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This study discusses the concept of polygamy from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia, focusing on the principles of justice and its impact on women and families. Polygamy is one of the issues in fiqh munakahat that continues to generate debate because it is considered closely related to patriarchal culture, gender inequality, and violence against women. This study aims to analyze the legal basis of polygamy in the Qur’an, the views of scholars of tafsir and fiqh regarding polygamy, as well as the regulation of polygamy in Indonesian legislation. This study employs a library research method with a normative-sociological approach. Data sources were obtained from books of tafsir, fiqh, hadith, Islamic legal literature, and laws and regulations related to marriage in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islam permits polygamy under very strict conditions, particularly regarding the husband’s ability to act justly both materially and emotionally. However, justice in emotional aspects and affection is considered very difficult for ordinary people to achieve, as emphasized in Qur'an Surah An-Nisa verse 129. In Indonesian positive law, the primary principle of marriage is monogamy, while polygamy is only permitted under certain circumstances with administrative requirements and court approval. This study concludes that the practice of polygamy in the modern era should be understood contextually by considering aspects of public welfare (maslahah), the protection of women’s rights, family justice, and the primary objectives of Islamic law in establishing a harmonious family characterized by sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah.             

This study aimed to analyze the influence of workload and burnout on nurses’ sleep quality while controlling for age, gender, and education as potential confounding variables. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 156 nurses working in a private hospital in Depok City. Data were collected using a workload questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests and multiple logistic regression. The findings showed that both workload and burnout had significant effects on sleep quality (p < 0.05), with burnout identified as the most dominant factor. Age and gender were also significantly associated with sleep quality, whereas education did not show a statistically significant effect. The regression model demonstrated excellent fit, indicated by a McFadden pseudo R² value of 0.908. These results suggest that occupational factors, particularly burnout, play an important role in determining nurses’ sleep quality. Therefore, effective stress reduction and workload management strategies are needed to support nurses’ well-being and improve sleep quality.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. HbA1c levels are used as an indicator of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is one of the treatment options given to help achieve glycemic control targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research method used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had used insulin and non-insulin therapy for less than 1 year, using Purposive Sampling techniques and data analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. This study has obtained ethical approval from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study shows that the characteristics of gender and age of type 2 DM patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy are dominated by women at 60.0% and 43.3%, while elderly patients at 60.0% and 53.3%. Of the 50 patients using insulin, 45 patients (90.0%) had controlled HbA1c and 5 patients (10.0%) were uncontrolled. Meanwhile, all non-insulin patients, 30 patients (100%), had uncontrolled HbA1c. Based on this study, there is a significant difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy with a p-value <0.001. Patients using insulin therapy tend to have better glycemic control than patients not using insulin therapy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. HbA1c levels are used as an indicator of long-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy is one of the treatment options given to help achieve glycemic control targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research method used a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects in this study were 80 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had used insulin and non-insulin therapy for less than 1 year, using Purposive Sampling techniques and data analysis using SPSS with Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. This study has obtained ethical approval from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study shows that the characteristics of gender and age of type 2 DM patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy are dominated by women at 60.0% and 43.3%, while elderly patients at 60.0% and 53.3%. Of the 50 patients using insulin, 45 patients (90.0%) had controlled HbA1c and 5 patients (10.0%) were uncontrolled. Meanwhile, all non-insulin patients, 30 patients (100%), had uncontrolled HbA1c. Based on this study, there is a significant difference in HbA1c levels between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with insulin and non-insulin therapy with a p-value <0.001. Patients using insulin therapy tend to have better glycemic control than patients not using insulin therapy.

High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has become an increasing public health concern, particularly among adolescents. Excessive SSB intake is a major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, dental caries, and certain types of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the level of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents. This study employed a descriptive literature review approach. Data were obtained from national and international journals relevant to the topic of SSB consumption among adolescents. The selected articles were analyzed to identify factors associated with SSB consumption. The findings indicated that SSB consumption among adolescents is influenced by several factors, including individual factors (gender and knowledge), socioeconomic factors (peer influence and pocket money allowance), environmental factors (mass media exposure and beverage availability), and psychological factors (stress level and preference for sweet tastes). This study highlights that SSB consumption is a multifactorial behavior influenced by various interacting determinants. Therefore, comprehensive interventions targeting both individual and environmental factors are needed to reduce SSB consumption among adolescents.

Work stress is a critical occupational health concern among midwives working at primary healthcare facilities. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze factors associated with work stress among 30 midwives, including age, marital status, length of service, and dual-role conflict. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring work stress (9 valid items) and dual-role conflict (6 items), and analyzed through univariate, bivariate (Fisher's Exact Test and Chi-Square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Results showed that 43.3% of midwives experienced high work stress and 53.3% reported high dual-role conflict. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between work stress and marital status (p=0.009) and dual-role conflict (p=0.004), while age (p=0.633) and length of service (p=0.586) were not significant. Multivariate analysis identified dual-role conflict as the primary determinant of work stress (OR=15.762; 95% CI: 2.149–115.631; p=0.007). Healthcare facility management should develop gender-responsive policies and workplace stress intervention programs to reduce dual-role conflict and work stress among midwives.

Discrimination in the workplace is a problem that can hinder the creation of a fair and inclusive work environment. Discrimination can take the form of differential treatment of employees based on gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors unrelated to individual performance and competence. To address this issue, the law plays a crucial role in providing employee protection to ensure equality and non-discrimination in the workplace. Various legal instruments, both national and international, regulate employee protection from discrimination, including the Employment Law, the Human Rights Law, and conventions issued by the International Labour Organization (ILO). However, the effective implementation of these regulations remains a challenge, particularly in terms of implementation, enforcement, and employee awareness of their rights. This study aims to analyze the role of law in protecting employees from discrimination in the workplace by examining applicable regulations and the challenges in their implementation. The research method used is a normative juridical method, which focuses on the study of relevant laws and legal principles. The analysis is conducted on national legal provisions and international legal instruments as references for protecting workers from discrimination. Furthermore, this study identifies barriers to legal implementation and offers recommendations to improve the effectiveness of legal protection for employees. This analysis is expected to provide insight into the urgency of regulatory reform and strengthening so that the law can play an optimal role in creating a fairer and more discrimination-free work environment.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a long-term inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, which significantly impacts patients’ quality of life due to persistent and recurrent symptoms. Limited epidemiological data regarding CRS are available in Central Kalimantan, particularly at RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus in Palangka Raya, prompting this study to determine its prevalence and patient distribution characteristics. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from medical records of patients diagnosed with CRS in 2023 and 2024. Univariate analysis was conducted, and results were presented in tables and diagrams illustrating frequency distributions by year, gender, age, and main complaints. The findings showed a total of 118 CRS patients, with 53 cases in 2023 and 65 cases in 2024. The prevalence of CRS increased from 4.91% in 2023 to 10.83% in 2024. Based on gender, males accounted for 50.8% (60 patients), while females represented 49.2% (58 patients). The age group most affected was 46–55 years (31%), indicating a predominance among individuals of productive age. Nasal congestion was the most frequent primary complaint, reported by 35% of patients. The study concludes that the prevalence of CRS at RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus increased notably from 2023 to 2024, with a slightly higher incidence among males in the productive age group. These findings highlight the need for enhanced preventive measures and early diagnosis to manage CRS more effectively in the local population.

Diabetes Mellitus is a non-communicable disease with an increasing prevalence and has become a major public health concern globally and nationally. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is influenced by various individual and environmental factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age, gender, and residential proximity to landfill areas and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Bendosari District. A quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study population consisted of 1,890 patient visit records recorded in the Management Information System of Bendosari Public Health Center in 2025. A total of 363 respondents were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The findings showed that age was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.000; OR=79.790; 95% CI=53.511–118.974). Gender was also significantly related to diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.000; OR=0.298; 95% CI=0.203–0.435), indicating that females had a higher risk than males. In contrast, residential proximity to landfill areas was not significantly associated with diabetes mellitus incidence (p=0.308; OR=1.247; 95% CI=0.439–3.540). Multivariate analysis revealed that age and gender were the dominant factors influencing diabetes mellitus incidence, with the model explaining 56.1% of the variation. The study concludes that age and gender are significant determinants of diabetes mellitus incidence, whereas residential proximity to landfill areas has not been proven to significantly affect its occurrence.

Transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and enhancing socio-economic activities in urban areas. The increasing population growth and community activities in Sorong City have led to a higher demand for transportation modes. This study aims to identify the characteristics of transportation users in Kota Sorong and to analyze the probability of selecting different transportation modes using the Multinomial Logit (MNL) method. A quantitative approach was employed in this research. Questionnaires were distributed to 225 transportation users in Sorong City. The variables analyzed included gender, age, occupation, income, trip purpose, travel frequency, and reasons for choosing a transportation mode. The data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with SPSS software. The results indicate that transportation mode choice is influenced not only by socio-economic factors, but also by showed that income, trip purpose, travel frequency, and reasons for choosing the mode significantly influenced transportation mode choice, while gender, age, and occupation did not have significant effects. The probability analysis indicated that private vehicles had the highest probability of selection at 89.63%, followed by online transportation at 9.96%, and conventional motorcycle taxis at 0.41%. These findings imply that socio-economic and travel behavior factors strongly influence transportation mode preferences in Sorong City and may serve as a reference for future urban transportation planning and policy development.

This study aims to examine the role of the government in implementing gender political education in schools in Bengkulu Province. Within the context of Indonesia's national education system, gender equality remains a crucial issue that requires sustained attention, particularly in formal educational institutions. As the primary policymaker, the government plays a strategic role in ensuring that educational policies, curricula, teaching practices, and school environments promote the principles of gender equality and inclusiveness. This research employs a library research method by reviewing various scientific publications, policy documents, laws and regulations, government reports, and relevant academic sources related to gender and education. The findings reveal that the government has introduced several regulations and programs to support gender-responsive education and enhance equal opportunities for all students. However, the implementation of these policies in schools across Bengkulu Province continues to face significant challenges. These include limited teacher competence in gender-sensitive instruction, inadequate availability of gender-responsive learning materials, insufficient monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and the persistence of patriarchal cultural values that influence educational practices. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening policy implementation, providing continuous gender-based teacher training, developing inclusive learning resources, and integrating gender political education into local curriculum content to promote greater gender awareness and equality in schools throughout Bengkulu Province.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesenjangan minat belajar yang melekat di kalangan mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan minat belajar pada mahasiswa STAI Sebelas April mengacu pada tiga tipe gaya belajar, yaitu auditory, visual dan kinestetik berdasar gender. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode komparasional menggunakan analisis data statistik melalui uji Two Way Anova dengan General Linear Model. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap temuan yaitu: Terdapat pengaruh gaya belajar auditory, visual dan kinestetik terhadap minat belajar mahasiswa (p = < 0.001); Namun tidak terdapat pengaruh gender terhadap minat belajar (p = 0.610); Dan tidak terdapat interaksi gaya belajar dengan gender dalam membangun minat belajar mahasiswa (p = 0.704 > 0.05). Penelitian ini berimplikasi bahwa keragaman gaya belajar mahasiswa terkait erat dalam memupuk minat belajarnya. Penelitian merekomendasikan agar dosen mengakomodir semua keragaman gaya belajar di dalam proses perkuliahan.

This research aims to analyze how gender and culture are represented in the Grade VIII Indonesian language textbook of the Merdeka Curriculum. The focus is on various aspects of gender representation, such as the depiction of characters, their roles, activities, attributes, social status, gender equality, and stereotypes related to gender. Additionally, the study explores cultural representation, which encompasses cultural forms, diversity, local traditions, context, ways of presentation, and the cultural values expressed in the textbook's texts and illustrations. The methodology employed is descriptive qualitative research with a content analysis framework. Data were gathered through documenting and note-taking methods on the content of the textbook, followed by an analysis process that includes identification, classification, interpretation, and drawing conclusions. Findings indicate that the gender representation in the textbook predominantly portrays men as leading figures in public roles, leadership, and decision-making, whereas women are mainly shown in nurturing, domestic, and supportive capacities. On the other hand, the cultural representation illustrates the variety of Indonesian culture by showcasing regional customs, languages, art forms, traditional cuisine, practices, and societal norms. The study concludes that although the textbook presents cultural diversity adequately, there is a need for improvement in gender representation balance to better reflect equality values in the educational experience.

The article entitled “Gender Construction and Representation of Social Actors in the Drama Lutung Kasarung: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Theo van Leeuwen” aims to describe the representation of gender-based social actors through inclusion and exclusion strategies and to reveal the construction of gender ideology built in the drama text. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. The research data source is the drama text Lutung Kasarung, while the analysis unit includes dialogue, narrative, and the depiction of characters who represent gender-based social actors. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation by reading, identifying, and grouping data according to Theo van Leeuwen's analysis categories. The results of the study show that the inclusion strategy is more dominantly used to present male characters as strong, rational figures, and have authority in determining the course of the story. In contrast, female characters are represented in two patterns, namely the ideal passive woman and the dominant woman who is constructed negatively. In addition, the exclusion strategy is used to obscure the role of women in decision-making, thereby reinforcing gender marginalization. This study concludes that the drama Lutung Kasarung represents patriarchal ideology through discourse practices that shape power relations between men and women.

Telepharmacy is a digital-based pharmaceutical service innovation aimed at improving access to healthcare services and enhancing the quality of pharmaceutical care, particularly in areas with limited healthcare resources. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of telepharmacy services at Sehat Plus Pharmacy based on the six healthcare quality dimensions established by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely safety, effectiveness, timeliness, efficiency, equity, and patient-centeredness, and to analyze their association with respondent characteristics. A quantitative descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study involved 35 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman correlation tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results indicated that the overall implementation of telepharmacy services was categorized as very good (88.8%), with the safety dimension achieving the highest evaluation score among all quality dimensions. Most respondents were female and aged between 21 and 25 years. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between age and perceptions of telepharmacy implementation (p = 0.004; r = -0.471), indicating a moderate negative correlation. In contrast, gender, educational level, and occupation showed no significant association with service implementation (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that telepharmacy services at Sehat Plus Pharmacy have met WHO healthcare quality standards and provide positive user experiences, while age remains an important factor influencing service perception and acceptance.

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that mental health issues frequently arise during late childhood and early adolescence. Adolescence is  a transitional phase marked by physical, emotional, and social changes, which can impact an individual's psychological well-being. Data from the 2022 Indonesia-National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS) showed that approximately 15.5 million adolescents (34.9%) experienced mental health problems, while 2.45 million adolescents (5.5%) were identified as having mental disorders. This confirms that adolescent mental health is an issue that requires serious attention. This study aimed to determine the mental health status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja. The research method used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population included all 12th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja, with 188 students selected as samples using a proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) questionnaire and was analyzed using univariate analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents were in the good category, amounting to 114 (60.6%). Based on gender characteristics, the majority of respondents were female, amounting to 110 (58.5%), while based on residential status, most respondents lived with their parents/family, amounting to 187 (99.5%). These findings indicated that, in general, the mental health of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja was in a fairly good condition.

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that mental health issues frequently arise during late childhood and early adolescence. Adolescence is  a transitional phase marked by physical, emotional, and social changes, which can impact an individual's psychological well-being. Data from the 2022 Indonesia-National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS) showed that approximately 15.5 million adolescents (34.9%) experienced mental health problems, while 2.45 million adolescents (5.5%) were identified as having mental disorders. This confirms that adolescent mental health is an issue that requires serious attention. This study aimed to determine the mental health status of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja. The research method used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The population included all 12th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja, with 188 students selected as samples using a proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) questionnaire and was analyzed using univariate analysis. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents were in the good category, amounting to 114 (60.6%). Based on gender characteristics, the majority of respondents were female, amounting to 110 (58.5%), while based on residential status, most respondents lived with their parents/family, amounting to 187 (99.5%). These findings indicated that, in general, the mental health of adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Sokaraja was in a fairly good condition.

Regulatory overlap between the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Pornography Law, and the Sexual Violence Crimes Law in the handling of online gender-based violence (KBGO) in Indonesia creates a conflict of norms that results in double victimization. This normative legal study aims to identify the concrete forms of victim sacrifice resulting from overlapping regulations and to critique the inability of conflict-resolution mechanisms to address these conflicts through the principle of lex specialis systematica from a substantive justice perspective. The findings reveal four forms of victim sacrifice: victim criminalization, the length of the judicial process, inconsistencies in court rulings, and the failure to fulfill the right to restitution and the right to be forgotten. This study also concludes that the lex specialis systematis principle is inadequate because its dogmatic approach disregards the interests of victims, requires time and expertise that ordinary victims lack, and is not consistently applied in courts. This study recommends a paradigm shift from a dogmatic approach to a victim-centered approach.

This study aims to explain the construction of gender identity in Toni Morrison's novel Beloved through Judith Butler's gender performativity theory. This novel tells the story of the traumatic experience of slavery that shapes racial identity as well as the social issues, power relations, and extreme violence depicted within it. This study explains how Sethe and other female characters in the novel Beloved construct and demonstrate their identities through concrete actions as a form of protest against slavery. Based on Judith Butler's performativity approach, identity is not understood through a fixed biological destiny but rather as a repetition of social practices and norms within society. In the novel Beloved, Black women are represented not as a fixed biological essence but as the result of the application of norms in society. In Beloved, the Black female body is depicted as a source of oppression and a space of resistance. The system of slavery in Beloved not only controls the physical body but also women's subjectivity. Sethe's actions in protecting her child in the novel can be read as an attempt to shake up hegemonic maternal norms. The results of this study indicate that Morrison portrays identity as a political construct and always in the process of becoming. The trauma depicted in the novel is a performative mechanism that shapes the characters' subjectivities. Thus, an analysis of gender performativity in Beloved cannot be separated from the intersectional issues of race, history, slavery, and patriarchal culture.