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State finances rely heavily on tax revenues, yet tax avoidance remains a persistent obstacle that can reduce government income. This practice is commonly associated with internal corporate conditions. Therefore, this research examines how profitability, leverage, firm size, and capital intensity relate to tax avoidance behavior. Employing a descriptive design with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the study evaluates ten empirical articles published between 2021 and 2025 in Sinta and Scopus indexed journals. The analysis indicates that the influence of these internal factors varies across studies. Profitability and leverage demonstrate contradictory effects, as strong earnings and higher debt may stimulate aggressive tax planning through tax shields, but may also restrain avoidance to preserve corporate image. Firm size likewise presents inconsistent results due to regulatory and public attention. In contrast, capital intensity generally shows minimal influence because investments in fixed assets are directed toward operational efficiency. These findings provide valuable considerations for policymakers to strengthen tax deduction regulations and encourage responsible corporate tax compliance.

This study analyzes the impact of fixed asset revaluation on corporate income tax liabilities in the domestic shipping sector. The background of this research is based on the importance of accurate fixed asset valuation in tax calculations, particularly for assets subject to value fluctuations, such as ships. The objective of this study is to identify the difference between the book value and the revalued value of ship fixed assets, and to analyze its implications for tax liabilities. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis methods, utilizing secondary data from the financial statements of PT. ABC as a case study. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test the significant difference between the book value and the revalued value of assets. The results show a significant difference between the book value and the revalued value of PT. ABC's ship assets, resulting in an increase in tax liabilities. This research has significant implications for companies in implementing proper accounting practices and complying with applicable tax regulations, as well as for tax authorities in improving supervision and tax compliance.

This study is motivated by the importance of financial and asset management strategies in supporting the operational effectiveness of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Central Sulawesi, which plays a strategic role in disaster mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery. The main problems addressed are how financial and asset management strategies are implemented, to what extent they affect operational effectiveness. The objectives of this research are to analyze the applied strategies, assess their influence on operational effectiveness, and identify challenges as well as relevant solutions.The literature review refers to public financial management theories, regional asset management, and previous studies highlighting the relationship between financial governance, accountability, and public sector performance. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through literature study, observation, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to BPBD staff in finance and asset divisions. The analysis included validity and reliability tests, along with multiple linear regression to examine the effect of independent variables on operational effectiveness. The findings show that BPBD Central Sulawesi’s financial management strategy in 2024 achieved a realization rate of 89–100% in most programs, although imbalances were found in certain activities such as the disaster management system arrangement, which only reached 38%. In terms of asset management, fixed assets dominate with a book value of IDR 19.6 billion, with significant growth in equipment and machinery. Regression analysis results indicate an R² value of 0.817, meaning that 81.7% of operational effectiveness is influenced by financial and asset management strategies, while the remaining 18.3% is explained by other factors.The study concludes that financial and asset management strategies significantly affect BPBD’s operational effectiveness. Nevertheless, challenges such as limited human resources, inadequate information systems, and discrepancies in budget realization require solutions through capacity building, technology utilization, and improved planning mechanisms to optimize disaster management effectiveness.

This study investigates the determinants of capital structure within the healthcare industry, focusing on the influence of asset structure, profitability, and company size. Given the capital-intensive nature of healthcare—characterized by significant investments in medical technology and infrastructure—understanding how these firms balance debt and equity is critical for financial sustainability and operational growth. Using a quantitative approach, this research analyzes a panel dataset of healthcare companies listed on the Indonesian Capital Market from 2018 to 2023. Furthermore, the capital structure is quantified by the debt-to-equity ratio. Meanwhile, asset structure, profitability, and company size are measured by the ratio of fixed assets to total assets, return on assets, and the natural logarithm of total assets, respectively. Moreover, the data are analyzed using multiple linear regression, supported by the classical assumption testing. As a result, asset structure has a significant positive impact on capital structure, aligning with the static trade-off theory. Conversely, profitability demonstrates a significant negative relationship with capital structure, supporting the pecking order theory. Finally, company size positively affects capital structure, indicating that larger firms have greater access to debt financing. These findings suggest that healthcare managers should optimize their asset utilization and internal reserves to maintain an efficient capital structure that supports long-term healthcare delivery and investor confidence.

This study examines the impact of financial performance indicators—activity, solvency, and liquidity ratios—on profit growth in pulp and paper manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2024. The research focuses on how variations in Total Assets Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Fixed Assets Turnover, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Quick Ratio affect profitability, especially during periods of economic instability like the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim is to identify which financial ratios have the most significant influence on profit performance. A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing secondary data from 42 observations of seven manufacturing firms, selected through purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis, supported by SPSS software, was used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that all five ratios collectively have a significant impact on profit variations, with an F-statistic of 2.568 and a significance value of 0.044. However, when tested individually, only Total Assets Turnover and Inventory Turnover showed significant effects, while Fixed Assets Turnover, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Quick Ratio did not. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.263, indicating that 26.3% of the variation in profit can be explained by the analyzed variables.

This study aims to examine the effect of investment in fixed assets, financial performance, and thin capitalization on tax avoidance in non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2023. The research utilizes 431 company samples and employsAmultiple linear regression analysis. A descriptive quantitative method with a purposive sampling technique is applied, ensuring that only companies meeting specific criteria are included in the study. The findings.indicate that, simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. However, when tested individually, more detailed results emerge. The variable of.investment in fixed assets does not show a significant effect on tax avoidance, suggesting that the size of fixed assets does not necessarily determine a company’s level of tax avoidance. In contrast, financial performance demonstrates a positive effect, indicating that companies with.stronger performance tend to have a greater ability to engage in tax planning. Meanwhile, thin capitalization has a negative effect, meaning that a higher proportion of certain types of debt tends to reduce the level of tax avoidance. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing tax avoidance behavior in Indonesia.

This study was conducted to analyze the implementation of financial management and accounting practices at a Coffee Shop in South Jakarta operating within the MSME sector, with a focus on the importance of structured financial management and the application of standardized accounting as a fundamental element in supporting business sustainability. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, direct observations, and document review. The findings indicate that the Coffee Shop has applied a cash-based recording system and utilizes a simple point of sales (POS) application to monitor cash flow and sales transactions. However, the recording of fixed assets, depreciation calculations, and the recognition of liabilities have not fully complied with the guidelines of FAS MSMEs, resulting in financial information that remains limited, lacks transparency, and does not provide a comprehensive overview of the business’s financial condition. Therefore, this study highlights the need to improve human resource capabilities in accounting and to implement simple yet credible accounting software to support more accurate, efficient, and accountable financial reporting. With more professional financial management, business owners will be better equipped to make strategic decisions, strengthen stakeholder trust, and enhance the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of the Coffee Shop.

This study aims to assess the quality of financial reporting at the Arda Jaya Diesel car repair shop on Jalan Dg Hayo Antang 3. The data used are numerical data or quantitative methods. The study was conducted by collecting data from the repair shop's financial reports, such as revenue, expenses, debt, inventory, and fixed assets. The assessment was carried out by examining whether the repair shop has followed accounting principles, how to record transactions, and whether the profit and loss statements and balance sheets are accurate and reliable. The method used is a case study supported by interviews and direct observations at the repair shop. The results show that many repair shops still record their finances simply and do not follow proper accounting standards. Therefore, financial reports need to be improved to assist business decision-making and meet the reporting needs of external parties such as creditors and investors.

This study aims to determine the accounting treatment for fixed assets at Dr. Adhyatma Regional General Hospital, MPH, Central Java Province, and to determine whether the accounting treatment for fixed assets at Dr. Adhyatma Regional General Hospital, MPH, Central Java Province, complies with PSAP No. 07 concerning Fixed Asset Accounting. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method, using triangulation (a combination of observation, interviews, and documentation) as data collection techniques at Dr. Adhyatma Regional General Hospital, MPH, Central Java Province. The results of this study indicate that the accounting treatment for fixed assets at Dr. Adhyatma Regional General Hospital, MPH, Central Java Province, in terms of classification, recognition, measurement, cost components, post-acquisition expenditures, depreciation, retirement, and disposal, complies with PSAP No. 07 concerning Fixed Asset Accounting. Disclosure of fixed assets regarding the reconciliation of the recorded amount at the beginning and end of the period and depreciation information including the depreciation value, gross recorded value and accumulated depreciation at the beginning and end of the period is in accordance with PSAP Number 07 of 2010 concerning Fixed Asset Accounting. However, for the basic information on the valuation used to determine the recorded value, depreciation information in the form of the depreciation method used and the useful life or depreciation rate used is not in accordance with PSAP Number 07 of 2010 concerning Fixed Asset Accounting.

This study aims to examine the effect of Leverage and capital intensity on tax avoidance with independent commissioners as a moderating variable in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Tax avoidance practices in this sector are considered relatively high due to the complexity of fixed asset management and financing structures. The study applies a quantitative approach with an associative method and purposive sampling, resulting in 21 companies as the final sample with a total of 105 observations during the 2020–2024 period. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS version 25. The results show that leverage has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, indicating that a higher level of debt usage increases the likelihood of tax avoidance through interest expenses. Capital intensity also has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, as higher investment in fixed assets provides opportunities for firms to utilize depreciation expenses in reducing taxable income. The moderating test reveals that independent commissioners do not moderate the relationship between leverage and tax avoidance but significantly moderate the relationship between capital intensity and tax avoidance in a negative direction, thereby weakening the effect. These findings highlight the importance of corporate governance mechanisms through the presence of independent commissioners in mitigating tax avoidance, although their effectiveness remains limited to specific aspects. This study contributes empirically to the taxation and corporate governance literature and provides recommendations for regulators and tax authorities in strengthening tax compliance monitoring in the property sector.

This study aims to present evidence on the effect of capital intensity, inventory intensity, and leverage disclosure on tax avoidance. This research utilizes secondary data from financial statements sourced from www.idx.co.id and the official websites of companies in the property and real estate sectors using quantitative research. The proxy used in measuring tax avoidance is using the effective tax rate (ETR) as the dependent variable and the independent variables used include capital intensity, inventory intensity, and leverage. Multiple linear regression analysis is the analysis technique used. The property and real estate sector listed on the IDX in the period 2021 to 2024 is the population in this study and the number of samples collected is 85 data obtained using the purposive sampling method. The findings of this research indicate that capital intensity, inventory intensity, and leverage significantly influence tax avoidance positively. These findings suggest that the higher the level of investment in fixed assets, inventory, and debt-to-equity ratio, the greater the tendency of a company to engage in tax avoidance.

Determining the materiality level is an important step in planning and implementing a financial statement audit, especially in accounts with significant value such as fixed assets. However, in practice, auditors often face challenges in determining the right materiality level for complex accounts such as fixed assets, especially in companies that have not gone public and are in the development stage. This study aims to analyze the practice of determining the materiality level in the audit procedure for fixed asset accounts at PT. X for the 2024 financial year. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach through document observation and interviews at the XYZ Public Accounting Firm. The results of the study show that auditors set materiality based on total assets because PT. X has not gone public and is in the development stage. The auditor found a correction in the calculation of accumulated depreciation of fixed assets of Rp24,128,825, but this value was still below the overall materiality limit of Rp186,704,652. Therefore, the fixed asset account is concluded to have been presented fairly and free from material misstatement. This study supports the importance of determining materiality based on professional judgment to improve audit quality.

Effective management of fixed assets plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and transparency of a company’s financial reporting. Errors in the capitalization process can lead to misstatements in financial statements and affect investment decisions. This study aims to analyze and forecast asset capitalization trends using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The research utilizes monthly recap data of asset capitalization recorded during the Settlement to Fixed Asset process from January 2021 to August 2025. The data were processed through several stages, including stationarity testing, model identification, parameter estimation, and model accuracy evaluation. The findings indicate that the data are stationary without differencing (d = 0). From several candidate models, ARIMA(0,0,3) was identified as the best model based on the lowest AIC value of 39.76. The selected model was then applied to predict asset capitalization values for the next ten periods, resulting in forecasts ranging from 1.12 to 1.56 trillion rupiah. Model evaluation showed a MAPE of 29.01%, which implies a moderate forecasting accuracy. Consequently, the ARIMA model can be considered a suitable analytical tool for monitoring and forecasting asset capitalization quantitatively.

Hospitals are places that provide health services to the community through the services they offer. In their operations, hospitals require fixed assets to be us|ed ind|epe|nd|ently or i|n co|mbi|nati|on wi|th other assets in the hospital for long-term operations. The fixed assets us|ed by hospitals make a significant contribution because they require large expenditures and are used over the long term. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the application of fixed asset accounting treatment at XYZ Hospital in accordance with PSAK 216. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative methodological approach to achieve the predetermined research objectives. The data collection technique applied was conducting interviews with the asset management department and obtaining accounting treatment documents and a detailed list of fixed assets of XYZ Hospital. The research findings show that the handling of fixed assets and the implementation of PSAK 216 on fixed assets at XYZ Hospital indicate that XYZ Hospital records its fixed assets if they have a useful life of more than one year, measures the initial cost of assets from the acquisition price, revalues assets but there is no method explaining the calculation method, applies the straight-line method for depreciation, discontinues fixed assets if they can no longer be used, and records all these events in its financial statements. It is important to apply PSAK 216 in implementing accounting treatments to minimize and prevent the risk of fixed asset recording errors in financial statements.

This research aims to examine the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Asset Structure, and Current Ratio (CR) on Capital Structure in the company PT Mayora Indah Tbk, which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015–2023. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial reports during the research period. The research employs a quantitative approach, and the data sources are documentary in nature, focusing on publicly available financial statements.The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis, with data processing performed using SPSS software. This method allows the researcher to assess the impact of each independent variable on the dependent variable both partially and simultaneously. The results of the partial hypothesis testing indicate that the Return on Equity (ROE) variable has a positive and significant effect on Capital Structure, suggesting that higher profitability encourages the company to utilize more debt financing. On the other hand, the Asset Structure variable shows no significant negative effect on Capital Structure, indicating that the proportion of fixed assets does not play a decisive role in influencing capital structure in this case. Meanwhile, the Current Ratio (CR) has a negative and significant effect, implying that companies with higher liquidity tend to rely less on external debt. Simultaneously, the three variables—ROE, Asset Structure, and CR—have a significant influence on Capital Structure. These findings can serve as a reference for corporate financial management in optimizing capital structure decisions.

Sharia financing is a key instrument that Islamic banks must promote in channeling third-party funds. This aligns with the basic principles of Islamic banking, which emphasize fairness, partnership, and business sustainability. Therefore, it is crucial to examine how various Islamic financing schemes impact Islamic bank profitability. This study focuses on Bank Mega Syariah, using secondary data sourced from quarterly financial reports for the period 2017 to 2024. The financing variables analyzed include musyarakah, mudharabah, murabahah, and ijarah, while profitability is measured using relevant financial performance indicators. The analysis method used is a quantitative approach using regression techniques to examine the effect of each type of financing on bank profitability. The results show that musyarakah, mudharabah, and murabahah-based financing have a positive and significant impact on profitability, meaning that the higher the distribution of these three types of financing, the greater their contribution to increasing bank profits. These findings indicate that the business partnership model, profit-sharing system, and profit margin stipulated in the murabahah contract significantly contribute to maintaining profit growth. Conversely, ijarah financing did not significantly impact profitability. This may be due to the characteristics of ijarah, which tends to be oriented towards fixed assets or leases, resulting in a relatively limited contribution to increasing short-term profits. Overall, this study provides important implications for Islamic bank management to further optimize the proportion of musyarakah, mudharabah, and murabahah financing as a strategy to boost financial performance and maintain business continuity amidst the competitive Islamic banking industry.

Fixed assets play an important role in supporting the operations of PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) as a BUMN in the transportation sector. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of PT KAI's fixed asset accounting practices in 2023 with PSAK No. 16. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive and verification methods, using secondary data in the form of financial statements obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data is analyzed through document studies and compared with the provisions of accounting standards and supported by relevant scientific references. The results showed that PT KAI has carried out the recognition, measurement, and presentation of fixed assets according to standards, using the straight-line method and the historical cost approach. The statement of financial position is also prepared based on the principle of balance between assets, liabilities, and equity in accordance with PSAK No. 1. This practice shows compliance with accounting standards, and reflects the company's commitment to accountability, transparency, and professional and trusted asset governance.  

The development of the economy and business sector in every country in the world is a trigger for competition between companies to gain profit. This competition raises demands for the relevance and reliability of the company's financial reports that are sustainable, which are intended to avoid conflict between users of financial reports, both internally and externally, so that proper company management is needed in managing the components in the company. This writing is a descriptive qualitative research in the form of observation, interviews and documentation at PT PLN (Persero). Based on the data found that non-operating assets are still included in the status of operating assets and if not immediately proposed will increase the accumulated depreciation costs. Depreciation costs are one of the elements of the company's operational costs that affect the company's profit because they reduce revenue. In addition to depreciation costs, there are also costs that will have an impact, namely the cost of maintaining warehouse operations. Therefore, the company must develop a more efficient and effective strategy to manage these non-operating assets so as not to burden operations and financial performance in the long term. Thus, it is concluded that in the implementation of the asset management system there are still various obstacles in the form of incomplete administrative data and assets that have not been neatly inventoried and external obstacles such as irregular material returns that further complicate asset data management. So the author makes a recommendation, namely the implementation of an integrated asset digitalization system to help track the condition and location of assets more accurately, to speed up the identification process.

This study aims to describe and analyze: How is the appropriate technical management of regional assets based on applicable laws and efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential. This study uses a qualitative method of the Case Study approach. The data collection techniques used in this study are through observation, interviews and documentation.  The data was analyzed using an interactive model analysis developed by Miles and Huberman with three procedures, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the technical management of regional assets carried out by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets in order to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential includes Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the form of Leases running in accordance with the rules that have been set, this can be seen from the policies used, namely the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 108 of 2018 concerning the Implementation Regulations of the East Java Province Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2017 concerning Management of Regional Property.Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the Form of Borrowing and Using Property Based on Article 157 of Permendagri Number 19 of 2016, the Implementation of Borrowing and Use is outlined in the agreement and signed by: a.Borrowers and Governors/Regents/Mayors, for regional property that are in the Goods Manageriii; and b. Borrowers and Goods Managers, for regional property that is in the Goods Users.  The technical utilization of regional assets in the form of Build to Hand Over / Build to Hand Over is carried out through a Build to Hand Over Agreement / BOT (Bulit Operate Transfer) covering aspects of Civil Law, Land Law (Agrarian), and Administrative Law.  The Utilization of Regional Fixed Assets in the Form of Inventory Infrastructure Provision is carried out through SOPs consisting of four, namely; Issuance of Regional Head Decree on Infrastructure Provision Cooperation (KSPI), Selection and Determination of KSPI Partners, Implementation of KSPI and Termination of KSPI. Efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize regional fiscal potential, including identification and inventory of the value and potential of regional assets, assessment of regional assets. Supervision and control of asset utilization, Regional asset management information system.

The implementation of the Elektronik Barang Milik Daerah (e-BMD) system is crucial for improving the management and financial reporting of regional government assets. This study examines the effectiveness of e-BMD at the Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) of Sikka Regency in preparing financial reports, particularly for fixed and current assets. Using qualitative methods, data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The results show that e-BMD significantly enhances efficiency, accuracy, and accountability in asset management, although technical and resource limitations remain challenges. Recommendations include training enhancement and system optimization to improve performance.