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This study was motivated by the phenomenon of increasing anti-feminism and digital misogyny in Germany, where constitutionally guaranteed equality has suffered a practical setback in the form of a decline in female representation in the Bundestag to 32,4%. This situation has triggered an urgent need for persuasive communication through state addresses. This study aims to analyze the emotional rhetoric (pathos) and intonation strategies in the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag in order to raise audience awareness. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative analysis of rhetoric by Aristoteles (2007) and quantitative digital acoustic analysis using Praat software supported theory by Kohler (1995). The data for this analysis are transcripts and audio recordings of the Ansprache zum Welt-Frauentag delivered by Bundespräsident Steinmeier. The results of the study identified three typologies of relationships between diction and intonation, namely contradiction, in which emotional diction is delivered in a flat tone to maintain objectivity; compensation, in which neutral legal references are given emotional weight through a rise in tone (late peak); and parallelism, which is the harmony between emotional diction and the highest voice frequency to build strong authority. Thus, this study confirms that the effectiveness of persuasion in a speech does not only depend on the text, but also on the flexibility of manipulating voice frequency, which strategically functions as an instrument for navigating the audience’s emotions.

This study aims to analyze the political advocacy strategies employed by Jakarta Feminists in influencing the policy formulation process related to gender equality issues in Indonesia through various forms of social mobilization, including digital campaigns, public education, and collaboration with other civil society organizations. Jakarta Feminists emerged as a feminist collective actively advocating against policies deemed discriminatory against women and vulnerable groups. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature study method by Bogdan and Taylor as cited by Lexy J. Moleong. Data were obtained through literature studies from scientific journals, news, and social media content analysis. The analysis was conducted using Sidney Tarrow's social movement theory, with indicators of Political Opportunity Structure, Mobilizing Structures, Framing Processes, and Repertoires of Contention. The results show that Jakarta Feminists utilize political momentum, public issues, and digital spaces as strategies to expand support and pressure policymakers. In addition, the use of social media, the production of public knowledge, and collaboration with civil society organizations are forms of mobilization that strengthen the movement's advocacy capacity. Jakarta Feminists also successfully frame issues so that they are easy to understand. Collective action is also Jakarta Feminist's most iconic form of action and a consistent form of public pressure on the government each year. This study concludes that Jakarta Feminist's advocacy strategy demonstrates how feminist-based social movements can leverage political opportunities and mobilization structures to influence the discourse and direction of gender policy in Indonesia.

This study examines the representation of gender inequality and forms of women's resistance in Haifaa al-Mansour's film Wadjda using a Marxist-Socialist feminist perspective. This study aims to identify the forms of gender inequality represented in the film and analyze the forms of resistance carried out by female characters against the patriarchal structure in Saudi Arabian society. The research method used is a descriptive analytical method with a qualitative approach. Research data were obtained through observation and note-taking techniques of dialogue, scenes, and visual elements in the film related to gender issues and women's resistance. The results of the study indicate that there are four forms of gender inequality in the film, namely restrictions on women's roles, women's lack of freedom in behavior, patriarchal acts, and claims of culture and Islamic norms of Saudi Arabian society that are used to legitimize women's subordination. In addition, this study also found several forms of resistance carried out by female characters, especially Wadjda, such as the desire to own a bicycle, independent economic strategies, negotiations with school authorities, unconventional expressions of identity, and covert resistance shown by Wadjda's mother.

This study explores the intersection of feminism and gender equality in Bali, analyzing how patriarchal norms, media portrayals, and religious customs marginalize Balinese women. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of the “Other,” it examines why feminism faces resistance despite growing gender equality awareness. Through surveys and interviews with Balinese women aged 11–20, the findings reveal that many support gender equality but hesitate to identify as feminists due to cultural misconceptions and Western associations. The research highlights the need for educational initiatives and community discussions to integrate feminism into Balinese traditions, showing that culturally adapted advocacy is more effective than universalist approaches. It underscores the importance of feminist education, local leadership engagement, and promoting women’s roles within traditional structures, demonstrating that feminism and Balinese traditions can coexist without disrupting social harmony. Future research should explore generational shifts, digital media’s role in shaping perceptions, and comparative studies in other traditional societies to further bridge feminism and cultural values.

This study discusses the position of women in the creation of humankind based on Amina Wadud's feminist hermeneutics perspective as an effort to critique classical interpretations of the Qur'an that tend to be gender biased. For centuries, the tradition of interpretation dominated by male exegetes has shaped a theological understanding that places women in a subordinate and inferior position, especially in the narrative of human creation. Amina Wadud, as one of the contemporary Muslim feminists, offers a feminist hermeneutics approach that emphasizes the importance of historical context, linguistic analysis, and women's experiences in understanding the Qur'anic text in a more fair and comprehensive manner. This study specifically examines Wadud's interpretation of QS. An-Nisa 'verse 1, which states that humans were created from nafsun wahidah (one soul). Wadud asserts that this concept indicates the equality of origin between men and women, thereby rejecting the patriarchal view that women were created from men's ribs as second-class beings. The research method used was qualitative with a literature study approach, through analysis of Amina Wadud's works and relevant academic literature. The results of the study show that Wadud's feminist hermeneutics not only serves as a critique of classical interpretations that are laden with patriarchal bias, but also provides a strong theological basis for the recognition of gender equality in Islam. This approach opens up space for women to play an equal role in the social, political, and religious spheres. Thus, Amina Wadud's thinking contributes significantly to building a more inclusive, egalitarian, and gender-equitable understanding of Islam in accordance with the universal values of the Qur'an.

This research is driven by the prevalence of patriarchal perspectives within the Christian theological tradition, which frequently marginalises the role of women. Contemporary feminist theology emerges in this context as a critical effort to reinterpret women’s experiences of faith and suffering in light of God’s liberating love. This study analyses the martyrdom of the Virgin Mary and Neerja Bhanot as examples of witnessing to faith and humanity, affirming the spiritual power and courage of women in the face of patriarchal structures. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, adopting a literature review approach to the Holy Scriptures, church documents and feminist theological literature. The results show that Mary’s martyrdom reflects quiet, prophetic faithfulness as a white martyr, while Bhanot displays universal humanitarian martyrdom. Both reveal a God who is present in love and solidarity with human suffering. This research affirms that feminist theology is a reflective praxis of liberation, demanding a transformation in the Church’s and society’s views on the dignity and role of women in the work of salvation.

Pengabdian masyarakat Universitas Bojonegoro di Desa Mojoagung menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan pendidikan berbasis feminisme, diskusi interaktif, dan distribusi tablet penambah darah (TTD) yang didukung oleh penyuluhan pola makan sehat dapat membantu meningkatkan kesadaran akan gender dan gizi perempuan.kesehatan. Program ini mampu menurunkan prevalensi anemia hingga 30%, memberdayakan perempuan secara sosial, dan meningkatkan kesadaran akan hak-haknya. Selain itu, keberlanjutan dan pertumbuhan program bergantung pada kerja sama dengan fasilitas medis dan organisasi masyarakat non-pemerintah. Menurut hasil dari beberapa penelitian terkait, pemberdayaan perempuan melalui kesadaran gender yang lebih besar dan akses ke perawatan kesehatan inklusif dapat membantu meningkatkan kesehatan dan status gizi perempuan sekaligus mendorong perubahan sosial yang tahan lama. Strategi berbasis komunitas yang melibatkan keluarga dan komunitas sangat penting untuk mencapai tujuan ini, terutama dalam hal mencegah anemia, meningkatkan kesehatan anak-anak, dan memajukan hak-hak perempuan di masyarakat.

This study analyzes the phenomenon of judgmental attitudes among women in public spaces, particularly in women-only train carriages, through the perspective of radical feminism and the concept of internalized misogyny. Internalized misogyny is a form of internalization of sexist and discriminatory values ​​against women that are accepted and carried out by women themselves without realizing it, as a result of the influence of patriarchal culture that has taken root in society. This judgmental attitude appears in the form of rivalry, mutual demeaning, and the tendency to compare oneself with other women to gain validation or feel superior. A case study conducted in a women-only train carriage shows that spaces that should be safe for women actually create new social dynamics, such as competition for facilities, conflicts between passengers, and the erosion of empathy and solidarity among women. These findings indicate that internalized misogyny exacerbates negative stereotypes against women and strengthens rivalries between them, thus creating an environment that does not support solidarity. For example, women tend to demean each other or feel threatened when they are in spaces that should be safe for them. This research highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of internalized misogyny and its impact on women's social interactions in public spaces, as this phenomenon hinders the creation of more equal and supportive relationships between women. A deeper understanding of these dynamics can facilitate women's empowerment and foster stronger solidarity within society. Therefore, it is crucial for women to dismantle their internalized patriarchal values to foster equality and support among women in public spaces.

The drama Woman Talking has many feminist values can be found, especially about gender equality, women’s freedom, and moving away from patriarchy. The values shown in this film are already being practiced today, where women and men are seen as equals in terms of rights and opportunities. These important ideas inspire writers to explore them more deeply, aiming to raise awareness among men so they do not look down on women. This study aims to examine the representation of feminism in Women Talking, a drama directed by Sarah Polley. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes the film’s narrative and dialogue to explore how the women fight for bodily autonomy, voice, and the freedom to choose their own paths. The results indicate that Women Talking has five of six types of feminism theory, which the liberal feminism is the largest one with 39%, and then radical feminism 32%, traditional marxist feminism 16%, socialist feminism 12%, and the last is postmodern feminism 6%. This drama has no dialog that talking about critical race feminisim. The findings show that Women Talking is not only a space for the expression of voices long silenced, but also a quiet yet powerful form of collective resistance against systemic oppression.

The South Korean entertainment industry, propelled by the global Hallyu wave, continues to thrive internationally. However, it remains influenced by deeply rooted patriarchal norms, especially in the portrayal of women in popular media. This study explores the representation of women in the film K-Pop Demon Hunters (2025) through the lens of Luce Irigaray’s postmodern feminist theory (1985). Using a qualitative content analysis approach, the research investigates the film’s visual, narrative, and symbolic dimensions to examine how female characters are depicted. Unlike the traditional portrayal of passive femininity prevalent in Korean popular culture, K-Pop Demon Hunters presents its female protagonists as active, autonomous, and empowered individuals. These characters express their identities through bodily performance, voice, dance, and emotion—an embodiment of écriture féminine, or feminine writing. The film introduces a symbolic language that allows women to speak from their own experiences, disrupting the male-dominated narrative structures often seen in mainstream media. Additionally, the film challenges patriarchal conventions by offering subversive and multifaceted representations of women’s bodies, relationships, and agency. Rather than reinforcing objectifying tropes, it constructs a space where feminine identity is fluid, expressive, and resistant to hegemonic definitions. This approach not only redefines the role of women within the cinematic narrative but also opens possibilities for alternative gender discourses in Korean media. In doing so, K-Pop Demon Hunters exemplifies how popular media can serve as both a mirror and a critique of societal gender norms.   

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, and examine the feminism contained in the anthology of the short story "Perempuan dan Perempuan" by Bagus Satria. The data source for this research is the short story Anthology of ”Perempuan dan Perempuan” by Bagus Satria. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is liberal feminism in the anthology of the short story “Perempuan dan Perempuan” by Bagus Satria. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data used are texts related to aspects of feminism in the short story Anthology of ”Perempuan dan Perempuan”. Data analysis techniques (1) read the entire contents of the short story, (2) mark and record the quotations on the short story, (3) classify the findings, (4) analyze the findings according to the research problem, (5) the last step is concluded. The results of the research show that there is feminism in the short story “Perempuan dan Perempuan” by Bagus Satria.

The issue of women's status in Islamic family law has remained a subject of ongoing debate, particularly when examined through the interpretation of Surah An-Nisa verse 34, which designates men as leaders (qawwam) within the family. This study aims to analyze the verse using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates classical and contemporary Qur’anic exegesis with feminist theory. This approach not only explores the dynamics of interpretation from traditional scholars such as al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir to modern thinkers like Amina Wadud, but also critically examines how various strands of feminism—liberal, radical, and Islamic—provide analytical frameworks to challenge patriarchal structures in Islamic family law. This research employs a qualitative method through library research, supported by normative and juridical-historical approaches. The findings reveal that Surah An-Nisa verse 34 can be understood in a more egalitarian manner when interpreted in light of evolving social contexts, without disregarding the fundamental principles of Sharia. The study concludes that integrating Qur’anic interpretation with feminist perspectives offers the potential for a more just, inclusive, and contextually responsive understanding of Islamic family law in addressing gender equality in contemporary society.

This study aims to analyze the character of Alina Suhita in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using the Marxist feminist theory approach. The main focus of this study is to reveal how the patriarchal system and social class structure influence the position and experiences of female characters in the novel. The study uses qualitative methods with text-based content analysis techniques and a hermeneutic approach to interpret the meaning contained in the narrative. The results of the analysis show that the character Suhita experiences three main forms of oppression: stereotypes, subordination, and marginalization. These three forms reflect how women in a patriarchal society are negatively constructed, positioned lower than men, and excluded from public spaces and decision-making. However, Suhita also shows resistance to dominant structures through her intelligence, education, and active role in the Islamic boarding school. In the context of Marxist feminism, Suhita is a representation of women who experience double exploitation both as women and as part of a marginalized social class but also have the potential to be agents of change. This study emphasizes that literature can be a medium for understanding power relations in society as well as a tool for criticizing ongoing gender and economic inequality.

This journal examines the Marxist feminist approach in literature, focusing on the character Jebris in the drama anthology “Mata yang Enak Dipandang,” which is an adaptation of Ahmad Tohari’s short stories. The study explores three main aspects: societal, economic, and political, to identify Jebris’ role and representation from a Marxist feminist perspective. The analysis aims to provide deeper insights into how Marxist feminist theory is reflected in the character of Jebris and its impact on the overall narrative of the adapted literary work. The research method involves textual and social context analysis to provide a profound interpretation of Jebris’ thoughts and role in reflecting relevant gender and social issues. The findings of this research contribute to understanding the relationship between Marxist feminist theory and literature, while offering critical perspectives on gender representation in adapted literary works.

This research aims to analyze the construction of women's roles in the novel Gadis Kretek from a feminist perspective, while simultaneously identifying the representation of silenced women's voices. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data in the form of novel text excerpts were analyzed in depth using qualitative content analysis. The novel Gadis Kretek served as the primary data source, with data collection conducted through documentation, involving intensive reading and textual analysis. The researcher acted as the main instrument in this process. Data analysis was performed interactively following the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research findings reveal diverse structures of silenced women's voices, including patriarchal structures in business and family spheres, social and cultural structures that reinforce women's subordination, narrative and historical structures that disregard women's contributions, and the silencing of emotions, self-agency. This analysis is expected to provide a critical understanding of feminist issues in Indonesian literature.

English has become an international language in the world. It becomes tool of communication for many people freely around the world either in spoken or written context, or direct or indirect interaction. One of the reason this phenomenon caused by the development of technology which has been spreading widely around the world. Therefore, it is important for people to learn, especially for English learner to learn deeper about language in both contexts.  Data collection of this research used documentary and visual data or document analysis which is suitable to apply since it refers to describe the attitude through English speech which also related to transcript. This research used the ATLAS software. ti 24, this software is useful in assisting the data analysis process of qualitative grounded theory research. And discourse analysis is one of appropriate study often used to analyse language use both in written and spoken context. The study of attitude also take part in analysing the language because language is also related to improve learner’s interpersonal relationship. In this study will shows the relation of language use in society along with the emotional study based on the language use.

This article explores the dimensions of spiritualism and existential feminism in the short story Umi Kalsum by Djamil Suherman using a qualitative descriptive approach combined. The study focuses on interpreting symbolic and ideological elements within the text that reflect the search for life’s meaning, spiritual awareness, and the position of women within a patriarchal social structure. Data were obtained through literature review and analyzed in depth through the processes of data reduction, presentation, and interpretive reflection, with validity ensured through source triangulation and repeated readings. The findings reveal that the character Umi Kalsum represents a devout woman who lives under strict social norms, yet possesses strong spiritual and inner resilience. Spiritual values are reflected in her submissive and sincere acceptance of suffering, while existential feminism is expressed through her inner conflict and struggle for personal freedom. The protagonist’s tragic end serves as a symbolic protest against the restrictive social order imposed on women. This short story illustrates how spiritual experience and existential awareness can act as liberating forces in the face of gender-based injustice.

This study uses a feminist literary criticism approach to analyze Ferena Debivena's short story “The Woman Who Bears the Shadow.”  To investigate the type of gender inequality experienced by Lara, the main character, this research focuses on three schools of feminism: marxist, social, and liberal.  The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, which involved text analysis of the symbolism and narrative structure of the story. The results show that Lara is portrayed as a woman who faces social and emotional challenges due to economic pressure and patriarchal domination.  In addition, the short story criticizes forced marriage and educational injustice for women.  Despite the strength of its theme, this short story can still be improved by the elements of deepening supporting characters, a clear plot, and strengthening the climax.  Therefore, it shows the social reality and serves as a medium to criticize the system that oppresses women.

The purpose of this study is to describe the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Munaroh as seen through the perspective of feminism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The object of this research is the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Muniroh published in Ruang Sastra in 2023, with data sources in the form of quotations and in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs that show aspects of radical feminism in the short story Anjing Kampus by Lia Laeli Muniroh. The results of the research analysis can be seen in terms of radical feminism, the role of the main character "I" and her lover named Aryo in the short story Anjing Kampus with a cultural radical feminism approach, namely, depicted through the main character, namely the character "I" who experienced oppression in the form of physical violence and sexual exploitation, and the main character who was only used by her own body by her lover, Aryo. So that the character "I" makes an effort to resist the control of the body carried out by her lover.

Feminism is a movement that fights for equality between men and women in all aspects of life, including social, political, and cultural. As one of the most influential media producers, Disney has long been criticized for presenting female characters in traditional and passive roles. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the feminist elements found in the film and how they reflect the development of gender equality values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data taken directly from the 2025 live-action film Snow White. The analysis is supported by library research and based on Rosemarie Tong’s (2009) feminist theory, which categorizes feminism into eight types. The data is taken from several pictures, dialogues, monologues from Snow White (2025) movie and then analysis done contextually and theoretically. The findings show that the film most strongly reflects liberal feminism (35%), followed by radical and psychoanalytic feminism (24% each), with smaller portions of socialist, existentialist, and ecofeminism. The film presents Snow White not as a passive princess, but as a thoughtful and independent character who questions gender expectations and asserts her own values.