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The postpartum period is a vulnerable phase often accompanied by lactation problems, particularly ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. These conditions may reduce maternal comfort, inhibit the let-down reflex, and increase the risk of failure in exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, safe, practical, and comprehensive non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed. This Final Nursing Project aims to describe the implementation of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education to improve maternal comfort and enhance breast milk flow in postpartum mothers. This study employed a case study method using a nursing care approach involving two postpartum mothers who experienced ineffective breastfeeding and discomfort due to breast engorgement. The interventions were provided for three days and included cabbage leaf compresses and education on breastfeeding techniques. Evaluation focused on breastfeeding ability, pain level, breast condition, maternal comfort, and milk production. The results showed improvement in breastfeeding ability, indicated by the mothers’ ability to correctly demonstrate proper positioning and latch-on techniques. Infants appeared calmer during feeding, and the duration of breastfeeding increased to approximately 10 minutes per breast. Pain scores decreased from 5 to 0–3, breast tension was reduced, and maternal comfort improved. It can be concluded that the application of cabbage leaf compresses combined with breastfeeding education is effective in improving breast milk flow and maternal comfort in postpartum mothers and can be recommended as an independent nursing intervention in maternity practice.

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition characterized by height below the age standard. This study aims to analyze the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the Parigi Community Health Center, Muna Regency, in 2025. The study used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. Informants consisted of mothers who had stunted toddlers as key informants and Posyandu cadres as supporting informants selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with triangulation validity tests. The results showed that feeding practices for stunted toddlers were still not in accordance with recommendations. All informants had carried out Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD), but exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal due to the perception of insufficient breast milk. Complementary breastfeeding (MP-ASI) tended to be given before the age of 6 months, influenced by the assumption that babies were hungry when they cried and cultural habits. The frequency of toddler meals was irregular, the type of food was dominated by porridge, and food variety was still limited. Consumption of animal side dishes, vegetables, and fruit was also not routinely provided. In conclusion, the dietary patterns of stunted toddlers in the study area do not meet the principles of balanced nutrition and are still influenced by family knowledge and habits. Therefore, increased education for mothers and families regarding appropriate feeding practices is needed to support optimal toddler growth and development.

The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding data globally, although there has been an increase, has not increased significantly, which is around 44% of the target of 50%. Factors suspected of influencing failure are knowledge, perception, family support, and employment. Objective: To determine the factors influencing the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers with babies aged 6-12 months. Method: This type of research is descriptive analytical using the cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at RSIA Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan. The population was 62 people and all of them were used as samples (total sampling). Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The analysis was conducted univariately and bivariately using the Chi-Square test. Results: Factors that influence the failure of exclusive breastfeeding at the Murni Teguh Rosiva Mother and Child Hospital Medan are perception (p = 0.000 <0.05), family support (p = 0.015 <0.05), and work (p = 0.032 <0.05), while the knowledge variable has no effect (p = 0.654 > 0.05). Conclusion: perception, support, family and work influence the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Suggestion: It is recommended that nurses at the Murni Teguh Rosiva Medan Hospital encourage new mothers to only give breast milk to their babies until they are 6 months old

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life is an important strategy to support optimal growth and development. Breast milk has many benefits for babies, such as strengthening the immune system and supporting brain development. However, various obstacles such as emotional stress, lack of self-confidence, and minimal support from family and the community remain significant barriers to successful breastfeeding. These issues often lead to failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding in accordance with health recommendations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding training in improving breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in the Bojongkerta area of Bogor City. Hypnobreastfeeding is a psychological approach that combines relaxation techniques, positive affirmations, and education about breastfeeding to help mothers feel more confident in the breastfeeding process. This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a pre- and post-test design without a control group. A total of 31 breastfeeding mothers participated in this training, which included education about breastfeeding, positive affirmation techniques, and relaxation exercises. Data analysis results showed a significant increase in mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding after the training intervention. Furthermore, the study also recorded an increase in the success of exclusive breastfeeding during the observation period. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that hypnobreastfeeding is an effective approach to supporting the empowerment of breastfeeding mothers at the community level. This method offers a psychologically based solution to overcome social barriers that affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Mother's milk (ASI) has an important role in increasing the baby's immune system and baby's weight. Breast milk production that is not strong enough causes the baby's needs to not be fulfilled and the failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Based on a survey conducted by the research and development agency in the field of Health, it was found that 46% of the inability to breastfeed occurred due to lack of breast care, 25% due to the frequency of breastfeeding less than 8x/day, 14% due to newborns (LBW), 10% premature, and 5% due to acute or chronic disease. The decrease in breast milk production during the puerperium can be caused by a lack of stimulation of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin which play a very important role in the smooth production of breast milk. Marmet massage and oxytocin massage are safe ways to stimulate the breasts to produce more milk.

Exclusive breastfeeding is the primary and best source of nutrition for infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding due to its numerous benefits for infant growth, particularly during the first six months of life. However, the significance of breastfeeding is often not conveyed effectively to nursing mothers, resulting in many failing to exclusively breastfeed their babies and opting instead for formula milk or other types of food. One reason for this failure is the lack of information provided to mothers, which weakens their motivation to consistently provide exclusive breastfeeding to their babies aged 0-6 months. To address this issue, a counseling session was conducted in Sayar Subdistrict, Serang City, with 15 participants. The session employed a pre-test and post-test method using a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions to measure the participants' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. The assessment was divided into three categories: good knowledge, adequate knowledge, and poor knowledge. The pre-test results showed that 13% of participants had good knowledge, 20% had adequate knowledge, and 67% had poor knowledge. After the counseling session, the results improved significantly, with 87% of participants categorized as having good knowledge, 13% with adequate knowledge, and none in the poor knowledge category. With this improved understanding of exclusive breastfeeding, it is hoped that the participants will be able to implement exclusive breastfeeding for their babies.

Breast milk (ASI) is a natural nutrition for babies with the most appropriate nutritional content for optimal growth. Decreased breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers is one of the causes of the failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding for the first 0-6 months. Some mothers experience difficulties and failures in breastfeeding because breast milk has not come out, little breast milk or sore nipples. Lactation massage is one method of painless breast care that can stimulate the strength of the breast muscles to increase breast milk production. The purpose of this service is to provide education and skills to mothers about the benefits of lactation massage and how to do lactation massage to increase breast milk production. The service method used is a lecture on the benefits of lactation massage and practice on how to do lactation massage. The results of the evaluation of the implementation before the counseling were given, the knowledge category was sufficient (58.8%) and after the counseling was given it became (88.2%), meaning that the activities carried out could increase the knowledge and skills of mothers.

Stunting problems often occur in children who lack essential nutrients, especially protein, iron and other nutrients needed for optimal growth. Stunting is not only a physical problem that can be seen from short height, but also has serious long-term impacts on children's development. Exclusive breast milk is a primary need for babies, so it will have an impact on the baby's growth and development if it is not provided adequately. Breast milk that is not given exclusively in the first 6 months of a baby's life will have an impact on the maturation process of the immune system, causing the baby to be susceptible to infections (Wasiah, 2019). Bekasi Regency is an industrial area with more than 3.5 million residents and 44.6% of them are women. A total of 523 461 of them are working women who are in the productive age range of 15-49 years. In this age range, many working women are mothers who have to leave their babies and be cared for by someone else and cannot provide exclusive breast milk. The failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding is the driving force behind many cases of stunting in Indonesia. This research is a quantitative analytical research with a cross sectional approach with the respondents being working mothers who have children under five. P value is 0.021 and OR 8,000, so there is a significant relationship between breastfeeding behavior and the incidence of stunting in the Kedungwaringin Community Health Center Working Area. Working mothers with non-exclusive breastfeeding behavior increase the risk of stunting by 8,000 times compared to mothers who breastfeed exclusively.

Mother's milk (ASI) is a source of food for babies which is useful for the growth and development of babies. Providing breast milk for 6 months to newborns is the gold standard for baby feeding recommended by WHO. Even though breastfeeding is very important for babies, mothers also often experience failure in providing exclusive breastfeeding. This research aims to describe the characteristics and knowledge of mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 0-6 months at the Doro I Community Health Center. This research is a descriptive quantitative study, data collection uses Cluster Sampling where the sample is grouped based on region (Posyandu) or population location by 65 samples. This research instrument uses a Knowledge Questionnaire about Exclusive Breastfeeding adopted from (Septianingrum, 2018) consisting of 19 questions. For favorable questions the "correct" answer is given a score of 1 and "wrong" is given a score of 0, while for unfavorable questions the "correct" answer is given a score of 0 and "wrong" is given a score of 1. The instrument is valid with a correlation number (r-count) > 0.444 so it is said to be valid while the Cronbach's Alpha value and reliability are 0.984. The data analysis used was univariate in the form of a percentage frequency distribution. The results showed that all mothers of babies aged 0-6 months at the Doro I Community Health Center (Puskesmas) were all respondents (100%) aged 15-49 years, 23 respondents (35.4%) had a high school education, 58 respondents (89.2) did not work and 46 respondents (70.8%) had ever breastfed. Mothers' knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding to babies aged 0-6 months at the Doro I Community Health Center shows that all 65 mothers (100%) of respondents have good knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding to babies aged 0-6 months. The conclusion obtained is that mothers' knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding to babies aged 0-6 months at the Doro I Community Health Center shows that all respondents, 65 mothers (100%) have good knowledge about giving exclusive breastfeeding to babies aged 0-6 months.

Breast milk (ASI) is a natural food that is good for babies, practical, economical and easy to digest. The reason why babies need breast milk is because breast milk has benefits, one of which is that it has many advantages, it contains important substances, it can make babies develop optimally. Breast milk also plays a role in bringing closer spiritual closeness between mother and child. The first factor that influences breastfeeding failure is the mother's lack of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding (32%), namely mothers stop breastfeeding because breast milk production is low. Actually, this is not caused by the mother not producing enough breast milk but because of the mother's lack of knowledge. The second is caused by working mothers. The third is caused by the intensive promotion of formula milk. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Marmet Massage on increasing breast milk products for postpartum mothers at the Tanjung Tiram Community Health Center, Tanjung Tiram District, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2022. This research uses a quasi-experimental method (Quasi Experiment) with the approach used is a comparative design of control and intervention groups (One Group Post Test Design). to determine the effect of Marmet Massage on increasing breast milk products in postpartum mothers. In this study, the samples were all non-working mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months as many as 30 people with 15 people in each group who received marmet massage during the 1-4th day in a row followed by breast milk measurement for 30 minutes and The guinea pig technique was not carried out followed by breast milk measurement. Conclusion, Based on the results of research and data analysis that has been carried out regarding the Influence of the Marmet Technique on the Fluency of Mother's Milk in the Working Area of ​​the Tanjung Tiram Health Center, Tanjung Tiram District, Batu Bara Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2022, it can be concluded that: The Marmet Technique has a significant influence on the Fluency Breast milk. This is indicated by the results of the Wilcoxon test sig-p value (0.007) < 0.05

Mothers who do not exclusively breastfeed their children will have a negative impact on public health, causing upper respiratory tract infections (ARI), diarrhea, the baby's immune system, affecting the level of intelligence of the brain after adulthood and can trigger allergies, obesity and disease. intestines in premature babies and can also put the mother at risk of breast cancer. The aim of the research is to determine the factors that cause the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in Tomuan Village, East Siantar District, Simalungun Regency in 2023.The research design used was cross sectional and analytical in nature. The population in this study were all mothers with babies 6-9 months living in Tomuan Village, totaling 208 people using accidental sampling technique.The results of the research on the relationship between knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding show a p value of 0.007, the relationship between education and failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding shows a p value of 0.000, the relationship between work and failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding shows a p value of 0.000.For health workers in Tomuan Village, it is hoped that they will provide more services and increase access that supports the exclusive breastfeeding movement for mothers of babies, such as lactation rooms in every public place and monitoring the implementation of breastfeeding programs for working mothers in particular.    

Background: The post partum period is the period in the mother which starts from the day of birth up to 6 weeks after birth during this time the mother is obliged to provide breast milk to the baby. WHO data shows that 46% of post partum mothers do not give exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months because of problems with milk insufficiency. The problem of failure to give exclusive breastfeeding to babies that needs attention is because mothers who experience breast milk are not smooth. Efforts that can be made to increase the smoothness of breast milk production can be by oxytocin massage by the husband. Objective: To find out the results of implementing oxytocin massage on the smoothness of breastfeeding in post partum mothers in Kebakkramat District, Karanganyar Regency. Method: This type of research is descriptive in the form of a case study. Results: The smooth expulsion of breast milk before the application of Oxytocin Massage by the husband shows that breast milk is not smooth. The smoothness of breastfeeding after an oxytocin massage by the husband for the two respondents showed smooth breastfeeding. There was a smooth development of ASI during the 3 days of applying oxytocin massage. There was a change in the smoothness of milk production in the two respondents after the application of Oxytocin Massage or Increased Breast Milk. Conclusion: There was a change in the smoothness of breastfeeding before and after the oxytocin massage was performed on the two post partum mother respondents.

In Indonesia, there were 35,985 postpartum mothers who experienced ASI dams or (15.60%) postpartum mothers, and in 2015 postpartum mothers who experienced ASI dams were 77,231 or (37.12%). The increasing incidence of ASI dams is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Where this greatly affects the postpartum period, namely the failure to provide breast milk to infants and one of the failures to achieve coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the determinants that influence the occurrence of breast milk dams in postpartum mothers in Bulukumba Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a population of 30 postpartum mothers using total sampling. The results showed that the nipple length was the most influential factor among the five factors causing breast milk dams in the working area of ​​the Ujung Loe Health Center, Bulukumba Regency. This is based on a simple linear regression test obtained a p value of 0.04. Conclusion: From the results of the research conducted, it is known that all respondents who experienced breast milk retention were 19 mothers and 11 mothers who did not experience breast milk retention. After statistical tests were carried out using a simple linear regression test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the causal factors, namely the nipples being too long and the occurrence of breast milk dams with a p value of 0.001.    

Background:Breast Milk is a perfect nutrient intended for babies with complete ingredients for baby intake and has antibodies against disease prevention. Even though breastfeeding has many benefits, it turns out that the achievements of exclusive breastfeeding are still lacking. Failure to give exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by many factors, one of which is knowledge. The knowledge possessed by the mother will greatly influence the success and failure of exclusive breastfeeding. Many mothers do not know that one day the baby will experience a phase of accelerated growth from normal conditions which is called a growth spurt. At this time a mother will be worried and think that her breast milk is lacking, so she finally gives formula milk or early solids so that her baby is calm. Writing purpose:The effect of the level of knowledge of a mother who has a baby aged 6-11 months regarding growth spurt on the provision of early complementary food (MPASI) at the Warunggunung Health Center, Lebak Regency, is known in 2022. Research methods:Research method analytic observational case control design. The study sample consisted of 74 mothers with babies aged 6-11 months who were divided into a case group (mothers with babies who were given early solids) and a control group (mothers with babies who were not given early solids) with a ratio of 1:1. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis via Chi-Square test. Research result:In the case group (babies who were given early solids) the majority or as many as 87.5% of mothers had a low level of knowledge, while in the control group (babies who were not given early solids) the majority or 78.6% of mothers had a good level of knowledge. Mothers with a good level of knowledge, only 21.4% of mothers gave Early Solids to their babies and 78.6% of mothers did not give Early Solids. Whereas in mothers with a low level of knowledge, as many as 87.5% gave Early Solids and only 12.5% ​​did not give Early Solids to their babies. There is an influence on the level of knowledge of mothers with babies aged 6-11 months about growth spurts on early complementary feeding (p value = 0.000).

Lactation management is needed to support the successful management of breastfeeding. Failure of the breastfeeding process is often caused by some mothers who do not understand the correct way to breastfeed. Based on UNICEF data, only 30% of post partum primiparous mothers provide exclusive breast milk, this shows that babies in Indonesia still receive non-exclusive breast milk. The aim of this service is to increase knowledge about lactation management which consists of how to breastfeed, the benefits of breastfeeding, the correct breastfeeding position. The activity was carried out at the Bara Baraya Community Health Center, Makassar City on December 9 2022. The method used in this service was lecture and question and answer which began with a pre-test then providing information and then a post-test with a total of 7 participants. The results of the activity showed that those who had good knowledge before the counseling were carried out were 3 people (42.85%) and after the counseling it increased to 7 people (100%), this shows that the counseling was effective in lactation management for Primiparous Postpartum Mothers..