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  Red dragon fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant potential and possess natural pigments that can be used as cosmetic colorants. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a blush-on powder preparation from dragon fruit pulp extract as an alternative natural colorant. The evaluation includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, irritation, spreadability, fineness, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the formulation met most of the requirements, exhibiting a pink color, a smooth texture, no odor, homogeneity, a pH of 6 suitable for the skin, no irritation, even spreadability within 4 applications, a fineness degree of 97.6%, and a moisture content of 6.91%. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.3036 ppm (very strong), although the relative inhibition percentage was low (18.35%). Thus, dragon fruit extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in blush-on powder that provides both color and antioxidant benefits.

Ibuprofen is an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by low water solubility and high permeability. Its limited solubility may reduce the dissolution rate and influence therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to formulate ibuprofen suppositories using cocoa butter (oleum cacao) as the suppository base through the melting method. Each suppository was prepared with a total weight of 2500 mg containing 125 mg ibuprofen, oleum cacao as the base, tween 80 as an emulsifier, and liquid paraffin as a mold lubricant. Before formulation, a displacement value test was performed to determine the exact amount of base required. The prepared suppositories were evaluated through organoleptic examination, weight uniformity, melting time, and dissolution testing. The evaluation results demonstrated that the suppositories possessed acceptable physical characteristics, uniform weight distribution, appropriate melting properties, and satisfactory dissolution behavior. Based on these findings, ibuprofen suppositories formulated with oleum cacao fulfilled pharmaceutical quality requirements in accordance with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia standards.

Effervescent granules are a pharmaceutical dosage form that offer advantages in terms of ease of use, improved palatability, and rapid solubility in water. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of vitamin C Effervescent granules using the dry granulation method. The main materials used included ascorbic acid as the active substance, citric acid and tartaric acid as acid sources, and sodium bicarbonate as the base source. Evaluation was carried out on organoleptic properties, flow properties, pH, angle of repose, moisture content, density, compressibility index, and dispersion time. The results showed that the granules met the requirements for organoleptic properties, pH (4–5), angle of repose (38.41°), compressibility index (12.3%), and dissolution time (49.62 seconds). However, the flow property (29.11 seconds) and moisture content (6.47%) did not meet the established standards. These findings indicate that the formulated granules met most of the evaluation parameters but still require optimization, particularly in the drying process and flow properties, to obtain a more stable and high-quality dosage form.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

This study aims to analyze the policy formulation process for the Pasar Besar revitalization program in Pasuruan City, focusing on the stages involved in policy formulation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews with informants and documentation. The results of the study reveal that the Pasar Besar revitalization policy formulation process does not fully conform to the four ideal stages. Of the four stages that should be followed: problem formulation, agenda process, alternative formulation, and policy determination, only two stages were carried out by policy makers in policy formulation, namely problem definition and policy determination. The results of the study reveal that at the problem definition stage, the Department of Industry and Trade defines the main problem as damage and unsuitability of market facilities and infrastructure, which has reached 70 percent, thus not complying with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for traditional markets. At the policy-making stage, the program is established and implemented through the 2022 Regional Work Plan (RKPD) of the Department of Industry and Trade, with funding provided through financial assistance to the provincial government. Several issues related to the market revitalization program policy formulation process include: the need to expand policy alternatives into several alternative options, such as considering partial or total market revitalization, and the need for alternative marking, such as gradual revitalization or making small but consistent improvements.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is a bioactive plant containing polysaccharides, anthraquinones, sterols, vitamins, minerals, and glycoproteins, contributing to wound healing through anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant mechanisms, fibroblast stimulation, and accelerated re-epithelialization. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) of 37 peer-reviewed articles (2018–2025) to evaluate the biochemical potential of Aloe vera and its application as a basis for modern pharmaceutical topical formulations. Results revealed that acemannan increased fibroblast proliferation by up to 200, modulated TGF-1, enhanced type I and III collagen deposition, and accelerated re-epithelialization. Anthraquinones such as aloin and emodin exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Nanoemulsion and nanogel formulations improved transdermal penetration up to threefold compared to conventional gels. These findings highlight Aloe vera’s potential as a wound healing agent and a basis for modern pharmaceutical topical preparations.

Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi pemasaran live shopping pada platform TikTok Shop dan pengaruhnya terhadap minat beli konsumen dengan pendekatan prinsip syariah. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka sistematis, penelitian ini menganalisis strategi pemasaran digital seperti flash sale, interaksi langsung, dan promosi yang diterapkan dalam live shopping TikTok serta mengkaji bagaimana aspek etika dan kepatuhan syariah memengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi antara strategi pemasaran modern dan prinsip syariah seperti kejujuran, keadilan, kemaslahatan produk, dan kesadaran tauhid mampu meningkatkan minat beli konsumen Muslim sekaligus membangun loyalitas dan citra positif pada platform. Temuan ini memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi pelaku usaha untuk memformulasikan strategi pemasaran yang tidak hanya efektif secara komersial tetapi juga sesuai nilai-nilai Islam. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi baru dengan mengintegrasikan analisis strategi pemasaran live shopping TikTok Shop menggunakan pendekatan prinsip syariah secara komprehensif. Studi ini tidak hanya menilai efektivitas flash sale dan interaksi langsung dalam meningkatkan minat beli, tetapi juga mengevaluasi aspek kejujuran, keadilan, dan kemaslahatan produk yang jarang dikaji secara mendalam dalam konteks pemasaran digital Islami. Pendekatan ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam strategi pemasaran digital demi membangun loyalitas konsumen Muslim secara berkelanjutan.  

The Police Record Certificate (SKCK) policy as one of the requirements in the labor recruitment process often becomes an obstacle for former convicts to obtain employment. In fact, the right to work is part of human rights (HAM) that should be guaranteed for every individual, including those who have completed their sentence. This study analyzes the impact of the SKCK policy on employment opportunities for former convicts and how its elimination can be a progressive step in realizing human rights equality. This study uses a normative legal approach by examining related regulations, human rights principles, and comparative studies with other countries that have implemented inclusive policies for former convicts in the world of work. The results of the study show that the SKCK policy in job recruitment has the potential to discriminate against former convicts and strengthen social stigma, thus hindering their reintegration process into society. The elimination or at least reform of the SKCK policy to be more inclusive is expected to open up fairer access to employment, strengthen social rehabilitation, and reduce the rate of recidivism. Therefore, changes in regulations and policies are needed that better support the fulfillment of the rights of former convicts to obtain equal employment opportunities.

Bahan pangan pada umumnya sangat sensitif dan mudah mengalami penurunan kualitas karena faktor lingkungan, kimia, biokimia, mikrobiologi, oksigen, air, cahaya, dan temperatur. Penelitian tentang pelapisan produk pangan dengan edible coating/film telah banyak dilakukan dan terbukti dapat memperpanjang masa simpan dan memperbaiki kualitas produk. Materi polimer untuk edible coating/film yang paling aman, potensial, dan sudah banyak diteliti adalah bahan organik terbarukan. Smart edible packaging merupakan inovasi kemasan pangan yang menggabungkan fungsi proteksi produk dengan kemampuan mendeteksi perubahan mutu secara visual. Penggunaan bahan dasar alami seperti konjac, kitosan, alginat, dan pati memungkinkan pembentukan film yang stabil, fleksibel, dan aman dikonsumsi. Penambahan bahan aktif berupa antosianin dari bunga rosella dan bunga telang, serta biofiller dari tepung cangkang telur, mampu meningkatkan ketahanan mekanik film serta memberikan indikator perubahan mutu melalui perubahan warna. Smart edible packaging ini berpotensi untuk memperpanjang masa simpan produk, meningkatkan keamanan pangan, serta menjadi solusi pengemasan yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Optimalisasi formulasi dan pengujian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memperluas penerapannya dalam berbagai produk pangan.

Stick is a tasty, healthy, and high-protein snack. Goat milk less optimised due to the assumption that goat's milk smells like a goat, so most people don't like to consume it. Tofu is used as a addition for sticks, because tofu is a food that contains the best non-animal protein. The research was purposed to increase  consumption of goat milk and white tofu by processing it into milk sticks. In addition, it can also produce milk sticks that are rich in protein and liked by panellists. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Disign (CRD) with the first factor being the ratio of curd goat milk and tofu (60%:40%, 50%:50%, 40%:60%) and the second factor being the ratio of wheat flour and tapioca starch (40%:60%, 50%:50%, 60%:40%). The results showed that the substitution of goat milk curd and tofu and the ratio of wheat flour to tapioca starch had a significant effect on characteristics of the milk stick. The best product from several stick formulations in terms of chemical, physical and organoleptic properties is the stick formulation with 60% etawa goat milk curd: 40% white tofu and 60% wheat flour: 40% tapioca starch has a high protein value of 11.51% with a moisture content of 2.27%, ash content of 1.94%, fat content of 32.51%, carbohydrate content by different 51.78%, while etawa goat milk curd sticks with white tofu substitution which has overall level of preffered value of panellists is found in the ratio 3.39 (preferred). Stik  from curd protein of etawa goat milk with white tofu be a potensial source of  protein.

The development of fettuccine pasta products with the addition of tilapia and binahong leaves aims to find the composition of the ingredients of fettuccine pasta that is preferred and well accepted by the panelists. The methods used are experimental method and hedonic test. The experiment of making fettuccine pasta with the addition of tilapia and binahong leaves used a formulation with 3 treatments, namely F1 for the addition of 15 g of tilapia and 35 g of binahong leaves, F2 for the addition of 10 g of tilapia and 40 g of binahong leaves, and F3 for the addition of 5 g of tilapia and 45 g of binahong leaves. The hedonic test involved 25 semi-trained panelists. The results showed that fettuccine pasta with the addition of 15 g of tilapia and 35 g of binahong leaves was the most preferred product and was well accepted by the semi-trained panelists. The composition of the ingredients of the substituted fettuccine pasta with tilapia and binahong leaves that had the best acceptance included 200 g of semolina flour, 15 g of tilapia, 35 g of binahong leaves, 180 g of chicken eggs, 1 tsp of salt, and 1 tsp of olive oil.

Ready-to-drink (RTD) chocolate beverages are increasingly popular, yet traditional formulations often contain dairy components while some consumers are lactose intolerance. The primary challenges in RTD chocolate beverages include achieving acceptable flavor profiles and managing cocoa powder precipitation. This study aimed to formulate a non-dairy ready-to-drink chocolate beverage using a hedonic test and  enhance its physical stability through varied xanthan gum concentrations applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD).A hedonic test involving 30 untrained respondents determined the most preferred formula with the highest preference level (3.7), which consisted of 40% local cocoa powder from Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, 15% commercial cocoa powder, and 45% castor sugar. Stability analysis involved incorporating xanthan gum at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2% (w/v). Results demonstrated that 0.2% xanthan gum concentration yielded the highest viscosity (98 N.s/m²), significantly differing from the control. The lowest precipitation was observed at 0.2% concentration (p-value 0.048). Particle size analysis revealed progressive reduction from 21 μm to 5 μm with increasing xanthan gum concentration. The study conclusively identified 0.2% (w/v) xanthan gum as the most effective concentration for improving chocolate beverage stability, offering a promising approach for developing innovative, dairy-free RTD products.

This study aims to develop a natural-based herbal shampoo using Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn leaves and Carica papaya L. seeds as a safer and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic shampoos, which often contain harmful chemicals. Ceiba pentandra leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins with antibacterial properties, while Carica papaya seeds contain glucoside circirindan, which is beneficial for treating gray hair. The research method involves the use of influence diagrams and mathematical models to determine the most effective ingredient formulation. The experimental results showed that the best composition consists of 60 grams of Ceiba pentandra leaves, 30 grams of Carica papaya seeds, 5 grams of texavon, 10 grams of NaCl, and 350 ml of distilled water. The resulting herbal shampoo product is not only effective and economical but also environmentally friendly.

Health is a human right and one of the elements of human welfare that must be realized by the state, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 34 paragraph (3) emphasizes that the state is responsible for providing equitable and affordable health service facilities for the entire community. This study aims to determine and analyze the legal formulation of patient protection in medical practice, using the normative legal research method, namely through literature/legislation searches (statute approach) with types of data sources, secondary data supported by primary data. The descriptive research type is then analyzed and presented qualitatively. The high level of public awareness of the importance of health has made people increasingly aware and understand their rights as patients in order to obtain good health services from health workers and hospitals. The legal relationship between doctors and patients as regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health is a business agreement relationship (inspaning verbentenis), which gives rise to rights and obligations. The community/patients receiving medical practice services have the right to legal protection so that every mistake in carrying out the medical profession is a form of mistake/violation of the law that is worthy of being prosecuted/filed in court as a form of protection for patients, victims of medical malpractice.

Efforts to increase fish farming productivity, motivating farmers to enhance the fish farming population in Pulau Semambu Village. Inderalaya Utara Village, Ogan Ilir, can be implemented through village lecture provision, training, and demonstration of artificial feed production based on maggots with the addition of water spinach leaf extract. The objective of this activity is to enhance the growth and immune system of fish livestock.Based on that reasoning, the framework of thought that will be pursued through the model approach (1) The approach is carried out through direct observation of the community while simultaneously mapping the latest fish farms in Pulau Semambu Village, Inderalaya Utara, Ogan Ilir.(2) Assistance, this activity is carried out through village lectures that can be realized in the form of outreach to fish farmers about improving fish farming management and providing support in motivating fish farmers to start implementing the concept of an intensive maintenance system in fish farming in maintenance ponds that meet health standards. (3) Direct demonstration (practice) of making artificial feed based on BSF maggots, which includes how to make water spinach leaf extract, how to maintain maggots, and how to make flour and pellets for artificial feed. The village lecture activity was attended by 40 women in the fish farming group in Pulau Semambu Village and students taking the Entomology and Entrepreneurship courses.The result of the activity is to increase the productivity and population of fish livestock in Pulau Semambu. The provision of fish feed based on a mixture of maggot flour and water spinach extract can enhance the growth and immune system of fish livestock, resulting in heavier fish that are less prone to disease. Increasing the production and population of fish livestock will result in higher incomes for the fish farmers in Pulau Semambu village, Inderalaya Utara, Ogan Ilir.

The birth of various Islamic financial institutions (LKS) shows that Islamic teachings cover the economic scope, including cooperatives in the form of Islamic finance These Islamic teachings must absolutely be obeyed and guided by all Muslims in making daily life activities, including in transaction and investment activities, Mashlahah refers to all forms of benefits or goodness that can bring prosperity to individuals and society in general.  without ignoring sharia values. For manufacturers of mashlahah formulations, it is an important challenge in carrying out production activities that not only pursue material profits, but also contribute to economic sustainability, social justice, and environmental preservation Qualitative descriptive research is aimed at describing and describing existing phenomena, both natural and man-made, that pay more attention to the characteristics, quality, and linkages between activities. In addition, descriptive research does not provide treatment, manipulation or alteration to the variables studied, but rather describes a condition as it is. The only treatment given is the research itself, which is carried out through observation, interviews from competent sources in their fields The imbalance between profits and benefits is one of the fundamental issues in the formulation of mashlahah for producers who are faced with pressure to maximize profits in a short time, which sometimes has the potential to sacrifice the principles of benefits caused by several factors, such as adopting strategies that are oriented towards short-term profits to meet financial targets or pressure from shareholders. As a result, the benefits are often overlooked. The imbalance between profits and benefits is an important problem for sharia-based cooperatives that lack understanding of the principles of mashlahah in Islamic business, such as avoiding riba and using a clear profit-sharing system on every transaction

The development of fettuccine pasta products with the addition of tilapia and binahong leaves aims to find the composition of the ingredients of fettuccine pasta that is preferred and well accepted by the panelists. The methods used are experimental method and hedonic test. The experiment of making fettuccine pasta with the addition of tilapia and binahong leaves used a formulation with 3 treatments, namely F1 for the addition of 15 g of tilapia and 35 g of binahong leaves, F2 for the addition of 10 g of tilapia and 40 g of binahong leaves, and F3 for the addition of 5 g of tilapia and 45 g of binahong leaves. The hedonic test involved 25 semi-trained panelists. The results showed that fettuccine pasta with the addition of 15 g of tilapia and 35 g of binahong leaves was the most preferred product and was well accepted by the semi-trained panelists. The composition of the ingredients of the substituted fettuccine pasta with tilapia and binahong leaves that had the best acceptance included 200 g of semolina flour, 15 g of tilapia, 35 g of binahong leaves, 180 g of chicken eggs, 1 tsp of salt, and 1 tsp of olive oil.

Guarantee fiduciary guarantees play an important role in economic financing in Indonesia. However, implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution often leads to legal conflicts, especially the abuse of executorial power by creditors. Court Decision Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 changes the execution mechanism to better protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. This raises the need to reformulate Perkap No. 8/2011 to be relevant to the changes.changes. Research This research uses a normative method that analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related laws and regulations, the principles of justice, and their compatibility with social dynamics. The focus is to review the relevance and weaknesses of Perkap No. 8/2011 after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Constitutional Court's ruling limits unilateral execution and requires an acknowledgment of default or a court decision before execution. default or court decision before execution is carried out. This increases the protection of debtors' rights, but also adds procedural burdens for creditors. for creditors. The reformulation of Perkap No. 8/2011 is necessary to ensure that execution is more fair and lawful. The reformulation should include mechanisms that prioritize legality, protection of debtor rights, and oversight of abuse. monitoring against abuse. Synergy between the court, the police, and related parties need to be strengthened to create a balanced and transparent legal ecosystem and transparent.

This study examines the application of Immanuel Kant's ethical principles in the use of autonomous technology based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the academic domain. AI technology has significantly impacted academic efficiency and innovation but has also raised serious ethical challenges, such as algorithmic bias, dependency on technology, and threats to privacy and transparency. Using a Kantian ethical approach, this research identifies key issues and proposes an ethical framework that places justice, transparency, and respect for human dignity at the core of the design and implementation of autonomous technologies. The findings indicate that algorithmic bias can exacerbate academic inequities, while excessive reliance on AI risks diminishing the critical and creative capabilities of academics. Additionally, privacy and accountability in the management of academic data emerge as major concerns requiring ethically grounded policy interventions. This study also highlights the need for a new paradigm ensuring that autonomous technologies uphold humanistic values in academic settings, such as inclusivity, intellectual autonomy, and justice.

Tablets are solid preparations consisting of active drug substances and fillers. The purpose of adding a crushing agent is to reduce the pressure that occurs in making tablets, especially during the tablet release process which begins with breaking it. This study aims to investigate a number of components that influence the disintegration or breaking time of tablets, such as the choice of disintegrating agent, excipient composition, and environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The research results show that choosing the right disintegrating agent, such as starch or starch, can accelerate tablet disintegration by increasing its ability to swell in liquid. Faster disintegration times can be achieved through the addition of appropriate disintegrating agents and optimization of tablet formulation, which ultimately supports increased drug therapeutic effectiveness. The methodology employed in this analysis is predicated on a survey of the literature on electronic data sources. Based on existing literature, starch or starch granules have the ability to swell up when exposed to water, amylose also has similar properties, namely that they both function as disintegrating agents. Concluded that amylum or starch derived from various plants is effectively utilized as a tablet disintegrating agent due to its superior to interact with water, but also because the evaluation results almost all meet the established standards.