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Flat foot is a common foot condition in humans and can lead to health problems if not properly managed. Education on flat foot prevention is very important to increase awareness and knowledge within the toddler community regarding ways to prevent and manage flat foot conditions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving awareness and knowledge of parents of toddlers regarding flat foot prevention in Madyopuro Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City. The methods used included counseling and educational sessions on flat foot prevention, as well as evaluation of mothers’ and children’s knowledge and awareness before and after the educational intervention. The results showed that education was effective in increasing parents’ awareness and knowledge regarding flat foot prevention. Therefore, education on flat foot prevention can serve as one of the strategies to reduce the prevalence of flat foot among children in Madyopuro Village, Kedungkandang District, Malang City.

This research aims to develop a mathematics teaching module based on differentiated learning integrated with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) method, specifically for the topic of spatial structures ("get up room") for students at Nanasi 1 Elementary School. The development process follows the 4D model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. In the Define stage, analysis revealed the absence of instructional modules that align with students' learning styles and needs. Consequently, learning objectives were formulated based on geometric elements and problem-solving criteria. During the Design stage, a prototype module and validation instruments were produced. Validation was conducted by two experts, yielding high scores for both content and visual presentation—each achieving 90% validity. Practicality assessments also showed strong results, with content rated at 90.8% and visual aspects at 90%, categorizing the module as “very valid” and “very practical.” The integration of the PjBL method was implemented to enhance active student participation, encouraging collaborative exploration and real-world application of mathematical concepts. The developed module is considered suitable for supporting differentiated mathematics instruction in elementary schools. It accommodates diverse learning styles and promotes student engagement through project-based tasks. The findings suggest that combining differentiated learning with PjBL fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment, particularly in geometry-related topics. This module not only meets pedagogical standards but also contributes to the advancement of innovative teaching practices in primary education.

One of the applications of annuities in society is a credit financial instrument. In the credit system there are many risks, so this study is to compare the installment system according to the fastest and longest sample periods in credit with the ordinary annuity method system and maturity, in addition this study aims to see the movement of installments using flat interest and effective interest. The calculation results for a loan of Rp 17,915,000, within 11 months with 24% interest show the largest total interest on the flat interest type of Rp3,941,300 and the smallest total interest on the annuity interest due of Rp1,825,879. Meanwhile, the calculation of the second sample with a loan of Rp17,915,000, within 35 months with an interest of 17.32% obtained the largest total interest on the flat interest type of Rp9,050,055, with the smallest total on the effective interest type of Rp4,339,610, but only slightly different from the total interest on the annuity due of Rp4,347,542. From these results, creditors are advised to choose a credit in a period of 11 months with an annuity due, because the interest paid is much smaller than the 35-month period.

The Clash of Champions educational competition program by Ruangguru not only offered academic challenges but also provided a high level of verbal interaction, particularly in the use of expressive speech. This study aims to analyze the use of expressive speech in the program, focusing on episodes one to five. Expressive speech refers to utterances that convey the speaker's emotions, such as praise, gratitude, or apologies. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, utilizing a data-collection technique based on assent with a derivative of participant observation. Data analysis is conducted using the pragmatic method to identify the types of expressive speech present. The study also used pragmatic approaches to describe the speech of others as well as that of expressive speech. The study indicates that there are eight types of expressive speech, including acts of flattery, praise, gratitude, belittlement, guilt, complaint, and apology. Flattering speech is found to be the most dominant, providing emotional support for the competition participants. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a better understanding of language use in educational and competitive contexts, fostering a positive and supportive atmosphere in the learning process.

This study aims to explore the sustainability of Rumah Susun Sederhana Milik (Rusunami) as a viable housing solution for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in Surabaya. The study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with residents, management representatives, and local government officials, as well as through field observations. Data analysis was conducted based on the indicators of the Adequate Housing Framework by UN-Habitat, which include secure tenure, affordability, habitability, accessibility, location, and the availability of basic services. The findings reveal that Rusunami is capable of providing affordable housing for MBR with a permanent ownership system, despite facing major challenges such as administrative barriers and low financial literacy. The program has proven to contribute to improving the quality of life of residents and reducing socio-economic inequalities. To ensure long-term sustainability, strategic measures are needed, such as simplifying administrative procedures and enhancing the financial literacy of the community. Development recommendations include improving the administrative system to ensure the program can be accessed by a larger number of MBR optimally.

Hair stylists in using curly iron are still not varied, students still use flat iron rather than curly iron for hair styling. The purpose of this research is to determine the comparison of the results and curl durability of curls using a 25 mm diameter curling iron and a 38 mm diameter curly iron for Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling. This research uses pre-experimental research methods. The sample in this research was 6 Cosmetology and Beauty students class of 2020. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation. The data analysis techniques uses descriptive analysis, prerequisite tests, namely normality tests and homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. The results of research from the comparison of Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling showed that the results of the curl shape using 25 mm and 38 mm diameter curly iron were considered quite neat, and from the aspect of curl durability or hair waves were considered resistand using a 25 mm diameter curly iron. And there is a significant difference in Hollywood Wave wavy hair styling using a 25 mm diameter curly iron with a 38 mm  diameter which is proven by the significance value obtained of 0,000. This research can be used as education abaout the use of curling tools with different diameters, and it is recommended to use a 25 mm diameter curly iron for styling Hollywood Wave hair because the waves are more “S” shaped.

A flat shape is a geometric part that only has a perimeter and area. There are various shapes of flat shapes, such as triangle, square, long, parallelogram, rhombus, kite, trapezoid, and circle. The aim of this research is to conduct a literary analysis related to the difficulties faced by students in expressing their ideas in the subject. which are given. The analysis method used is called Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data collection was carried out by documenting and reviewing 7 national index articles; the articles are then broken down into different areas. Based on the research results, there are thirteen articles that discuss the difficulties experienced by students when solving problems related to the topic of building a flat-sided room. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are still problems that students often face when trying to solve problems related to the construction of flat-sided spaces. The most common types of errors are formula errors, errors in shape identification, and errors in understanding the concept of plane figures. This is caused by uneven understanding of concepts, inaccurate determination of formulations, and uneven student bias in understanding the results of flat shapes.

The research method used in this study is the research and development method or also called Research and Development. The research design that will be developed in this study uses the development model presented by Borgan Gall. The product produced in this study is an Arduino Nano-Based Distance Measuring Tool with a Display on the LCD on the Flat Side Room Building Material for Class VIII at SMP Negeri 5 Sepauk. The test subjects of this study included two subjects. The first subject is the validator and the second is class VIII students of SMP Negeri 5 Sepauk. The analysis technique used is to determine the effectiveness, practicality, and validity. The percentage of effectiveness from the average of the two analyzes obtained a percentage value of 94.06% with Very Effective criteria used in learning mathematics. The results of the combined teacher and student response questionnaires - the average percentage obtained was 89.55% with very practical criteria. The combined results of the average percentage obtained from the percentage of experts and the results of the measurement trials obtained a percentage of 76,36% with very valid criteria.