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Asphyxia is a condition in which a baby has difficulty breathing spontaneously and regularly immediately after birth, so that it cannot obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from its body. This condition occurs due to pathological changes caused by a lack of oxygen in the respiratory system, which can result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Asphyxia can also be grouped into two types, namely primary asphyxia that occurs when a baby is born and secondary asphyxia that occurs some time after birth. This study aims to determine what factors influence the incidence of asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The type of research is an analytical survey study with a cross-sectional design used to determine the relationship between maternal age, gestational age, parity, and amniotic fluid with the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia at RSUD DR Tengku Mansyur Tanjungbalai City in 2023. The research sample consisted of 25 people, who were selected using a sampling technique with the Total Sampling Technique. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Fisher's Exact Test showed a p-value of 0.344. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia at DR. Tengku Mansyur Regional Hospital, Tanjung Balai City, in 2023.

Asphyxia is a condition in which a baby fails to breathe spontaneously and regularly immediately after birth, preventing oxygen intake and carbonic acid removal (Dewi, 2011). It is a pathological change caused by insufficient oxygen in the respiratory air, leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia (Ridha, 2014). Asphyxia can occur at birth (primary asphyxia) or develop later (secondary asphyxia). This study aims to identify factors influencing neonatal asphyxia at the Pagar Merbau Health Center, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2023. The research employs an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis utilized the chi-square statistical test and Fisher’s Exact Test in SPSS to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results from bivariate analysis using Fisher's Exact Test revealed a p-value of 0.344, indicating no statistically significant relationship between maternal age and neonatal asphyxia at the Pagar Merbau Health Center in 2023. To reduce neonatal asphyxia risk, pregnant women should undergo regular antenatal care using available health facilities to detect complications such as premature birth (<37 weeks), postmature birth (>42 weeks), low birth weight, or premature rupture of membranes. Early detection and appropriate medical intervention can minimize neonatal asphyxia incidence. Healthcare providers must enhance prenatal education and monitoring programs to ensure better maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Strengthening healthcare services and raising awareness among pregnant women about risk factors can contribute significantly to reducing neonatal asphyxia cases.