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Primary Healthcare Facilities (Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama, FKTP) represent the first level of contact in the healthcare system and play a central role in infection prevention and control. Despite mandatory Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) training in Indonesia, evidence regarding its effectiveness in improving cognitive abilities among primary healthcare workers remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC training in enhancing the cognitive abilities of healthcare workers in FKTP. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted involving 91 healthcare workers who participated in IPC training across three cohorts in 2024. The training was delivered online through a Learning Management System and consisted of structured learning modules accompanied by a pre-test and a final quiz. Cognitive improvement was assessed using paired samples t-tests, while the magnitude of training impact was evaluated using Cohen’s dz effect size. The results showed statistically significant improvements in cognitive scores across all cohorts (p < 0.001), with mean score increases ranging from 16.10 to 23.35 points. Effect size analysis revealed large to very large effects, with an overall Cohen’s dz of 1.19, indicating substantial and practically meaningful cognitive gains. In conclusion, IPC training was effective in improving cognitive competence among FKTP healthcare workers. These results reinforce the value of well-structured training programs as an essential component of efforts to strengthen infection prevention capacity in primary healthcare settings.

This study analyses the challenges of digitalising registration services at Primary Healthcare Facilities (Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama, FKTP) in East Java, including limitations in human resources, technological infrastructure, and public digital literacy, all of which affect the satisfaction of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) patients. Utilising the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology with the PRISMA approach, the study reviews literature from 2024–2025 sourced from databases such as Google Scholar, using keywords related to digitalisation, FKTP, and patient satisfaction. The analysis is based on the ADO (Antecedent, Decision, Outcome) framework. The findings identify three key factors: (1) Antecedents (human resource competence, infrastructure, digital literacy); (2) Decisions (human resource training, facility modernisation, public outreach); and (3) Outcomes (increased patient satisfaction through time efficiency and ease of access). The study emphasises the need to strengthen human resources, provide adequate infrastructure, and educate the public to ensure the sustainability of digital healthcare services at FKTPs in East Java.

Background: The JKN program is here to provide benefits to Indonesian citizens in the form of comprehensive individual health services. The number of JKN participant referrals from FKTP to FKRTL has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on strengthening basic health services to minimize the increase in health service costs borne by BPJS. Method: This study is a descriptive type of research because it is to describe how to optimize primary care. Data collection uses literature studies. Results: Based on a review of the four studies above from various countries, strengthening primary care is important to do by means such as integrating client-centered health services at the health center level, increasing community involvement when sick for treatment, optimizing the role of the government, implementing the Family Health Team approach, and routinely conducting socialization of JKN benefits in primary care. Conclusion: JKN provides benefits to improve public health so that strengthening primary health services is needed to help reduce inefficiencies in health service costs while increasing access to comprehensive and patient-centered health services.

BPJS Health is a legal entity formed to administer the health insurance program with the aim of protecting the entire community with affordable premiums and providing wider service coverage for the entire community. BPJS health services focus on first level health services (FKTP/first level health facilities). Due to the sensitive nature of health information stored and managed by BPJS Health, it is important to ensure that the information systems used are safe from cyber attacks and data leaks. The stages of a BPJS Health service audit are determining audit objectives, identifying services using the framework, capability level analysis, testing controls and evidence at the capability level, verifying results, and compiling audit results reports and recommendations. Audits carried out for services that focus on Process Domains DSS01 and DSS02. The measurement result is 2.5 because the value rounding index means the results are at level 3 (established process), that is, currently the processes in each process domain have been identified and standardized well so that the library service system is stable for implementation, while the expected level is at level 4 so there is a gap of 1.5. To be able to overcome the existing gap, a recommendation was made, namely to maximize the alignment of Company Operational Standards (SOP) with applicable policies.

UUD 1945 that the government must provide a sense of well-being and health to all members of society, this is implemented in the National Health Insurance implemented by the Health Social Security Administration Agency (BPJS). FKTP is at the forefront of providing health services in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the national health insurance referral system at FKTP. The research design used in this study was a literature review using Google scholar to search for previous related articles. The related article criteria used were those published from 2017-2023 and collected as many as 6 journals. Based on the six journals, the results show that the National Health Insurance Referral system at First Level Health Facilities (FKTP) has been running well in the community even though in its implementation there are still deficiencies in FKTP.