regulation and the risk of insulin resistance. The results were classified into three categories: normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. The majority of participants (86.8%) were in the normoglycemic category. As many as 9.9% were classified as pre-diabetes and 3.3% were in the diabetes category. The average fasting blood sugar of the participants was 89.5 ± 20.1 mg/dL. These results emphasize the need for counseling regarding limiting the consumption of sweetened beverages to maintain stable blood glucose. Fasting blood sugar examination accompanied by education about sweetened beverages contributes to early detection of the risk of glucose disorders. Interventions based on examination results have the potential to increase awareness of fluid consumption patterns and encourage healthier lifestyle changes.   Keywords: Fasting Blood Sugar, Sugary Drinks, Pre-Diabetes, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Nutrition Education

He primary issue in hyperglycemia is insulin resistance, a condition where the body becomes less responsive to insulin, preventing glucose from being effectively absorbed by cells. One method to address insulin resistance in patients is through physical activities such as exercise. This study aims to analyze the impact of diabetes mellitus exercises on blood glucose levels in patients with hyperglycemia. This study employed a One Group Pretest-Posttest design with a Cross-Sectional approach. The population consisted of all hyperglycemia patients in Dusun Putuk, Banaran Village, Kandangan Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, totaling 50 respondents. The study sample included 44 hyperglycemia patients selected using the Simple Random Sampling method. The independent variable was diabetes mellitus exercises, while the dependent variable was blood glucose levels, measured using a glucose test device. Data processing involved editing, coding, and tabulation. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Test. The results showed that, before the exercises, blood glucose levels (BGL) were low in 9 respondents (20%), moderate in 15 respondents (35%), and high in 20 respondents (45%). After the exercises, BGL were low in 29 respondents (66%), moderate in 10 respondents (23%), and high in 5 respondents (11%). The Wilcoxon Test results indicated a p-value < 0.05, specifically p=0.009, thereby accepting H1. Nurses are encouraged to include diabetes mellitus exercises as part of hyperglycemia management programs, especially to enhance the effectiveness of blood glucose control. Further research with larger sample sizes and extended intervention durations is recommended to strengthen these findings.

Dermatoporosis is a chronic skin fragility syndrome common in the elderly, characterized by thinning of the skin that increases the risk of injury, bruising, and delayed wound healing. Chronic hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of dermatoporosis. This community service activity aims to screen blood sugar levels, HbA1c, and dermatoporosis and educate the elderly using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) method at Panti Bina Bhakti, South Tangerang. This activity involved 93 elderly participants aged >65 years. Meanwhile, based on the results of the HbA1C examination, 52 people had moderate glycemic control and 24 people had poor glycemic control. The results of the dermatoporosis examination have not been included. Early intervention through education and monitoring of blood sugar levels can reduce the risk of dermatoporosis, improve the health of the elderly's skin, and reduce the burden of health care.

This community service activity was conducted at the Catholic Church of Santu Petrus Pariti, Kupang Regency, involving 124 participants for blood type examinations and 69 participants for blood pressure and glucose level tests. The event began with a retreat by the Medical Laboratory Technology students aimed at raising community awareness about health. A positive response was observed through the enthusiasm of the community, who actively asked questions, indicating that they gained new knowledge related to health examinations. In blood type examinations conducted at TK Santa Maria Pariti and SEKAMI, it was found that among 18 female and 22 male children, 5 participants had blood type A, 15 had blood type B, 17 had blood type O, and 1 had blood type AB. Additionally, glucose level tests revealed that 4 participants had normal glucose levels, while 65 had abnormal levels. Blood pressure tests among the elderly showed 16 with abnormal readings and 53 with normal readings. The examination results provided an initial overview of the health status of the local community, highlighting variations in blood types, glucose levels, and blood pressure conditions. This activity is expected to enhance awareness of the importance of regular health check-ups among the community.

Temporary blood sugar is the level of glucose in the blood that measured without considering the time of the last meal, and often used to detect diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. This community service activity aims to describe the distribution of blood sugar levels in 68 men and women of productive age at  Kalam Kudus II High School, Jakarta. This community service activity is carried out using the Plan-Do-Check-Action method. The results showed that the majority of respondents had normal fasting blood sugar levels (97.1%), with an average of 113.26 mg/dL and a median of 104 mg/dL. Lifestyle factors, nutrition, genetics, and chronic medical conditions can affect blood sugar levels at any time. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for early detection and management of diabetes mellitus, which can prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. Prevention strategies include a healthy diet, physical activity, patient education, and appropriate medical interventions. Comprehensive public health programs are needed to increase awareness and management of diabetes, as well as improve the quality of life of individuals affected by this disease.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease caused by the pancreas that does not produce enough insulin. His high blood sugar levels marked the influence of factors that occur. Therefore, the patient must understand what influences make his blood sugar levels higher. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect blood sugar. The research method used correlational analysis with sectional design and total sampling techniques.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a serious condition that occurs over a long period of time, where blood sugar levels increase due to lack of production of the hormone insulin by the pancreas. Research Objective: To determine the effect of giving S'Leaf Tea on reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Cisaat Community Health Center Working Area. Method: research method using Quasi Experimental Pretest-Posttest One Group Design. There were 16 respondents in this study. The results were analyzed using the sample paired T-test. Results: The results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples Test obtained a P value of 0.000 < 0.05, where it can be concluded that there is an effect of S'Leaf Tea on reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers at the Cisaat Community Health Center. Conclusion: There is an effect after consuming S'leaf Tea on reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Cisaat Community Health Center Working Area. Suggestion: it is hoped that it can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological therapeutic treatment by consuming it.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels and accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism as a result of insufficient insulin function. Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose levels that exceed normal values (hyperglycemia). Research Objective: To determine the effect of DBW (Wuluh Starfruit Leaves) tea on reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers in the Kadudampit Community Health Center working area. Research Method: The research design used is Quasi Experimental research with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The number of respondents was 16 respondents. The data collection technique used non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling type. Results: the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples Test, the resulting P value was 0.001 < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving DBW (Starfruit Leaf) tea on reducing blood sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus sufferers in the Kadudampit Community Health Center working area. Suggestion: It is hoped that the results of the research conducted can be used as information regarding complementary therapies, namely Starfruit Leaf tea, one of the complementary therapies for Diabetes Mellitus sufferers.

Sugar levels that accumulate in the blood due to not being absorbed well by body cells can cause various organ disorders. If not controlled properly, it can lead to various complications that can be life-threatening. Risk factors that can affect blood sugar levels are food, activity, and weight gain. Therefore, one way to keep blood sugar levels under control is by doing walking therapy activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of walking on the fasting blood sugar levels when in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tuminting Village, Manado City. This research is a quantitative research with a method used pre-experimental method using a with a pre-test-post test one group design approach. The sample was taken based on the number of respondents obtained as many as 19 people using Purposive sampling. Data collection was done by using blood glucose test tools and observation sheets. The results of data analysis using the Paired sample t-test showed P value of 0.001 or smaller than ≤0.05 which means that the alternative hypothesis Ha is accepted or through walking activities can reduce the fasting blood sugar levels when in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Pemerintah saat ini sudah berupaya untuk memperhatikan Kesehatan para lansia, yaitu melalui program- programnya  dari Puskesmas seperti posyandu lansia, namun hal ini masih kurang luas dapat menjangkau para lansia. Hal itu disebabkan karena dengan intensitas kegiatan posyandu yang hanya dilakukan satu kali dalam beberapa minggu oleh karena banyaknya lingkungan dalam cakupan wilayah kerja yang harus dijangkau Puskesmas yang ada di Ds Besani Kec Blado Kab. Batang. Akibatnya para lansia yang mengalami keluhan kembali akan sulit memeriksakan diri ke puskesmas karena masalah kemampuan fisik dan transportasi. Guna mengatasi hal tersebut maka kebutuhan para lansia dalam peningkatan kesehatan diri mereka utamanya melalui Pola Hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) sangatlah penting disampaikan, agar para lansia senantiasa sehat dan tidak mudah terserang penyakit.  Dalam mendukung kegiatan ini menggunakan media visual berupa tayangan Power Point dilayar proyektor. Sebelum program ini dimulai peneliti melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan gratis berupa pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu (GDS). Metode yang digunakan antara lain: Pengisian pre-test, Ceramah dan presentasi,Pengisian post-test. Pengisian pre-test lansia yang datang ke posyandu setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan langsung dipersilakan duduk kemudian diarahkan mengisi kuesioner yang sudah diberikan. Ceramah dan presentasi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan para lansia mengenai PHBS dan gizi seimbang. Kegiatan ini melibatkan dosen dan mahasiswa Program Studi Hukum Program Magister  Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.

GDA (Blood sugar), or monosaccharide, is the body's main metabolic that produces energy in the form of ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). Exercise gives it enough energy to produce glucose into ATP (Adenosia triphosphate). This study used the elderly group as the research target. The purpose of this study is to identify how to reduce GDA (blood sugar) levels in the elderly in the Surabaya area and to educate elderly people to pay more attention to their blood sugar so that they can avoid blood sugar disease. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection and processing technique applied during the research was the deep interview technique. The research sample was taken from a total of 30 elderly people who were interviewed about blood sugar levels. It is known that the behavior of respondents in the knowledge of GDA (blood sugar) can be classified at a fairly good level. The results showed that out of 30 elderly people (100%) showed an increase in knowledge after the delivery of material which initially 10% increased to 90%. From the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of sugar level education with its application is in accordance with the objectives. Researchers hope that the results of the study can be developed so that they are useful and feasible to use.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes mellitus, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases. If not treated immediately can cause damage to the eyes, kidneys, heart disease, hypertension, stroke and even cause gangrene. One of the non-pharmacological treatments is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Objective: To determine changes in blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after progressive muscle relaxation therapy. Method: Descriptive method with a case study approach to 2 respondents in Jengglong Hamlet, Karanganyar Regency. The duration of giving progressive muscle relaxation therapy to respondents was 20 minutes in the morning and evening for 7 days from 25 May 2023 to 31 May 2023. Results: The blood sugar levels of the two respondents before applying progressive muscle relaxation therapy were 243 mg/dL and 255 mh/dL. After application, blood sugar levels dropped to 167 mg/dL and 221 mg/dL. Conclusion: The application of progressive muscle relaxation is able to reduce blood sugar levels in both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Jengglong Hamlet, Karanganyar Regency.

Background : The elderly will experience various declines that have an impact on one of the problems in the endocrine system, namely diabetes mellitus. One of the reasons for lack of physical exercise. Data from Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus diagnosed aged 65 to 74 years is 6.03%. Based on data from PKD Mliwis cadres, there were 76 cases of elderly people with DM. One of the recommended physical exercises for diabetic patients is walking. Walking can help muscles absorb blood sugar in the body. Purpose: To find out the results of implementing walking in the elderly on blood sugar levels in Mliwis Village. Method: This type of case study research uses descriptive research methods. Prior to the research, interviews and observations were carried out through observation sheets (pre-test) and after the intervention, results were observed (post-test). Management of diabetes mellitus by walking is given 3 times in 1 week. This therapy is given for 3 days in 30 minutes at one meeting. Results: Obtained an average reduction in sugar levels in the first respondent by 11,6 mg/dl while the second respondent obtained an average decrease of 16 mg/dl. Conclusion: This walking therapy can reduce blood sugar levels in 2 respondents.

Blood glucose levels are something that the general population is aware of and should be tested on a regular basis. These regular checks can help to prevent a rise in diabetes, which has the potential to limit productivity; thus, it is critical to know the level of glucose in the community. Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1 to better comprehend the implications. The goal Community service is done out  to raise awareness and information about the importance of regulating blood sugar levels in Griya Putri Ayu Housing Society Block T1, Alang-alang Lebar District, Palembang City. Method: Community service is done out by monitoring blood sugar levels using an autochek. The blood sugar levels of 11 participant were examined. The average blood sugar level of Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1 occupants is 108.4 mg/dl, with 1 person having diabetes mellitus because blood glucose levels surpass the normal limit of 250 mg/dLDiscussion: Following screening, residents are found to be better educated about blood glucose levels. It is believed that by doing so, Griya Putri Ayu Housing Block T1, Alang-alang Lebar District, Palembang City residents would become more conscious of the need of leading a healthier lifestyle.  

Penyakit tidak menular seperti penyakit kardiovaskular (CVD), obesitas, dan diabetes tipe 2 (T2D) meningkat secara dramatis di kalangan orang dewasa muda. Asupan kalori yang meningkat sebagian besar berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan tingkat obesitas di antara populasi umum, yang juga berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan tingkat diabetes. Massa jaringan adiposa yang lebih tinggi telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan peradangan dan resistensi insulin pada penelitian sebelumnya, yang pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan T2D dan CVD. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di kalangan mahasiswa di Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga pada tanggal 23 Agustus 2022. Hasil Peserta pengabdian masyarakat ini berusia antara 18 hingga 22 tahun. Sejumlah mahasiswa dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan kardiometabolik seperti seperti peningkatan tekanan darah, kelebihan berat badan, dan peningkatan kadar gula darah kapiler. Pemeriksaan kesehatan secara dini pada dewasa muda serta promosi kesehatan sangat dianjurkan.

Penggunaan bahan alami sebagai terapi alternatif sangat membantu untuk menekan biaya terapi dan perawatan bagi klien diabetes mellitus. Salah satu jenis terapi yang paling baik dan mudah didapat untuk penderita diabetes mellitus adalah susu kedelai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk pengaruh pemberian susu kedelai terhadap kadar gula pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian quasy experimen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Biru. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis didapatkan nilai p-value = 0,000 < dari nilai α 0,05, artinya Ha diterima dan H0  ditolak, maka ada pengaruh pemberian susu kedelai terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Kesimpulannya, susu kedelai mengandung protein, isoflavin dan serat yang tinggi yang bermanfaat terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Saran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan untuk masyarakat berupa terapi nonfarmakologi yang baik dikonsumsi untuk penderita diabetes mellitus.